Deciphering Potential Correlations between New Biomarkers and Pattern Classification in Chinese Medicine by Bioinformatics: Two Examples of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Biological complexity and the need for personalized medicine means that biomarker development has become increasingly challenging. Thus, new paradigms for research need to be created that bring together a different classifier of individuals. One potential solution is collaboration between biomarker development and Chinese medicine pattern classification. In this article, two examples of rheumatoid arthritis are discussed, including a new biomarker candidate casein kinase 2 interacting protein 1 (CKIP-1) and a micro RNA 214. The authors obtained a "snapshot" of pattern classification with disease in biomarker identification. Bioinformatics analyses revealed underlying biological functions of two biomarker candidates, in varying degrees, are correlated with Chinese medicine pattern of rheumatoid arthritis. The authors'' initial attempt can provide a new window for studying the win-win potential correlation between the biomarkers and pattern classification in Chinese medicine.     

Research on Constitution of Chinese Medicine and Implementation of Translational Medicine

Translational medicine is a new concept presented in recent decades, the core of which is to build a bridge between basic medical research and clinical application. From the beginning of constitution of Chinese medicine, clinical application has been given priority. Therefore, the idea of translational medicine is fully demonstrated in the research into the three key scientific problems of "classification of constitution of Chinese medicine", "relationship between constitution and disease" and "adjustment of constitution". Under its guidance, not only was the systematic theory of constitution of Chinese medicine established, but also the Constitution of Chinese Medicine Scale and the Standards of Classification and determination of Constitution of Chinese Medicine were developed, which translates methods of classifying the nine constitutional types into guidance for prevention of disease, management of health and clinical application. The research findings of constitution of Chinese medicine have been applied in clinical practice and public health, establishing the diagnosis and treatment model of constitution-disease-syndrome differentiation. The nationwide application of constitution differentiation has shown good effect. In the future, constitution of Chinese medicine should strengthen the evidence-based research and multi-disciplinary cooperation, and establish a research team on comprehensive constitution of Chinese medicine and translational medicine, to translate the findings into clinical practice and public health more accurately and quickly.     

日本一贯堂医学与中医体质学比较

日本汉方医学与中医学同根同源,对个体体质差异性的研究均非常重视.体质医学在日本受到较大关注,流派和分型较多,其中一贯堂医学为日本体质研究的典型代表.中医体质学和日本一贯堂医学均认为体质与疾病的发生具有一定的规律性,但在理论渊源、分类、发病及诊疗等方面存在差异.两者各成体系,密切相关,今后应加强交流和互相借鉴.     

临床与临床基础学科结合的教学方法、思路及模式探讨

探讨临床与临床基础学科相结合的教学方法、思路和模式。临床学科和基础学科教学的相对分离和独立进行制约了学生各种能力的培养和提高,制约了现代教学思想的发展。为此,我们应用案例综合教学法对原来的教学模式进行了改革。案例综合教学法包括4部分内容:案例+问题+讨论式教学;临床诊疗思路教学;多媒体双语课件教学;创新思维培养教学。传染病学教学实践结果表明,学生满意率、理解记忆度、诊断思维启发度、科研创新思维度等4项指标均明显高于传统教学班级。     

肿瘤液体活检

肿瘤是危害人类健康的重大疾病,其复杂性和异质性使得肿瘤诊疗进展缓慢。精准医疗促使肿瘤诊疗方式朝着更加精细化、个体化的方向发展,分子诊断技术和靶向治疗正逐步应用于肿瘤临床诊疗过程。液体活检技术能够通过患者体液反映疾病状态,无创且能提供动态丰富的肿瘤相关分子信息,在肿瘤早期预警及辅助诊断、疗效实时监测、用药指导和耐药机制探索、预后判断和风险分级、靶向药物伴随诊断等方面具有巨大应用潜能,受到临床的广泛关注。论文将针对液体活检的分类、临床应用及未来发展等方面,综述液体活检在肿瘤精准诊疗中的最新进展。     

