汉黄芩苷的药理活性研究进展

综述汉黄芩苷的药理活性研究进展。汉黄芩苷是一种具有多种生物活性的黄酮类化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗菌、抗氧化、心血管保护、神经保护等多种药理活性作用,分析其作用机制为更加深入地开发利用汉黄芩苷提供了科学依据。     

醉茄的化学成分与药理作用

印度阿育吠陀传统草药醉茄有多种药理活性和治疗用途,主要化学成分为醉茄素类和糖蛋白,就近年来对醉茄提取物及其化学成分的抗肿瘤、调节免疫、保护神经、保护心血管等药理活性研究进行综述,并对今后研发方向进行展望。     

108醉茄的化学成分与药理作用

印度阿育吠陀传统草药醉茄有多种药理活性和治疗用途,主要化学成分为醉茄素类和糖蛋白,就近年来对醉茄提取物及其化学成分的抗肿瘤、调节免疫、保护神经、保护心血管等药理活性研究进行综述,并对今后研发方向进行展望.     

党参颗粒的质量标准研究

党参颗粒为桔梗科植物党参Codonopsispilosu-la(Franch.)Nannf.的干燥根制成,具有补中益气、健脾益肺的功效,用于脾肺虚弱、气短心悸、食少便溏、虚喘咳嗽、内热消渴等症,是临床常用的补益药[1]。党参中主要有多糖、聚乙炔醇、甾醇类、三萜类、苯丙素苷类、生物碱、内酯类、酚酸、黄酮等多种化学成分[2]。现代药理研究表明党参有免疫增强作用,同时具有一定的双向调节作用,对胃黏膜损伤具有保护作用,对记忆障碍有改善作用,具有对心血管和血液系统的作用、抗衰老作用、抗应激作用等。《中国药典》2005年版一部“党参”项下仅有薄层鉴别,缺少…     

小檗碱的神经保护作用及其相关机制的研究进展

小檗碱,又称黄连素,是中药黄连的主要成分。现代药理研究表明,小檗碱具有抗菌、抗炎、降血糖、治疗心血管系统疾病,抗肿瘤等多种作用。近年来,关于小檗碱的神经保护作用的研究越来越多,作为一种多靶点治疗的药物,小檗碱对脑缺血、阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化、帕金森病等多种神经损伤动物/细胞损伤模型均有保护作用,涉及抗神经炎症、抗氧化应激、抗凋亡、调节神经递质的多种机制。本文综述近年来小檗碱神经保护作用的相关研究及其分子机制,提出小檗碱作为神经保护药物的可能,希望对临床有一定的指导作用。     

酸枣仁汤的神经药理作用及分子机制研究进展

酸枣仁汤为养血安神经典古方,具有镇静催眠、抗抑郁、抗焦虑等多种作用于中枢神经系统的药理活性。对近几年酸枣仁汤的镇静催眠、脑保护、改善学习记忆、改善睡眠时相结构、抗抑郁等神经药理作用及分子机制研究成果进行综述,以期为酸枣仁汤的临床应用及进一步研究提供参考。     

莫诺苷的药理药效作用研究进展

从神经保护、降低血液黏度、抗凝血、抗血小板聚集、保护内皮细胞和心肌细胞、抑制黑素形成、促进骨折愈合、抗糖尿病肾病等方面综述了莫诺苷的药理药效作用。通过归纳梳理其机制研究,推测莫诺苷为一种具有心肌细胞和神经保护作用的新型单体化合物。参考文献30篇。     

肉苁蓉多糖类成分药理作用研究进展

肉苁蓉是一种含有多种化学成分的传统补益中药,其中多糖是其主要活性成分之一。现代的药理研究表明,肉苁蓉多糖具有调节免疫活性、抗衰老、改善学习记忆能力、保护神经、抗肝损伤、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、影响肠道菌群等诸多药理作用,广泛应用于临床和保健类食品方面。此外,由于肉苁蓉多糖的组成多样性,对其生物活性也有一定影响。故该文综述了肉苁蓉多糖的药理作用,以期为相关研究和临床应用提供参考。     

雷公藤内酯醇及其衍生物的神经保护作用及机制

雷公藤是我国的传统中药,雷公藤内酯醇是雷公藤提取物中具有抗炎和免疫调节活性功能的主要成分。近年来,大量证据表明,雷公藤内酯醇及其衍生物(雷公藤氯内酯醇和5-羟雷公藤内酯醇)对帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、多发性硬化等神经变性疾病具有明确的神经保护作用。现代药理学研究表明,雷公藤内酯醇及其衍生物的神经保护作用机制与其抑制小胶质细胞活化及炎性反应因子释放、抑制氧化应激、拮抗兴奋性氨基酸毒性、抑制钙超载以及促进神经营养因子的合成有关。进一步的研究表明,雷公藤内酯醇及其衍生物主要通过影响MAPKs和NF-κB信号转导通路发挥神经保护作用。     

环黄芪醇的药理作用研究进展

环黄芪醇作为黄芪中一种极具药用价值的次生代谢产物,对心血管疾病、脑卒中、脂肪肝、腹主动脉瘤等疾病均有保护作用,可激活端粒酶、调节免疫力、促进伤口愈合及毛发生长等。但目前对于环黄芪醇的药理作用研究还存在一些问题:①相关体外实验发现环黄芪醇在一定浓度下具有细胞毒性作用,提示环黄芪醇并非绝对安全,其对细胞的毒性作用尚需深入研究,同时在动物体内的安全性还需进一步验证;②对于环黄芪醇的研究多局限于激活端粒酶这一作用靶点,虽使其在相关保健产品开发中存在优势,但一定程度上限制了对其更深层次和更广范围的研究,目前虽已有环黄芪醇对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP activiated protein kinase,AMPK)通路、法尼醇X受体(famesoid X receptor,FXR)转录因子和沉默信息调节蛋白(silent mating type information regulation,SIRT1)蛋白调节作用的探讨,为其药理作用靶点做了一定的补充,但仍缺乏相关的药理活性和作用机制研究。尽管对环黄芪醇的药理作用研究还存在一些问题,但不可否认其药用价值,今后需进一步加强其对心脏纤维化、充血性心力衰竭和心律失常等疾病的保护作用研究,以及对于改善心血管疾病风险指标、调节内皮细胞稳态作用的理论和实验研究,以更好地应用于临床。同时,充分挖掘环黄芪醇在治疗脑缺血和精神类疾病方面的潜力,将其对脑部神经血管疾病的作用作为未来研究的一个新方向。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.