持续气道正压通气对OSAHS患者血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的 :探讨持续呼吸道正压通气 (CPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)并发冠心病患者血管内皮细胞功能指标及心肌缺血变化的影响。　方法 :随机选择并发冠心病的中、重度OSAHS且接受CPAP连续治疗 3个月以上的患者 2 3例 ,分别于治疗前和治疗 3个月时比较、分析清晨的血浆一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素(ET)、NO/ET比值、心肌缺血总负荷 (TIB)、睡眠期呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)、最低和平均脉氧饱和度 (SPO2 )的变化。　结果 :与CPAP治疗前比较 ,治疗 3个月时清晨血浆NO浓度及NO/ET比值升高非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,清晨ET浓度下降显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而且睡眠期AHI及最低SPO2 亦降低非常显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,平均SPO2 下降显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,心肌TIB较治疗前明显减低 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :CPAP对OSAHS合并冠心病患者的血管内皮细胞功能损害和心肌缺血可起到明显的改善和保护作用。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆ET-1水平及血压的临床研究

目的 :探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)患者血浆内皮素 - 1(ET - 1)水平及血压的变化及意义。方法 :选择 2 5名中重度OSAHS患者及 2 5名正常人作对照。进行整夜睡眠多导生理记录仪 (PSG)监测 ,对确诊OSAHS者 ,第二夜施以nCPAP治疗 ,共 3d。分别于诊断和nCPAP治疗后晨起觉醒采血 ,正常对照也以相同方法采血 ,用放免法测定ET - 1并每日观察血压。结果 :①nCPAP治疗前 ,OSAHS患者平均动脉压 (MBP)、血浆ET - 1高于正常对照 (P <0 0 1) ;nCPAP治疗后 ,MBP、血浆ET- 1均降低 (P <0 0 1)。②ET - 1变化与MBP、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)、最低氧饱和度 (最低SaO2 )均明显相关。结论 :①睡眠窒息可引起血压升高及血浆ET- 1水平升高 ,经nCPAP治疗可以逆转。②ET -1的异常可能在OSAHS患者合并高血压中起一定的病理生理作用 ,早期使用nCPAP治疗可能降低心血管病的发生     

重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆一氧化氮与内皮素-1水平测定的意义

目的:探讨重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆一氧化氮(NO)与内皮素-1(ET-1)水平以及手术治疗对NO和ET-1水平的影响。方法:经睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)检查确诊为重度OSAHS患者29例,依据是否伴有高血压分为A组(合并有高血压)和B组(无高血压),均行多平面分期手术,另选择30例年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)等均相匹配的健康者作为对照组(C组)。采用固相夹心法酶联免疫吸附实验测定OSAHS患者术前、术后6个月血浆NO和ET-1水平,分析其与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)及最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)的相关性及术前、术后血浆NO和ET-1水平的变化。结果:A、B组血浆ET-1和ET-1/NO比值水平显著高于C组(P<0.05),且与AHI呈正相关(r=0.658,P<0.05),与LSaO2呈负相关(r=-0.543,P<0.05);NO显著低于对照组(P<0.05),29例OSAHS患者术后6个月血浆ET-1和ET-1/NO比值水平明显低于术前(P<0.05),而NO显著高于术前,且这种差异与BMI无关。结论:OSAHS患者存在血管内皮损伤,其中内皮功能失调在OSAHS合并高血压患者中更为明显;OSAHS患者血浆ET-1水平升高和NO水平下降,其原因可能与夜间反复多次发作呼吸暂停及低氧血症有关,有效的外科手术治疗可使血浆ET-1水平下降和NO水平升高。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停/低通气综合征患者血清瘦素水平监测及相关性分析