论历代本草著作之中药分类方法

中药分类是学习、应用和研究药物的一种手段,合理的分类方法有助于促进中药教学、临床应用和科研的发展。自我国现存第一部本草专著《神农本草经》记载的三品分类法始,如何对中药进行合理的分类就成为历代本草著作中的一项重要内容。随着对中药理论认识的逐渐深入,古代医家对中药分类进行了不断的研究和探索,促使中药分类更加全面合理。文章通过梳理历代代表性本草著作中记载的中药分类方法,试图分析各种方法的优点和不足之处,为进一步研究中药理论奠定基础。     

论系统中医学

系统中医学是以系统科学为主导的中医现代研究。它植根于人的复杂性,继承和坚持经典中医学研究人的复杂性的方向和成就,在系统科学主导下,把人的生命运动及其健康与疾病的复杂性作为研究方向和主题,突破经典中医学遇到的"复杂性"瓶颈,把中医学对人的复杂性的认识和调理提高到全新水平,成为中医现代研究和发展的必由之路。这个研究方向由钱学森倡导和引领,首先在山东形成,经过奠基、起步、展开,在理论研究和临床应用上都取得重大进展,正进入全新的发展时期。     

miRNA及DNA甲基化与中医药干预冠心病研究新进展

现代社会,心血管疾病已然成为人类健康的主要威胁之一,其中,冠心病作为最常见的类型,具有高发病率及致死致残率。越来越多研究证实,微小核糖核酸(miRNA)调节与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)甲基化调控与冠心病的发生、发展关系密切,其可涉及调控冠心病的发病机理,且特殊的miRNA表达及特定基因的DNA甲基化状态可以作为冠心病预测及早期诊断的生物学标记以及治疗的潜在靶点。冠心病归属中医"胸痹""心痛"的范畴,研究表明,miRNA的及DNA甲基化的变化可以作为冠心病辨证分型的参考依据,且中医中药通过干预miRNA及DNA甲基化的相关靶点对冠心病起到防治作用。通过对miRNA及DNA甲基化参与冠心病的发病机制、检测,二者的相互调控以及中医药干预治疗等进行阐述,为相关研究提供参考。     

康复医学科瘫痪易错编码分析

随着人类疾病谱的变化和医学模式的转变,以解决功能障碍为核心,提高伤、病、残人员生活质量、回归社会为宗旨的现代康复医学得到迅速发展。本文针对康复医学科疾病编码易错的几类问题,主要包括G81(偏瘫)、G82(截瘫和四肢瘫)、T09.3(脊髓损伤,水平未特指)的错误使用,依据疾病分类规则梳理某康复重点专科医院康复医学科常见的脑卒中引起的偏瘫、脊髓损伤引起的截瘫和四肢瘫ICD-10编码查找路径,对典型错误编码案例进行剖析,根据常见的编码错误从编码员、临床医师2个方面提出相应改进方法,编码人员应根据国际疾病分类的原则及步骤进行疾病编码,仔细查阅病案相关记录,同时要掌握相应学科基础医学知识,临床医师应规范病案疾病诊断名称填写,进而提高康复医学科病案诊断编码质量。     

人工智能技术在基于电子病历研究中的应用与展望

人工智能技术在临床医学领域已取得突破性进展,如诊断、影像、疾病分期分级等。电子病历蕴含疾病描述、诊断、检查、治疗等大量临床数据,在医学专家和信息学家的共同参与下,利用人工智能技术挖掘电子病历数据的研究急剧增加。虽然该方法目前存在一些局限性,但与传统人工研究相比其具有更快速、经济、方便等优势,有望更好地服务于人类健康医学事业的发展。本文对利用人工智能技术挖掘电子病历数据的现状,包括相关技术、具体实例、局限性等进行综述。     

从检验医学两翼队伍的建设谈学科人才的培养

本文重点讨论了检验医学学科的形成与我国检验人才队伍的现状、医院检验科人员队伍的分类及两翼人才的界定、岗位和培养、以及两翼人才队伍的建设和培养的措施.     

