小儿腹腔镜阑尾切除术CO_2气腹对呼吸的影响

目的研究小儿经腹腔镜阑尾切除术CO_2气腹对呼吸的影响。方法 2006年8月—2010年8月行腹腔镜阑尾切除术的患儿52例,观察气腹前以及气腹后呼气末二氧化碳(P_(ET)CO_2)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)等参数值的变化。结果行CO_2气腹后5、15 min SpO_2值较气腹前降低,而P_(ET)CO_2、Ppeak较术前上升(P<0.05)。放气5 min后、拔管前,各项数值基本恢复到术前水平。52例患儿中1例术中发生低氧血症。结论在行腹腔镜治疗时,CO_2气腹对小儿呼吸有一定影响,术中应加强对生命体征的监测,合理用药,使手术安全、顺利地完成。     

硬膜外小剂量吗啡四种配方术后止痛的比较研究

200例 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄18～44岁,体重45～68 kg 的子宫或卵巢全部或部分切除的患者,以单盲法分为四组,每组50例,分别于术后自硬膜外腔注入①吗啡2.5 mg;②吗啡2.5 mg+中分子右旋糖酐6 ml;③吗啡2.5 mg+纳络酮0.4 mg;④吗啡2.5 mg+5%NaCl 6 ml。比较了注药前及注药后1、3、6、9、12 h 的 CO_2通气反应、止痛效应及副作用。认为2.5 ml 吗啡有满意的止痛作用。但在1～12 h 尤其是3～9 h 有中枢性呼吸抑制作用。右旋糖酐可能减慢吗啡自硬膜外腔向脑脊液的扩散,从而延长术后止痛时间、减轻吗啡的中枢呼吸抑制效应。0.4 mg 纳洛酮与2.5mg 吗啡合用仍保留了止痛作用,在用药后1～3 h,中枢性呼吸抑制作用似有减轻。高渗盐水无明显的止痛作用,不能增强吗啡的止痛效应。     

单腔气管插管全身麻醉下胸腔镜食管癌根治术CO_2人工气胸对患者PaCO_2和P_(ET)CO_2的影响及相关性研究

目的:观察单腔气管插管全身麻醉下胸腔镜食管癌根治术患者,CO_2人工气胸期间,PaCO_2及P_(ET)CO_2的变化以及两者之间的相互关系。方法:30例患者静吸复合麻醉下观察并采集CO_2人工气胸前(T_0)气胸后20 min(T_1)、60 min(T_2)及气胸停止后10 min(T_3)等时间点的PaCO_2及P_(ET)CO_2的数值及计算两者之间的差值(Pa-ETCO_2)并分析两者的相关性。结果:气胸后各时点(T_1、T_2)的PaCO_2、P_(ET)CO_2及Pa-ETCO_2均明显大于气胸前(T_0)。各时点两者的相关性虽呈正性相关,而相关程度T_0>T_1>T_2。结论:VATS食管癌根治术由于CO_2人工气胸对肺通气功能的影响,气胸后使PaCO_2、P_(ET)CO_2及Pa-ETCO_2均明显增加,两者相应的关系也随之改变,CO_2人工气胸期间慎用P_(ET)CO_2判断PaCO_2。     

不同体位腹腔镜手术对肥胖患者呼吸循环功能的影响

目的:观察不同体位腹腔镜手术对肥胖患者呼吸、循环功能的影响及临床意义。方法:选取择期行腹腔镜手术肥胖患者(BMI 28.3～33.1)40例,按需分为两组:A组20例,术中患者行头低足高25°体位;B组20例,术中患者行头高足低25°体位。分别在气腹前(T_0)、气腹后体位改变前(T_1)、体位改变后15min(T_2)、30min(T_3)、解除气腹平卧后5min(T_4)时点监测MAP、HR、CVP、ECG、SpO_2、气道峰压(Ppeak)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2)。结果:两组MAP、HR、CVP及A组Ppeak T_1、T_2、T_3时与T_0比较明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组P_(ET)CO_2T_2、T_3时与T_0比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T_2与T_3时,A组与B组比较,MAP、CVP、P_(ET)CO_2、Ppeak明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T_4时A组患者MAP、HR、P_(ET)CO_2明显高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肥胖患者腹腔镜手术中体位改变可对呼吸循环功能产生明显影响,头低足高体位使CVP更大程度地升高,且通气功能下降明显。     

