试论语篇分析在大学英语写作教学中的应用

英文写作是体现学生英语实际应用水平最重要的标志之一,但其也是英语学习者的一个瓶颈。本文提出,将语篇分析引入到写作教学中能够有效地提高学生的写作能力。通过语篇分析的基本理论,例如语篇模式理论可以帮助学生构建整体结构严谨,层次清楚的文章;衔接和连贯理论有助于学生写出逻辑鲜明、语意连贯的语篇。在大学英语的写作教学中,通过阅读对文章进行语篇分析,学生能够在整体上把握写作的构思框架,提高谋篇布局能力,从而进一步提高英语写作水平。     

英语专业学生ESL写作焦虑与写作成绩相关性研究

本文旨在测量英语专业学生ESL写作焦虑的程度,及写作焦虑与英语写作成绩是否存在相关。首先,利用二语写作焦虑量表SLWAI[1]测量了英语专业学生英语写作焦虑的程度及类型。其次,利用SPSS相关分析,研究了英语写作焦虑程度与写作成绩之间的联系。研究结果表明英语专业学生存在高度的英语写作焦虑,其中认知焦虑是最主要的表现形式。英语写作焦虑程度与写作成绩呈高度的负相关,说明高度的焦虑对写作存在负面的影响。了解ESL写作焦虑与写作成绩的联系将有助于二语教师和学习者采取积极有效的策略来缓解焦虑,减少焦虑对于二语写作的负面影响。     

浅析医学英语的语篇教学

简述医学英语语篇的重要意义 ,从读前、阅读和读后三个环节分析医学英语语篇教学的过程 ,着重强调语篇阅读教学中 ,主题、细节、交流逻辑关联现象、组织结构、推论、写作目的和态度、教师职责等各步骤 ,为医学专业英语阅读教学提供了可行的方法     

语料库方法在医学学术英语翻译写作教学中的实证研究

以数据驱动学习理论为指导,将语料库技术作为手段融入医学学术英语教学,探讨其对教学效果和学习者学习习惯的影响。在教学实验中,发现以数据库为驱动的研究生学术英语教学能增强学生的学习兴趣,提高教学效果,改善学习习惯,并使自主学习成为可能。但是,由于实验设计和语料库选择原因,后续实验有很多需要改进的地方,如可以尝试利用更专业的学术英语语料库如英国学术英语写作语料库开展深入研究,使研究从学术英语的词汇搭配层面向句法结构、语篇布局乃至学术规范惯例层面深入,将语料库驱动外语教学的研究更深入和系统化。     

主位推进模式在高职高专英语应用文写作教学中的应用

教育部2000年实施的《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》明确指出,高职高专生应该能写简短的英语应用文,词句基本正确,无重大语法错误,格式恰当,表达清楚。笔者在教学中发现,通过写作训练,高职高专生在词句、语法和格式方面的错误可以逐渐减少,但语篇表达能力却很难提高。很多学生的作文虽然符合语法规范且格式正确,但中心思想不明确,语篇结构不够连贯。究其原因,主要是我国英语写作教学将重点放在了词汇和语法层面,并不注重语篇层面的衔接和连贯,造成学生对语篇的整体把握能力较差。     

语料库在医学研究生英语写作教学中的应用——以情态动词为例

运用语料库研究方法,对比分析了医学研究生与英语本族语学生英语议论文中情态动词使用的异同。结果表明,就情态动词总体使用频率而言,二者不存在显著差异;但对具体核心情态动词做分析后发现,医学研究生存在过度使用can,should和过少使用could,would的情况。同时指出,医学研究生情态动词使用具有中介语发展的特点和明显受母语影响的倾向。     

英语语篇的词汇模式与语篇教学

语篇读写教学一直是英语教学的重点和难点，教师和学生都投入了相当多的时间和精力，以求得学生读写能力的全面提高。遗憾的是，很多学生，在阅读理解和书面表达两个题型中取得的成绩始终不甚理想。本试图从英语语篇的内在词汇特点出发，期待利用语篇的词汇模式帮助学生更好地理解语篇，进而改善语篇写作技能，并希望改进现有的词汇教学。笔相信，语篇的词汇模式对语篇教学的启示能使大部分学生在读写能力的加强方面有大的飞跃，语篇词汇教学与语篇读写教学的互动有助于学生词汇和读写能力的全面提高。     

从人际功能视角看门诊医患会话的言语特色

以4小时的真实医患门诊会话录音为语料,采用定性和定量的研究方法,从人际功能的视角,对门诊医患会话进行语篇分析。主要围绕该语篇的小句言语功能、语气系统和情态系统三个方面展开,旨在分析门诊医患互动中病人与医生之间的言语特色。     

医学七年制学生的英语写作能力分析

文章分析了医学七年制学生的英语写作能力.七年制学生在英语写作方面与同年级的本科生相比有其优势,但仍然存在中文的负迁移、连贯与衔接不够和认识能力不足等问题.为了进一步提高七年制写作教学的水平,文章就如何解决上述问题,提出了相应的对策,即加强英汉对比教学和语篇教学,重视人文素质和认识能力的培养.     

浅谈英语篇章衔接与英语教学

本文试从应用角度探讨篇章衔接与英语阅读 ,写作和语法教学之间的关系 ,着重分析几种常用的衔接方式 ,即指称、替代和省略、连接、词汇衔接及对英语教学的作用。笔者认为 ,在课堂教学中重视语篇的衔接方式对提高学生的英语读解能力和写作能力有很重要的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.