改性胺微胶囊固化剂制备工艺的优化与性能

以改性胺1618固化剂为囊芯、脲醛树脂为壁材单体,采用界面聚合技术,成功制备了一种新型聚脲改性胺微胶囊固化剂。通过正交设计试验,考察了芯壁质量比、乳化剂种类和质量分数及搅拌速率对微胶囊包覆率、粒径大小及分布情况的影响,并确定了最佳制备工艺条件。采用马尔文激光粒度仪、扫描电镜对微胶囊粒径大小、分布情况及表面形貌进行表征,采用热重分析仪及傅里叶变换红外光谱对其化学结构进行表征,通过拉伸试验对自修复材料的断裂力学性能进行研究。结果表明,该微胶囊含有固化剂芯材,其热稳定温度为198 °C,当芯壁质量比为0.7∶1、乳化剂为阿拉伯胶、乳化剂质量分数为1.5%、搅拌速率为800 r/min时,所制备的微胶囊包覆率达到79.8%,平均粒径为207.5 nm,呈规则的球形,分散性及表面致密性好。当基体材料中加入质量分数为1%的微胶囊后,拉伸强度提高64%,弹性模量提高287%。     

蓄热调温石蜡相变微胶囊的制备及性能

采用界面聚合法,以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯和哌嗪为反应单体、30号相变石蜡为芯材,制得了一种智能纺织品用蓄热调温相变微胶囊。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪对微胶囊的化学组成、形貌和蓄热性能进行了表征,测试了其耐热和耐溶剂性。结果表明:所得微胶囊主要为球形,表面光滑,平均粒径为10.6μm,对w=0.40的NaOH溶液、w=0.60的H2SO4溶液、无水乙醇、丙酮稳定,能被甲苯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚破坏。相变潜热为118 J/g,石蜡在微胶囊中的质量分数为84%。     

月见草油-姜黄素微胶囊制备及对动脉硬化大鼠脂质代谢初探

目的:拟考察以月见草油同姜黄素制备微胶囊的方法及其形状,并进一步的考察其对动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠的治疗效果。方法:首先以喷雾干燥的方式制备微胶囊,以姜黄素-月见草油及半合成脂肪酸甘油酯为芯材,并以明胶及β-环糊精为壁材,制备微胶囊。通过对微胶囊表征参数及溶出特性的测定后,确定其产品的稳定性,并进一步的考察其溶出度以及其对动脉粥样硬化模型大鼠的治疗效果。结果:根据之前设定的配方可设定配置产品的配方为:芯材∶壁材=1∶20,明胶∶β-环糊精=1∶1,姜黄素∶月见草油∶半合成脂肪酸甘油酯=1∶40∶2,最终可以获得形态稳定的微胶囊,微胶囊的粒径范围在2.7~8.8μm,平均粒径为6.2μm。经过计算,该微胶囊包埋率为28.8%,SEM结果显示,其颗粒稳定光滑无裂痕。根据红外光谱的结果可知,该微胶囊的芯材同壁材是通过物理键相结合的,同时,本微胶囊在模拟胃液中稳定,释放程度较低,而在模拟肠液中,其释放程度较高,而且可以达到缓释释放的目的。而制得的月见草-姜黄素微胶囊可以显著性的降低大鼠的血脂参数,经过12周的灌胃,大鼠的TG、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C水平均显著下降。HE染色显示,微胶囊组的血管同立普妥组类似,与模型组比较,内膜较光滑,平滑肌细胞排列较规则,炎性细胞浸润减少。结论:以月见草油同姜黄素制备的微胶囊稳定性及生物利用度均有所提高,并抑制了高脂饮食模型大鼠的动脉硬化形成,其机制可能与调节脂质代谢相关。     

壳聚糖/脲醛树脂微胶囊的制备和控释性能

以脲醛树脂（UF）/壳聚糖（CS）复合材料为壳材,以溶解了阿维菌素的二甲苯为芯材,研究脲醛树脂（UF）/壳聚糖（CS）缓控释农药微胶囊的制备方法。改变壳层聚合过程中作为交联剂的甲醛的引入方式,制备得到一系列微胶囊。通过红外光谱仪、粒度分布仪、扫描电镜等对微胶囊的化学结构、组成成分、形貌特征进行表征,发现在缩聚阶段引入甲醛可以提高微胶囊壳层中壳聚糖的含量,进而提高微胶囊的包覆率和缓释效果。在优化条件下制备得到的微胶囊粒径7.14 μm,包覆率大于70%。     