小儿喉乳头状瘤重度气道梗阻手术的围术期管理

目的 总结小儿喉乳头状瘤重度气道梗阻手术的围术期管理方法.方法 选取复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院于2005年7月-2009年3月收治的70例Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度喉梗阻的喉乳头状瘤患儿,记录麻醉诱导前、手术开始时及手术开始后5、10 min以及手术结束时的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、呼气末二氧化碳(P_(ET)CO_2).从麻醉诱导、麻醉维持、术中通气方式、拔管期和拔管后处理等一系列环节分析围术期的管理效果.结果 手术时间为5～35 min,术后5～20 min拔管送苏醒室.手术结束时MAP为(66±6)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、HR为(138±11)次/min,与麻醉诱导前的(69±8)mmHg、(155±10)次/min的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).手术结束时SpO_2为(98.3±1.2)%、P_(ET)CO_2为(44.8±3.8)mmHg,均较麻醉诱导前的(91.9±2.3)%、(68.1±11.8)mmHg明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).在合理的围术期管理下,患儿麻醉诱导平稳,麻醉效果满意,血流动力学稳定,均顺利完成手术,安全度过围术期.结论 小儿喉乳头状瘤重度气道梗阻手术围术期管理的关键是充分的术前评估和谨慎使用肌松药,合理选用气管导管及气管插管的方法,术中维持足够的麻醉深度,根据手术需要采取相应的通气方式,尽量避免气管切开,拔管期和拔管后密切监测呼吸循环功能,保护气道避免误吸.     

调控不同呼气末二氧化碳分压对老年腹腔镜手术全麻患者术后认知功能障碍发病率的影响

目的:分析调控不同呼气末二氧化碳分压对老年腹腔镜手术全麻患者术后认知功能障碍发病率的影响。方法:选取2016年2月-2017年4月择期行全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石"T"管引流术、腹腔镜结肠癌根治术及腹腔镜子宫全切术的60岁以上的患者200例作为研究对象,随机分为正常P_(ET)CO_2组(L组)与轻度高P_(ET)CO_2组(H组),各100例。L组患者术中通过调控呼吸参数控制P_(ET)CO_2在35~44 mm Hg;H组患者术中控制P_(ET)CO_2在45~55 mm Hg。通过调控潮气量(V_T)、呼吸频率(RR)等通气参数,分析麻醉期间维持不同值P_(ET)CO_2对改善患者术后认知功能的效果。结果:两组T_0时间段的V_T、RR、Ppeak、P_(ET)CO_2以及不同时间段的SP、DP、HR、SpO_2比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);L组T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4、T_5、T_6时间段的V_T、RR、Ppeak、P_(ET)CO_2均明显高于T_0,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);L组T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4、T_5、T_6时间段的V_T、RR、Ppeak、P_(ET)CO_2均高于H组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。H组术后1、3、7 d的MMSE量表得分下降值≥20%者均少于L组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。L组术后3 d单词辩认度、MMSE得分与H组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组其他指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对老年腹腔镜全麻手术采取适当提高P_(ET)CO_2手段,可有效降低术后短期认知功能障碍的发病率。     

骶管阻滞用于小儿腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝结扎术的临床观察

目的探讨小儿斜疝在腹腔镜下行鞘状突高位结扎术的麻醉方法、管理及可行性。方法选择1～5岁ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级34例患者在腹腔镜下行鞘状突高位结扎术,采用氯胺酮基础麻醉后行单次骶管阻滞,经鼻孔放置气体采样管监测呼吸末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2),术中视情况静脉辅助用氯胺酮。观察麻醉效果,气腹前、气腹后及放气腹后各时段呼吸频率、P_(ET)CO_2的变化。结果镇痛完全29例,患者术中肌松能满足手术要求。气腹后呼吸频率、P_(ET)CO_2显著增加(P<0.01),自主呼吸尚能代偿,SpO_2稳定。结论骶管阻滞用于小儿腹腔镜腹股沟斜疝手术麻醉效果确切、安全,可满足手术的需要。     