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 /低通气综合征 (OSAHS)患者血清瘦素水平的变化及其临床意义。　方法　 35例OSAHS患者和 30例健康人 (对照组 ) ,用多导睡眠呼吸监测仪进行夜间 7h睡眠监测 ,睡前及清晨测量血压 ,抽取静脉血放射免疫法测定血清瘦素水平。　结果　 (1)OSAHS组空腹血清瘦素水平显著高于对照组[(6 2 4± 1 5 1)ng/mL ,(4 4 1± 1 72 )ng/mL ,P <0 0 1]。平衡体质量指数 (BMI)后 ,差别仍有显著意义 [(6 0 3±1 6 2 )ng/mL ,(4 6 5± 1 34)ng/mL ,P <0 0 5 ]。 (2 )OSAHS组清晨舒张压显著高于睡前 [(89± 12 )mmHg ,(74±14 )mmHg ,P <0 0 1]。 (3)相关分析 ,血清瘦水平与睡眠呼吸暂停 /低通气指数 (AHI) (r =0 4 16 ,P <0 0 1)、体质量指数 (BMI) (r=0 2 93,P <0 0 5 )、SpO2 <90 %的时间 (r =0 385 ,P <0 0 1)呈正相关。对瘦素水平与其相关变量进行多因素逐步回归分析 ,入选变量依次为BMI、AHI、SpO2 <90 %的时间和DBP。　结论　OSAHS患者血清瘦素水平升高 ,且独立于肥胖因素 ,OSAHS本身是引起瘦素水平升高的原因。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压与微觉醒及低氧血症的相关性

目的探讨微觉醒和低氧血症与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者发生高血压的相关性及两者在发病机制中的地位。方法测定63例OSAHS、70例OSAHS合并高血压患者的清晨血压、睡眠构成比、微觉醒指数、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、血氧饱和度低于90％的时间（SLT90％）及氧减饱和度指数。并将OSAHS合并高血压患者的血压分别与年龄、性别、体块指数（BMI）、AHI、微觉醒指数、SLT90％、清醒时间、快动眼睡眠时间、1期睡眠时间、2期睡眠时间、深睡眠期时间（3＋4期）和氧减饱和度指数作多元线性回归分析。结果OSAHS合并高血压患者的SLT90％、氧减饱和度指数、微觉醒指数较OSAHS患者显著增加（均P〈0．05）。导致OSAHS患者合并高血压的第一重要因索为微觉醒指数（SBP：r=0．54。P〈0．01；DBP：r=0．42，P〈0．05）。第二重要因素为SLT90％（SBP：r=0．45,P〈0．05；DBP：r=0．35，P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS患者存在着明显的睡眠结构紊乱，合并发生高血压时，发病机制中首要的是微觉醒，其次是低氧血症。     

OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者血浆ET-1和血清NO测定及其与血糖和睡眠呼吸暂停指数的相关性分析

目的：探讨检测阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)并发2型糖尿病患者血清一氧化氮(NO)、血浆内皮素1(ET-1)与管内皮细胞功能失调的相关性,为临床进行血管内皮保护提供理论根据。方法： OSAHS患者42例,2型糖尿病患者38例,OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者32例,经多导睡眠监测系统(polysomnography,PSG)及空腹血糖检测确诊。所有入选者在睡眠监测结束,晨醒10 min内采取肘静脉血,检测血浆ET-1及血清NO。结果：OSAHS并发2型糖尿病组与OSAHS组和糖尿病组患者比较,血浆ET-1浓度升高(P<0.05),血清NO 浓度及NO/ET-1比值降低(P<0.05)。直线相关分析显示,糖尿病组患者血浆ET-1水平与血糖呈正相关(r=0.729,P<0.05),血清NO水平与血糖呈负相关(r=－0.586,P<0.05);OSAHS组患者血浆ET-1水平与睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AHI)呈正相关(r=0.820,P<0.05),血清NO水平与AHI呈负相关(r=－0.734,P<0.05)。结论：OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者与OSAHS患者和糖尿病患者比较,血浆ET-1浓度升高,血清NO 浓度、NO/ET-1比值降低,说明OSAHS并发2型糖尿病患者血管内皮受损程度更加严重。     

顽固性高血压与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征相关性研究

目的探讨顽固性高血压与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的相关性。方法选取2010年10月—2012年5月在珠江医院及深圳龙岗中心医院门诊及心内科住院的顽固性高血压患者355例为研究对象,均采用便携式多导睡眠仪行多导睡眠图(PSG)监测。合并OSAHS患者172例(48.4%),给予经鼻持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗,治疗8周。记录治疗前及OSAHS患者治疗后的低通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧浓度(LSaO2)、氧减饱和度指数、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)。结果 OSAHS组与非OSAHS组患者性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、SBP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组AHI、LSaO2、氧减饱和度指数、DBP比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。顽固性高血压合并OSAHS患者CPAP治疗后SBP、DBP、AHI、LSaO2、氧减饱和度指数与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 OSAHS是顽固性高血压常见合并疾病,此类患者AHI、LSaO2、氧减饱和度指数、DBP均较高,CPAP治疗可改善低氧状态,从而降低其血压及AHI、LSaO2、氧减饱和度指数。     

阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血管活性肠肽与睡眠质量的关系

为明确阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (OSAHS)患者清醒及不同睡眠期血中血管活性肠肽 (VIP)质量浓度与睡眠质量之间的关系 ,以 1 2例OSAHS患者为研究对象 ,在桡动脉内留置导管监测血压 ,同步进行夜间多导睡眠仪连续记录 ,并分别于睡前清醒时、非快动眼 (NREM)睡眠期、快动眼 (REM )睡眠期及清晨从桡动脉留置的导管内抽取血标本 ,采用放免分析法检测VIP。结果 :1 )睡前清醒时及清晨血VIP质量浓度与总睡眠时间和记录时间之比(TST/TRT ,睡眠效率 )成正相关 (r =0 .5 91 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与醒觉时间和记录时间之比 (Arousal/TRT)成负相关 (r =-0 .5 86,P <0 .0 5 ) ;以睡前清醒时作基础值 ,NREM期血VIP质量浓度的变化与快波睡眠和总睡眠时间之比 (Ⅰ +Ⅱ /TST)成负相关 (r=-0 .65 6,P <0 .0 5 ) ,与快动眼睡眠时间和总睡眠时间之比 (REM/TST)成正相关 (r =0 .70 5 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,REM期血VIP质量浓度的变化与REM/TST成正相关 (r=0 .60 9,P <0 .0 5 ) ;2 )OSAHS患者清醒与不同睡眠期血中VIP质量浓度与最长呼吸暂停时间和睡眠呼吸暂停指数 (AHI)成正相关 ,与血氧的有关指标无相关性。提示 :VIP可能参与OSAHS患者睡眠的调节     

不同呼吸暂停低通气指数高血压患者血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平分析

目的:探讨中青年2级高血压合并不同程度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的血清hs-CRP、IL-6浓度水平及其临床意义。方法:选取我院2015年11月—2017年11月就诊的中青年2级高血压患者152例,根据睡眠呼吸检测(PSG)诊断是否合并OSAHS及其睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)分为对照组(单纯性高血压组) 38例、A组(轻度OSAHS并高血压组,AHI 5～15次/h) 42例、B组(中度OSAHS并高血压组,AHI 15～30次/h) 37例、C组(重度OSAHS并高血压组,AHI> 30次/h) 35例,以免疫比浊法测定hs-CRP,ELISA法测定IL-6,比较分析各组的AHI、Low Sa O2、hs-CRP、IL-6及其关系。结果:(1) AHI在对照组、A、B、C组中表达按序依次升高,组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05); Low Sa O2则按序依次降低,组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。(2) hs-CRP、IL-6在对照组、A、B、C组中按序依次升高,组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。(3) Pearson相关分析显示hs-CRP、IL-6水平与AHI呈正相关(r=0. 545、0. 519,P <0. 05),与Low Sa O2呈负相关(r=-0. 635、-0. 637,P <0. 05)。结论:伴OSAHS的高血压患者的血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平较单纯高血压患者升高,且与OSAHS严重程度相关。     

OSAHS及合并高血压患者血浆中Ang Ⅱ和ET-1的临床研究

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstruotive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压(Hypertension)患者血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ(Angiotensin Ⅱ,Ang Ⅱ)和内皮素-1(plasma,ET-1)的变化.方法 将符合入选条件的中、重度OSAHS患者分为OSAHS并发高血压组、OSAHS血压正常组,另设正常对照组,每组30例,3组均行PSG监测.采用放射免疫法测定血浆中Ang Ⅱ和ET-1水平,并对比分析3组血浆中Ang Ⅱ和ET-1水平及其相关性,评价血浆中Ang Ⅱ和ET-1变化与检测价值.结果 OSAHS合并高血压与OSAHS血压正常组血清ET-1质量浓度(x±s下同)分别是(58.94±16.37)和(44.75±15.68)ng/L,明显高于正常对照组(33.89±20.12)ng/L(P＜0.01);同时OSAHS合并高血压组与OSAHS血压正常组之间比较血清ET-1质量浓度也明显增高(P＜0.05).两组患者血清ET-1水平与AHI呈明显的正相关(r＝0.334,P＜0.01).OSAHS及合并高血压患者血浆Ang Ⅱ和ET-1水平与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 OSAHS患者存在着明显的睡眠结构紊乱,但合并高血压者并没有特异性改变.ET-1可能在OSAHS合并高血压的发病中起一定作用.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…