Rtn4-A/B基因敲除小鼠模型的制备

目的通过制备Rtn4-A/B基因敲除小鼠,探索Rtn4-B基因的生物学功能。方法用细菌人工染色体(BAC)载体构建Rtn4-A/B基因打靶载体并使其线性化,通过电转化法将其转入129SvEv品系雄性小鼠胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)。将正确同源重组的ES细胞注射入C57BL/6J小鼠囊胚腔,繁育出嵌合体小鼠后,进一步繁殖以获得杂合子小鼠。抽提小鼠尾尖组织DNA,采用PCR法鉴定小鼠的基因型。结果基因打靶后,得到14个发生双臂正确同源重组ES细胞克隆。利用阳性ES细胞克隆进行囊胚内显微注射,得到5只嵌合率大于50%的雄鼠,最终繁育得到4只Rtn4-A+/-B+/-杂合子小鼠。结论利用ES细胞基因打靶、同源重组等方法,成功获得Rtn4-A/B基因敲除杂合子小鼠。     

瞬时性受体电位通道香草酸受体亚型6基因敲除小鼠模型的建立

目的 建立Trpv6基因剔除小鼠模型,为在体研究Trpv6的生物学功能及其与骨代谢关系创造条件。 方法 从Ensembl数据库中获得小鼠Trpv6基因组序列。设计基因剔除策略,构建基因剔除载体pBR322-MK-Trpv6。以电穿孔方法将基因剔除载体导入ES细胞,用G418和Ganciclovoir进行正负筛选,获得双抗性克隆。PCR鉴定出正确同源重组的胚胎多能干细胞（ES细胞）克隆。将正确同源重组的ES细胞注射到C57BL/6J小鼠的囊胚中,获得嵌合体小鼠。挑选嵌合率在50%的雄鼠与C57BL/6J小鼠交配,获得的灰鼠,PCR鉴定为杂合子小鼠。杂合子小鼠交配后获得纯合子小鼠。 结果 成功构建了打靶载体pBR322-MK-Trpv6。电穿孔后,共获得24个正确同源重组的克隆,同源重组效率为25%。同源重组的克隆经显微注射后,共获得4只嵌合率大于50%的雄鼠。嵌合鼠与野生型C57BL/6J交配,获得57只来源于ES细胞的灰鼠,PCR鉴定证实17只为杂合子小鼠,阳性率为33.3％。杂合子小鼠交配获得纯合子小鼠。经Western印迹证实纯合子小鼠无Trpv6蛋白的表达。 结论 已成功建立了Trpv6基因剔除小鼠模型,其中纯合子小鼠未出现胚胎致死现象。     

Tex101条件性基因敲除小鼠模型的建立和表型鉴定

目的建立Tex101（Testis expressed gene101）条件性基因敲除小鼠模型并进行表型鉴定。方法构建针对小鼠Tex101基因2、3号外显子的重组载体,通过电穿孔的方法转染胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）,用正负筛选法筛选阳性ES细胞并进行PCR鉴定。利用显微注射把发生正确同源重组的ES细胞注射进C57BL／6J小鼠囊胚,移人受体小鼠子宫。将得到的嵌合体小鼠与C57BL／6J雌鼠交配获得Tex101-LoxP转基因小鼠。该小鼠与EⅡa—Cre转基因小鼠杂交,通过子代自交获得Tex101条件性基因敲除（cKO）小鼠并进行初步分析。结果得到2只Tex101cKO雄鼠。冰冻切片观察发现Texl01cKO雄鼠睾丸形态和大小与野生型小鼠相比无明显差异。结论成功建立了Tex101条件性基因敲除小鼠模型,并初步验证了该基因对雄性小鼠睾丸大小和形态无明显影响,为进一步研究Tex101基因功能奠定了基础。     