三通喉罩通气在肺灌洗术中的应用

目的 探讨三通喉罩(thhree-way laryngeal mask airway,TLMA)通气在肺灌洗治疗的应用.方法 实施肺灌洗术的患者15例,年龄8～62岁,在快速诱导全麻下插入TLMA,TLMA的标准端口连接呼吸机(或麻醉机)进行机械或人工控制通气,从TLMA另一带有密封胶帽端口置人纤维支气管镜,经声门进入气管、支气管,实施肺灌洗术.记录患者麻醉前5 min时(T_0),插管前即刻(T_1),插管后即刻(T_2),插管后3 min(T_3),拔管时(T_4),拔管后3 min(T_5)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)和脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2);记录患者通气5 min时(T_6)、通气10 min时(T_7)、通气30 min时(T_8)、通气50 min时(T_9)的潮气量(VT)、气道峰压(Ppeak)及呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2);测定T_0,T_6,T_7,T_8,T_9时间点的血气分析.记录麻醉、手术效果和过程.结果 全部15例手术顺利完成,TLMA通气不同时点血流动力学指标稳定,通气效果良好,无明显并发症.结论 TLMA用于肺灌洗术具有安全、可靠、效果满意、并发症少等优点,保证了良好的通气和氧供,提高了麻醉安全性.     

喉罩全身麻醉自主通气在乳腺癌根治术的应用

目的 探讨喉罩全身麻醉自主通气对乳腺癌根治术患者呼吸与循环功能的影响.方法 40例美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期在全身麻醉下实施乳腺癌根治术的患者随机分为自主通气组(SV组)和间歇正压通气组(IPPV组),SV组在诱导期尽量保留自主呼吸,待下颌松弛后插入喉罩,适当辅助通气至自主呼吸恢复正常并维持至术毕;IPPV组予常规麻醉诱导及维持.记录麻醉期间麻醉诱导前(T_0)、插入喉罩前(T_1)、插入喉罩后5 min(T_2)、插入喉罩后30 min(T_3)、插入喉罩后60 min(T_4)、拔除喉罩前(T_5)、拔除喉罩后30 min(T_6)的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_2)、分钟通气量(VE)、呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2)以及吸气末七氟烷浓度(C_(IN)NSEV)、呼气末七氟烷浓度(C_(ET)SEV).并行动脉血气分析检查.结果 ①两组患者均可获得满意的插管条件,但SV组的诱导时间显著长于IPPV组(P<0.01),且均有不同程度的呼吸抑制,其插入喉罩前的C_(ET)SEV显著高于IPPV组(P<0.01),两组间清醒时间和躁动发生率的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).②两组间SBP、DBP、HR、SpO_2的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),SV组T_1、T_2时间点的VE均显著低于T_0时间点(P值均<0.05),T_2时间点的P_(ET)CO_2显著高于T_0时间点(P<0.01);SV组T_1、T_2时间点的P_(ET)CO_2显著高于IPPV组(P值分别<0.05、0.01).③两组血气分析的各项指标均能维持正常,T_6时间点的pH值显著低于T_0时间点(P值分别<0.05、0.01);IPPV组T_6时间点的动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)显著高于T_0时间点(P<0.05).结论 喉罩麻醉自主通气应用于乳腺癌根治术,术中及术后血流动力及呼吸功能均能维持接近生理状态,可替代机械通气.     

呼气末二氧化碳分压监测在儿童重症肺炎无创通气支持中的应用

目的探讨重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患儿在行无创通气支持治疗过程中应用呼气末二氧化碳分压(P_(ET)CO_2)监测的临床意义。方法选取2016年10月—2019年1月在沧州市中心医院重症肺炎合并呼吸衰竭行无创通气支持治疗的患儿70例,将其平分为观察组和对照组。入室后均给予无创通气支持治疗其中观察组加以呼气末二氧化碳分压监测。观察两组患儿的治疗效果。结果通过对两组患儿心率恢复正常时间、呼吸窘迫缓解时间、无创通气支持时间发现:P_(ET)CO_2数据指导治疗下的观察组在患儿心率恢复正常时间、呼吸窘迫缓解时间、无创通气支持时间上均显著小于对照组,总体有效率方面观察组有效率为91.42%,对照组62.85%。结论 P_(ET)CO_2应用在儿童无创通气支持治疗中能够连续定量地监测患儿的肺通气状况,及时设置个体化的机械通气参数,避免通气不足或过度,有利于提高治疗效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.