微卫星DNA标记对BABL/c突变卷毛小鼠遗传特性的分析

目的利用微卫星DNA标记技术对BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠与正常BALB/c小鼠进行遗传检测,旨在分析BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠与正常小鼠之间存在的遗传差异。方法选取38个微卫星DNA位点结合荧光PCR技术和STR扫描基因型来检测BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠、无毛小鼠与正常小鼠三个群体的遗传变异情况。结果 38个微卫星位点在BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠与正常小鼠之间有27个微卫星位点相同,有11个位点存在差异,其突变率为28.9%(11/38);BABL/c突变无毛小鼠与正常小鼠之间有30个位点完全相同,8个位点存在差异,其突变率为21.1%(8/38);而BABL/c突变卷毛小鼠与无毛小鼠间也有12个位点存在差异。结论 BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠的突变率较高,且明显高于无毛小鼠,证明了卷毛小鼠突变与无毛小鼠突变是两个完全不同的突变系,为今后研究和开发应用BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠提供可靠的理论数据。     

BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠皮肤组织结构的分析

目的探讨BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠的皮肤组织结构与正常BALB/c小鼠之间是否存在突变差异。方法选择10 d、21 d、42 d和63 d四个不同日龄组的BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠和正常BALB/c小鼠每组各10只,观察两组小鼠被毛外观差异情况,取两小块皮肤组织,直接镜检毛囊结构和皮肤组织病理学检测。结果 BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠生长至10 d时被毛弯曲,能够与同日龄的正常小鼠加以鉴别。镜检观察21 d、42 d和63 d的BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠毛囊中毛发根数明显少于正常小鼠,被毛稀疏且毛发卷曲明显。皮肤组织病理学检测结果显示四个不同日龄组的BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠的毛囊数均显著少于正常小鼠。63 d的BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠处于生长期的毛囊中可见毛发弯曲的现象。结论 BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠的毛囊和皮肤组织结构与正常小鼠存在明显差异,说明其皮肤组织结构也发生了改变,这为今后研究突变卷毛小鼠的突变基因和模型应用提供了理论参考。     

BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠部分生长发育指标初探

目的利用近交培育建立BALB／c突变卷毛小鼠模型,分析突变小鼠与正常小鼠间生长发育和脏器系数的突变差异。方法选择21d、42d和63d三个不同日龄组的BALB／c突变卷毛小鼠和正常BALB／c小鼠各20只,雌雄各半,分别测量体质量、头长、体长、尾长及主要脏器质量,计算头体比、尾体比及脏器系数并进行对比分析。结果F4代的BALB／c突变卷毛小鼠已完全纯合。21d和42d突变卷毛小鼠头体比和尾体比小于正常小鼠（P〈0．05）;63d突变卷毛小鼠的体质量、头体比和尾体比均小于正常小鼠（P〈0．05）。21d突变卷毛小鼠的心脏、脾脏、卵巢、子宫系数均大于正常小鼠（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;42d突变卷毛小鼠的心脏和胸腺系数低于正常小鼠,脑和睾丸系数高于正常小鼠（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;63d突变卷毛小鼠的心脏和子宫系数低于正常小鼠,脑系数高于正常小鼠（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论BALB／c突变卷毛小鼠与正常小鼠的外观特征和脏器系数均存在差异,这些突变差异对于研究BALB／c突变卷毛小鼠的生长发育、心血管系统、免疫系统和生殖系统都具有十分重要的意义。     

BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠肝癌移植模型对比分析

目的探讨BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠与正常BALB/c小鼠应用两种肝癌移植方式建立肝癌模型存在的差异。方法将制备好的H22细胞注射于两组小鼠右侧下肢根部皮下,每只注射0.2 m L,7 d后摘取皮下肿瘤。选取皮下肿瘤边缘质地较好的部分,切割成组织微块(直径0.5～1 mm),移植于肝原位,15 d后摘取肝肿瘤。用游标卡尺测量皮下和肝肿瘤长短径计算肿瘤体积,并对两组小鼠的结果进行对比分析。将两组肿瘤组织进行HE染色,光镜下观察其形态学改变。结果卷毛小鼠的皮下移植和原位移植肿瘤不仅体积均显著大于正常小鼠(P0.05),而且肿瘤大小较均匀,肿瘤更加立体,多呈三维状态。卷毛小鼠肝原位肿瘤与周边的正常肝组织浸润关系更密切。病理结果显示:卷毛小鼠皮下肿瘤与肌肉组织之间没有清晰的界线,侵蚀性较强;卷毛小鼠肝原位肿瘤的视野内肿瘤组织几乎侵蚀了整个肝组织。结论 BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠在形成肝癌皮下移植肿瘤和肝原位移植肿瘤的能力显著优于正常BALB/c小鼠,预期为肝癌动物模型各项研究提供优质的动物模型平台。     