锐孔-凝固浴法制备薏苡仁酯微胶囊的工艺研究

目的探讨锐孔-凝固浴法制备薏苡仁酯微胶囊化的工艺条件，得出包埋率高、感官质量好的薏苡仁酯微胶囊产品。方法丙酮为溶剂提取薏苡仁酯；以海藻酸钠为壁材，锐孔一凝固浴法进行微胶囊化。结果正交实验得出微胶囊化最佳工艺条件：壁材海藻酸钠初始溶液的质量浓度为8g/L，芯材薏苡仁酯与壁材海藻酸钠的质量之比为0．6：1，乳化剂在壁材与芯材乳化分散液中的质量浓度为单甘酯0．5g／L及蔗糖酯0．5g／L，固化液CaCl2的质量浓度为10g／L。结论由此得到的微胶囊于室温下鼓风干燥，包埋率达80．4％，包埋效果好。     

聚酰胺壁材辣素微胶囊的界面聚合法制备与热降解动力学

【目的】采用可生物降解壁材形成微胶囊,并研究其热化学性质。【方法】在乳液体系中,以聚酰胺为壁材,以界面聚合法制备了辣素同系物——N-香草基壬酰胺微胶囊,并依照微分方程法进行热重数据的处理。【结果】电镜与红外光谱显示了微胶囊的形成。根据比表面的表征结果为I类吸附曲线,假定了微胶囊为紧密堆积形式,求得了热分解活化能为8 755.3 J/mol。【结论】聚酰胺可以作为形成N-香草基壬酰胺微胶囊的壁材,其热分解反应最概然动力学模式函数符合三维扩散机理。     

杜仲叶提取物微胶囊化研究

目的：探讨杜仲叶提取物微胶囊化壁材选取及最佳配比工艺研究。方法：选用阿拉伯胶和β-环状糊精（1：1）做为杜仲叶提取物的微胶囊壁材，利用喷雾干燥进行微胶囊化。结果：阿拉伯胶和β-环状糊精（1：1）做为杜仲叶提取物的微胶囊壁材，微胶囊化能达到较好的效果，芯材与壁材的最佳配比为0．1g／g。     

包覆酞菁蓝电泳液的脲醛树脂微胶囊的制备与表征

采用重结晶的方法纯化并超细化酞菁蓝,得到粒径为200~500 nm的超细化酞菁蓝晶体。通过表面改性的方法提高了酞菁蓝在四氯乙烯中的悬浮性能,得到了稳定的酞菁蓝电泳液。以脲醛树脂为壁材,电泳液为囊芯,采用“一步法”原位聚合制备了蓝色电子墨水微胶囊。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）照片表明,制得的微胶囊粒径为30~50 μm,球形规整,表面光滑。研究了影响微胶囊制备的关键因素,最佳的微胶囊制备条件为：聚乙烯醇和尿素的质量比为0.20,反应时间为3~4 h,pH为3~4,搅拌速率为500~700 r/min。     

氯氰菊酯微胶囊剂的制备

目的:探讨以脲醛树脂为壁材,以氯氰菊酯为囊芯物制备聚脲微胶囊的工艺条件.方法:采用原位聚合法制备聚脲微胶囊,对比不同反应时间、搅拌速度、反应温度、催化剂对微囊化的影响.结果:通过实验得知,在反应温度60～70 ℃,搅拌速度3 000 r/min,以NH4Cl缓慢调节pH值为2.0左右,酸化时间2 h的反应条件下,可获得大小及分布理想的微囊颗粒.结论:氯氰菊酯聚脲微胶囊技术成功实现了农药由液态向固态的转变,使得药物的配制和施用更加方便、快捷,并为有害生物防治产品的多样化提供了可能.     

Doehlert设计优化叶黄素微胶囊化制备处方的研究

目的：Doehlert-效应面法优化叶黄素微胶囊的制备处方。方法：以高剪切一喷雾干燥法制备叶黄素微胶囊,以包封率、载药量及归一化值为评价指标,以芯材与壁材质量比,阿拉伯胶与麦芽糊精质量比及固形物含量为考察因素,Doehlert-效应面法优化处方,实验结果进行多元线性和二项式非线性方程拟合,效应面法确定最佳处方配比。结果：二项式是描述各指标与因素之间的最佳模型。优化处方制备微胶囊,叶黄素微胶囊平均载药量为1．88％,平均包封率为83．15％,理论预测值与实测值偏差较小,模型具有良好的预测性。结论：Doehlert-效应面法优化法筛选叶黄素微胶囊是一种简便、可行的实验设计方法,制得水分散体的制备工艺简单,不涉及有机溶剂,包封率和载药量均较高,可用于药品和食品加工。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.