HIF-1α条件性基因敲除嵌合体小鼠的获得

目的应用Cre/loxP系统建立HIF-1α条件性基因敲除小鼠模型。方法电击法将构建好的HIF-1α条件性基因敲除载体转染入小鼠ES细胞,用G418与Ganciclovir对转染的ES细胞进行正负筛选,经Southern杂交鉴定得到阳性ES细胞克隆后,将已发生正确重组的ES细胞显微注射入小鼠囊胚腔,对子代鼠进行基因型鉴定。结果经G418与Gan-ciclovir筛选培养得到490个阳性克隆,用5′端探针进行Southern杂交鉴定获得1株发生同源重组的ES细胞克隆,经显微注射,得到5只由基因敲除ES细胞和供体囊胚细胞共同发育而来的嵌合体小鼠。结论成功得到基于Cre/loxP系统的HIF-1α条件性基因敲除嵌合体小鼠模型。     

基于Cre/loxP系统的糖皮质激素受体基因条件性打靶嵌合鼠的获得

目的:应用Cre/loxP系统建立诱导型糖皮质激素受体(GR)基因剔除小鼠模型,为在体内直接进行GR基因的研究提供条件.方法:针对GR基因第2外显子构建诱导型目标载体,将打靶载体电穿孔转染胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES),经Southern杂交筛选发生正确同源重组的ES细胞,囊胚注射法制备嵌合体并进行生殖系检测及纯化建系.结果:成功构建了针对GR基因第2外显子的诱导型目标载体,转染ES细胞获得了工程化的ES细胞,经囊胚注射获得了由工程化的ES细胞和体细胞共同发育而来的嵌合体小鼠.结论:基于Cre/loxP系统的GR基因条件性打靶嵌合鼠的获得,为得到理想的诱导型GR基因剔除小鼠模型奠定了基础.     

Brevican基因敲除小鼠的制备

目的制备brevican基因敲除小鼠。方法采用ET克隆方法,构建brevican打靶载体。线性化打靶载体,电转化胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES),将正确同源重组的ES细胞注射入囊胚腔,生育嵌合体,再交配繁育杂合子及纯合子。PCR法鉴定小鼠的基因型。结果将PGK启动子指导的NEO表达框敲进Bcan第3外显子,敲除第3～8外显子序列,得到打靶载体,上游臂为2.4 kb,下游臂为4.8 kb。基因打靶后,得到双臂均发生正确同源重组的克隆数14个。利用阳性ES细胞克隆注射入囊胚,得到3只嵌合率大于50%的雄鼠,繁育得到6只Brevican-/-纯合子小鼠。结论利用同源重组方法,成功敲除干细胞靶基因,建立Brevican-/-建系小鼠。     

低钾型周期性麻痹相关的Cchl1a3基因R528H敲入小鼠模型的构建

目的构建低钾型周期性麻痹相关的Cchl1a3基因R528H敲入小鼠模型。方法将Cchl1a3-knock-in打靶载体电转染ES细胞,经过G418和Ganciclovoir筛选阳性ES细胞克隆并用PCR和DNA测序法鉴定。将阳性ES克隆注射到小鼠囊胚,获得嵌合体小鼠。通过杂交获得的杂合子小鼠与FLP小鼠交配繁育获得去neo杂合子小鼠,并用PCR和DNA测序进行鉴定。将去neo杂合子小鼠交配得到纯合子后代,进行生长发育等方面的观察。结果打靶载体成功转染ES细胞,PCR和DNA测序法证实9个ES细胞克隆发生正确的同源重组。通过显微注射获得7只嵌合体小鼠。将嵌合体小鼠交配繁育的杂合子小鼠和FLP小鼠交配获得9只去neo杂合子小鼠,最终得到15只去neo纯合子小鼠。该小鼠在发育至性成熟阶段,精神、饮食及活动状态良好,但是在4个月龄时逐渐出现脱毛,皮肤破溃甚至死亡。结论成功构建Cchl1a3基因R528H突变的纯合子小鼠,为研究人类CACNA1S基因功能和阐明低钾型周期性麻痹发生的分子机制奠定了基础。     