不同性别BALB/c裸小鼠血液学及脏器系数观测

目的 测定SPF级BALB/c裸小鼠血液学参数,脏器重量、脏器系数,并进行性别间比较.方法 选取10周龄SPF级BALB/c裸小鼠80只,雌雄各半.40只采集血液,运用血液分析仪测定血液常规指标;40只活体称重,采集血液,运用全自动生化分析仪测定血生化指标,并采集脏器测定脏器重量,计算脏器系数.结果 雌雄裸小鼠测定项目比较,①雄性白细胞数、平均血红蛋白量、血小板、淋巴细胞显著高于雌性、红细胞显著低于雌性（P＜0.01）,红细胞平均体积、血小板压积与雌性差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）.②雄性碱性磷酸酶、肌酸激酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶显著高于雌性（P＜0.01）,白蛋白显著高于雌性（P＜0.05）.③雄性体质量、肾、膀胱脏器重量显著高于雌性,差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.O1）,肝脏器重量显著高于雌性,差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）雌雄裸小鼠脏器系数相比较,雄性裸鼠的心、脾脏器系数显著低于雌性,差异达极到显著水平（P＜0.01）,雄性肾的脏器系数显著高于雌性,肺、肾上腺的脏器系数显著低于雌性（P＜0.05）.结论 性别对SPF级BALB/c裸小鼠血液学参数、脏器重量和脏器系数有一定的影响.     

BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠皮肤创伤愈合对比分析

目的探讨BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠在皮肤损伤自然愈合过程中与对照BALB/c小鼠存在的差异。方法选择6周龄BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠和对照BALB/c小鼠各10只,于小鼠背部做2个直径为0.5 cm的圆形皮肤全层创口,备皮肤损伤模型,于损伤后第3,7,10,14天观察皮肤外形愈合情况,测量皮肤损伤面积的变化及计算伤口愈合率;同时于损伤后第3,7,10,14天取损伤部位皮肤连带周围正常皮肤,进行HE染色和天狼猩红染色,以观察皮肤在愈合过程中的形态学变化。结果外观结果显示:突变卷毛小鼠在创后3 d和7d的愈合伤口明显愈合较快。愈合率结果显示:卷毛小鼠的皮肤在创后3 d、7d的愈合率显著高于对照小鼠的愈合率,具有统计学意义(P0.05),而在创后10 d和14 d两组小鼠的愈合率不具有显著差异。病理结果显示:突变卷毛小鼠在创后3 d创面胶原纤维明显增多,可见少量炎症细胞浸润,毛细血管扩张充血,创后7 d胶原增长迅速,肉芽组织显著增多,可见部分表皮再生生长。天狼猩红染色结果显示:卷毛小鼠在创后3 d至14 d可以清晰的看到胶原纤维和肉芽组织从底层逐渐顶替修复破损部位,直至表皮和毛囊生长出来。结论 BALB/c突变卷毛小鼠皮肤创伤后前期的愈合能力强于对照小鼠,为今后该突变小鼠应用于皮肤创伤愈合模型研究提供了理论参考。     

戊巴比妥钠诱导的亚低温对雄性BALB/C小鼠血液学指标的影响

目的观察戊巴比妥钠诱导的亚低温对雄性BALB/C小鼠血液学指标的影响。方法将健康雄性BALB/C小鼠随机分为对照组(C)和亚低温组(M);亚低温组用戊巴比妥钠(100 mg/kg)腹腔注射诱导雄性BALB/C小鼠体温下降至28℃~30℃,维持4 h后自然复温,动物亚低温干预后2 h、24 h和72 h测定其肛温并取血测定血凝、电解质和血液细胞学指标;对照组给予等容体积的生理盐水,保持常温。结果本方法诱导的亚低温对雄性BALB/C小鼠体温和血凝三项与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),K+和Na+浓度高于对照组(P﹤0.01),外周血WBC低于对照组(P﹤0.01或P﹤0.05),白细胞分类比值发生变化,RBC、HGB、MCH、MCHC一过性降低(P﹤0.01或P﹤0.05)。结论戊巴比妥钠诱导的亚低温可对雄性BALB/C小鼠血液学指标产生影响。     

