齐墩果酸滴丸的制备及质量评价

[目的] 制备齐墩果酸滴丸并测定其溶出度.[方法] 按常规方法制备滴丸,采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱为HYPERSIL C18柱, 用甲醇∶ 0.03%醋酸水溶液(90∶ 10)为流动相, 检测波长为210 nm处测定自制齐墩果酸滴丸的含量和溶出度.[结果] 制得的滴丸大小均匀、圆整光滑、硬度适中.齐墩果酸的检测浓度在10～160 μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9992),含药量为5.09%(RSD=2.17%).齐墩果酸滴丸30 min时溶出度为(85.2±1.04)%.[结论] 该制备方法简单,滴丸成形性好,质量可控,体外溶出度高.     

齐墩果酸-纳米碳酸钙固体分散体的制备及评价研究

目的?制备齐墩果酸-纳米碳酸钙固体分散体,以期提高齐墩果酸的溶出度。方法?以纳米级碳酸钙为载体,采用溶剂法制备齐墩果酸固体分散体,采用扫描电镜分析(SEM)、差示量热扫描分析(DSC)和X-射线衍射分析对固体分散体进行物相表征,并对其体外溶出行为进行考察。结果?分析显示齐墩果酸在固体分散体中以无定形态存在,体外溶出结果表明,齐墩果酸-纳米碳酸钙（1∶2,w/w）60?min的累积溶出度达到83.30%,显著高于齐墩果酸原料药。结论?将纳米碳酸钙作为齐墩果酸固体分散体的载体,能显著提高齐墩果酸的体外溶出度。      

齐墩果酸聚合物胶束的制备及质量研究

[目的]制备齐墩果酸聚合物胶束,并对其质量进行评价。[方法]采用透析法制备齐墩果酸聚合物胶束,通过正交设计实验确定最优处方。对聚合物胶束形态和粒径和稳定性进行确定,建立高效液相方法对聚合物胶束进行含量、溶解度、溶出度的测定,研究聚合物胶束的增溶效果。[结果]按筛选出的最优处方制备的胶束粒径为(64.24±2.64)nm,PDI为0.093±0.02,包封率为(87.06±1.45)%,载药量为(10.22±0.9)%。溶解度为0.689 04 g/L,60 min时溶出度为80.6%。[结论]通过正交实验筛选处方制备出了粒径分布均匀,包封率和载药量较高,溶解度和溶出度显著提高并且稳定性良好的胶束。     

RP-HPLC法测定峨嵋双蝴蝶中齐墩果酸的含量

目的:采用RP-HPLC法测定峨嵋双蝴蝶中齐墩果酸的含量。方法:采用Hypersil ODS2柱(250×4.6 mm),流动相为甲醇:1.0%冰醋酸水溶液(94:6),检测波长为210nm,流速为0.5ml/min。结果:齐墩果酸分别在(0.40～4.00)μg (r=0.9992),范围内峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系;齐墩果酸的平均回收率(n=6)分别为 99.90%(RSD=0.04%)。结论:此方法简便,准确、重复性好,可适用于峨嵋双蝴蝶药材中齐墩果酸的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定金叶接骨木中熊果酸和齐墩果酸的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)同时测定金叶接骨木茎叶中齐墩果酸和熊果酸含量的方法。方法采用Thermo ODS-2HYPERSIL(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.4%磷酸水溶液(80%∶20%);检测波长210 nm,流速0.8 ml/min,柱温25℃。结果齐墩果酸的线性范围为12.17-243.36μg/ml(r=0.999 9),回收率为98.50%(RSD为3.03%);熊果酸的线性范围为3.25-64.92μg/ml(r=0.999 8),回收率为99.49%(RSD为1.37%)。金叶接骨木茎中齐墩果酸含量(mg/g)为1.485,熊果酸为0.348;叶中齐墩果酸为0.636,熊果酸为0.437。结论 HPLC法操作简单,测定结果准确,可用于金叶接骨木中齐墩果酸与熊果酸的含量测定。     

紫外光谱法测定齐墩果酸含量

目的利用紫外光谱法测定齐墩果酸含量。方法 在210nm波长下,以甲醇作溶剂,作齐墩果酸标准工作曲线,并测定齐墩果酸片的含量。结果齐墩果酸在4-120μvg·ml-1范围内线性关系良好。r=0.9993。平均回收率为99.0％,RSD=0.8％(n=5)。结论该方法简便,快速,结果准确。重现性好。适用于药品中齐墩果酸含量的测定。     

HPLC-ELSD法测定槲寄生中齐墩果酸的含量

[目的]建立槲寄生中齐墩果酸含量测定的方法。[方法]采用HPLC-ELSD,以phenoment C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.5%乙酸铵溶液(88∶12)为流动相,漂移管温度:60℃,载气(空气)压力:3.53×105Pa。[结果]齐墩果酸在0.432～6.48μg范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9997),平均回收率为96.37%,RSD=1.9%。[结论]本方法简便,准确,可作为槲寄生中齐墩果酸的含量测定方法。     

经典名方大山楂丸质量标准的改进和提升研究

[目的]探讨经典名方大山楂丸质量标准的改进和提升.[方法]采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对制剂鉴别进行方法学改进,增加山楂中槲皮素的定性鉴别;优化并建立大山楂丸中熊果酸和齐墩果酸含量HPLC同测技术：采用Ace Excel 5 C_(18)色谱柱(4.6×250 mm, 5μm),流动相甲醇-0.5%(体积分数)磷酸(83∶17),进样量为10μL,流动速度为1.0 mL·min^(-1),柱温30℃,检测波长为212 nm.[结果] TLC鉴别槲皮素斑点清晰,专属性强;熊果酸在0.031 1～0.938 0 g·L(-1),柱温30℃,检测波长为212 nm.[结果] TLC鉴别槲皮素斑点清晰,专属性强;熊果酸在0.031 1～0.938 0 g·L^(-1)梯度质量浓度范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.96%,RSD=0.43%;齐墩果酸在0.008 1～0.234 3 g·L(-1)梯度质量浓度范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.96%,RSD=0.43%;齐墩果酸在0.008 1～0.234 3 g·L^(-1)梯度质量浓度范围呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为96.61%,RSD=0.60%.[结论]改进和提升后的质量标准科学可行,可用于经典名方大山楂丸的质量控制.     

齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备与质量评价

目的:对齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺和含量测定方法进行研究,并对其质量进行评价. 方法:采用薄膜超声分散法制备齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒,并对其包封率、形态等性质进行研究. 结果:制得齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒形态均匀圆整、粒径范围为(62.0±10.3) nm,包封率为98.29%,载药量为8.17%. 结论: 选择薄膜超声分散法制备齐墩果酸固体脂质纳米粒方法可行,为开发齐墩果酸新型注射制剂提供了实验依据.     

齐墩果酸固体分散体形成和增溶机制研究

目的 研制齐墩果酸－PVP固体分散物，增加齐墩果酸溶出，并探讨其增溶机制。方法 采用溶剂法制备齐墩果酸－PVP固体分散物。利用差热分析、X射线衍射和体外溶出度测定等方法研究固体分散体中齐墩果酸的结晶性质及对溶出度的影响。结果 差示热分析及X－射线衍射证明药物的晶型消失，溶出度增加8倍。结论 通过固体分散法，药物以无定型或者分子状态分散于载体中，因而显著改善溶出度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.