社区医学融合内科学构建新型临床教学模式的探索

现代医学教育的目标是培养促进全人类健康的医生,使其既要有专业医学知识,还要有对疾病预防及健康管理的能力。本文分析了现行的本科生临床教学模式存在不足,探索将社区医学融合内科学构建新型临床教学模式,提高学生临床综合能力,以期满足医学人才培养的需求。     

中药抗酒精性肝损伤的实验研究现状

随着生活水平的提高,我国酒精性肝病患者有迅速增多的趋势,已成为严重危害人类健康的疾病之一。酒精性肝病发展后期会严重影响患者的生活质量甚至危及生命,且目前尚无特效治疗药物,因此迫切需要研发高效、低毒的抗酒精性肝损伤的药物。该文就中药抗酒精性肝损伤的实验研究在动物模型的建立、药理指标、作用机制的研究等方面予以综述。     

藏医尿诊的数量分类学研究

在分析和总结传统藏医尿诊性状的基础上,运用数量分类学的原理和方法,分析对藏医尿诊客观规律系统整理和科学阐释的方法和途径,提出传统分类方法如何与现代分类方法相结合,赋予藏医尿诊新的知识内涵和应用价值.     

Non-scientific Classification of Chinese Herbal Medicine as Dietary Supplement

This article focuses the category status of Chinese herbal medicine in the United States where it has been mistakenly classifified as a dietary supplement. According to Yellow Emperor Canon of Internal Medicine (Huang Di Nei Jing), clinical treatment in broad sense is to apply certain poisonous medicines to fight against pathogeneses, by which all medicines have certain toxicity and side effect. From ancient times to modern society, all, or at least most, practitioners have used herbal medicine to treat patients’ medical conditions. The educational curriculums in Chinese medicine (CM) comprise the courses of herbal medicine (herbology) and herbal formulae. The objective of these courses is to teach students to use herbal medicine or formulae to treat disease as materia medica. In contrast, dietary supplements are preparations intended to provide nutrients that are missing or are not consumed in suffificient quantity in a person’s diet. In contrast, Chinese herbs can be toxic, which have been proven through laboratory research. Both clinical practice and research have demonstrated that Chinese herbal medicine is a special type of natural materia medica, not a dietary supplement.     

中医中药治疗冠心病研究进展

冠心病属中医学"胸痹""心痛"范畴,是内科常见病、多发病,是目前威胁人类健康的重要疾病之一,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势。深入研究冠心病的致病机理,采取有效预防及治疗措施,对延长人口寿命、降低病死率和提高患者生存质量具有重要意义。几千年的实践证明,祖国传统医学对治疗冠心病具有副作用小、标本并治等特点,近年来随着分子生物学技术的长足进步,治疗冠心病的单味药、复方、辨证论治研究都有了长足的进展,基础研究和临床大样本循证医学研究均表明中医药对防治冠心病有着巨大的应用潜力和重要意义。     

精准健康管理模式在2型糖尿病中的应用研究进展

2型糖尿病在全球发病率明显增高,已成为第三大慢性非传染性疾病,严重影响了患者的生命质量,且给社会带来了严重的医疗负担。传统的健康管理模式已经不能满足人们日益增长的健康需求,亟待采取有针对性的干预措施,提高疾病的防治率。本文基于精准医学的视角,对国内外有关2型糖尿病的精准诊断、预测、建档、健康改善、绩效评价模式的应用现状进行综述,以期推动健康管理工作向精准化、个性化发展。     

循证医学时代的中西医结合诊疗模式

循证医学时代对中西医结合的理念、模式、方法提出了新的要求,强调干预措施疗效的客观评价,中西医相结合的模式从两者的互补最终朝向跨学科、以病人为中心、以调动病人自愈能力的整体医疗模式方向发展。中国循证医学的研究领域包括循证医学教育、系统评价、随机对照临床试验文献质量评价等。大多数中西医结合医疗干预措施需要进行科学的评价,针对中西医治疗手段需要有关疗效、安全性、成本-效果的高质量证据,实现证据的全球化和决策的本土化。真正的中西医结合医学最终将创造一种全新的医学示范,体现安全、有效、可支付、可获得的医疗服务。     

New Concept of Health with Perspective of Chinese Medicine

Health medicine has been the direction of the development of medicine. However, the definition of health defined by Western medicine and traditional medicine cannot completely cover the full meaning of health. Therefore, we propose the new concept of health: health is a state of physical and mental harmony of different individuals in the life process with the environment, and good self-adaptive and regulation ability to natural and social environment. The new concept of health enriches the connotation of health defined by Western medicine and improves the understanding of health in the past, which provide the conceptual basis for further study on health medicine