常用实验小鼠感染诺如病毒后外周血免疫指标分析

目的通过小鼠感染MNV后外周血免疫指标的改变来评估MNV感染对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法选取KM,BALB/c,BALB/c-nu,C57BL/6及NIH等五个品系小鼠,每个品系分成MNV感染组和对照组,于感染前(第0天)和感染后的第7、14、21、28天从眼周静脉采集抗凝血,流式细胞术测定总T细胞、CD4~+ T细胞、CD8~+ T细胞、总B细胞、NK细胞及NK-T细胞占总淋巴细胞的百分比及干扰素、白介素、趋化因子等13种细胞因子的含量,比较感染后各指标总体均值的差异,分析各时间点变化情况。结果与对照组相比,KM小鼠感染组总T细胞、CD4~+ T细胞含量显著增高(P0.01),CD4/CD8显著增高(P0.05),总B细胞及CXCL10含量显著降低(P0.01);BALB/c小鼠CD8~+ T细胞显著降低(P0.05),IFN-γ含量显著增高(P0.01);BALB/c-nu小鼠各免疫细胞均无统计学差异,TNF-α、CXCL1及CXCL10显著增高(P0.01),CCL2显著增高(P0.05),IFN-β显著降低(P0.05);C57BL/6小鼠CD4~+(P0.05)CD8~+ T细胞(P0.01)均显著降低,总B细胞及IL-10显著增高(P0.05),CCL5及GM-CSF显著降低(P0.05);NIH小鼠总T细胞和CD8~+ T细胞显著增高(P0.01),CD4/CD8显著降低(P0.05),总B细胞显著降低(P0.01),细胞因子均无统计学差异。对于有统计学差异的免疫指标,有半数感染第7天即出现显著差异,大多数第28天仍存在显著差异。结论 MNV的感染会影响正常小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答,而且不同品系的动物影响不同,建议在进行免疫相关的动物实验时选择MNV阴性小鼠,以避免实验结果出现偏差。     

近交系小鼠酒精性脂肪肝模型建立的分析

目的通过比较研究选择一种最佳的小鼠品系来建立良好的酒精性脂肪肝动物模型。方法选取BALB/c、C57和C3H三种常用的近交系小鼠,采用酒精灌胃法复制酒精性脂肪肝模型,并对其血清生化指标和病理学改变进行综合对比分析。结果 BALB/c模型组体重增长量和肝指数均小于对照组(P0.01,P0.05);C57和C3H模型组体重增长量均小于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。BALB/c模型组ALT、AST与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.01);C57模型组ALT、AST、TG与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.01);BALB/c模型组小鼠肝细胞胞质中出现大量散在的脂肪滴,呈脂肪变性;而C57模型组小鼠肝细胞的胞质中脂肪滴更多,明显多于BALB/c和C3H组小鼠,且脂滴融合成空泡,空泡又融合成较大的囊泡结构,汇管区出现炎性细胞浸润。结论 C57小鼠是复制酒精性脂肪肝模型较为理想的实验动物,也为今后研究酒精性脂肪肝疾病及其发病机制提供良好的实验平台。     

C57BL/6J、BALB/c、ICR品系小鼠学习记忆能力的行为学差异

目的比较C57BL/6J、BALB/c、ICR品系小鼠学习记忆能力的行为学差异。方法按品系将10周雄性C57BL/6J、BALB/c、ICR品系小鼠分为三组,每组10只,进行旷场实验、Barnes迷宫实验、Y迷宫实验、条件恐惧实验,比较三个品系小鼠学习记忆能力。结果旷场实验,C57BL/6J组总移动距离、大移动距离、速度、中央区移动距离百分比、中央区停留时间少于ICR组和BALB/c组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01、P0.05); C57BL/6J组小运动移动距离多于ICR组和BALB/c组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01、P0.01); Barnes迷宫实验测试阶段,C57BL/6J组与ICR组在目标区域停留时间大于BALB/c组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01、P0.05)。Y迷宫实验三组小鼠自发转换率,进臂停留时间与次数等差异均无统计学意义。条件恐惧实验中三组小鼠僵直时间百分比差异均无统计学意义。结论三个品系中,C57BL/6J小鼠自发活动最低,旷场实验焦虑水平最高,空间参考记忆优于ICR组和BALB/c小鼠,三个品系空间工作记忆及空间识别记忆无显著性差异。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…