mSpag9肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠模型的构建与鉴定

目的:为研究支架蛋白JLP在肾脏中的生理功能,建立小鼠精子相关抗原(mSpag9)肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠模型,为研究该基因所发挥的重要生理功能提供材料和思路。方法:构建mSpag9基因重组载体,通过电转打靶转染胚胎干细胞(ES细胞),将筛选出的阳性ES细胞克隆,经显微注射至超排小鼠的囊胚腔后移植于受体小鼠,从子代筛选嵌合体小鼠,与携带flp位点C57/BL6N小鼠杂交后得到mSpag9flox/+基因敲除小鼠,自交筛选出mSpag9flox/flox小鼠,再与KSP-CreERT2小鼠杂交得到mSpag9flox/flox-Cre肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠并进行鉴定,待小鼠成长至5周,使用Tamoxifen(10 mg/mL葵花籽油溶解)腹腔注射(0.04 mg/g)诱导Cre重组酶特异性表达于肾小管上皮细胞。结果:经PCR扫描后得到10株阳性ES细胞克隆,其中6株使用Southern Blot鉴定;经显微注射后得到4只雄性、5只雌性嵌合体小鼠,与flp小鼠杂交后得到9只mSpag9flox/+基因敲除小鼠,将自交得到的mSpag9flox/flox小鼠与KSP-CreERT2小鼠交配筛选出mSpag9flox/+-Cre+3只小鼠,将其与mSpag9flox/flox小鼠回交得到基因型为mSpag9flox/flox-Cre+小鼠,即为mSpag9肾脏特异性基因敲除小鼠。结论:该模型利用Cre-Loxp系统实现基因mSpag9的基因打靶,Tamxifen诱导基因mSpag9实现该基因在肾小管上皮细胞上敲除,为进一步研究mSpag9基因及支架蛋白在肾脏生理病理进展中所发挥的作用提供工具。     

条件培养液改进小鼠胚胎干细胞嵌合体制备效率的观察

目的:探讨如何通过改善小鼠胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES)的培养条件来维持其未分化状态,提高嵌合体的制备效率.方法:以普通ES细胞培养液为对照,以TX-WES培养液为ES细胞条件培养液分别对15代以上的未工程化ES细胞和糖皮质激素受体(GR)工程化ES细胞进行培养并筛选,通过囊胚注射制作嵌合体来比较2种不同培养液培养ES细胞后嵌合体制备效率的差别.结果:未工程化ES细胞以普通培养液培养其嵌合率为25.0%,以TX WES培养液培养其嵌合率提高到53.8%(P＜ 0.05);GR工程化ES细胞以普通培养液培养其嵌合率为15.0%,以TX-WES培养液培养其嵌合率提高到52.3%(P＜0.05).结论:应用TX-WES培养液改善小鼠ES细胞的培养条件可提高嵌合体的制备效率,该方法为基因剔除小鼠研究的顺利开展奠定了良好的基础.     

碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白条件性基因敲除小鼠模型的建立及鉴定

目的 建立转录因子碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（ChREBP）的条件性基因敲除小鼠模型,为研究ChREBP的体内生物学功能提供技术手段。方法和结果 利用Cre/loxP基因打靶策略,通过构建基因打靶载体和基于胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）的基因同源重组,在ChREBP基因第8外显子的两侧分别引入loxP位点;将打靶成功的ES细胞显微注射至小鼠囊胚,然后植入假孕雌鼠子宫获得嵌合鼠,进一步获得可种系传代的ChREBP^flox/+小鼠;将ChREBP^flox/+小鼠与Alb-Cre小鼠交配,获得ChREBP的肝脏特异性基因敲除小鼠。结论 建立了ChREBP条件性基因敲除小鼠模型,为揭示不同组织中ChREBP的生理功能和病理学意义提供了重要手段。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.