Description and Factors Affecting the Referral of Presumptive Tuberculosis Patients in China

To describe and analyze the factors affecting the referral of presumptive tuberculosis patients between health-care facilities that are not affiliated with the National TB Control Program (NTP) and NTP-designated medical facilities in China, we carried out a retrospective study based on data collected in the Tuberculosis Information Management System in 2015. Out of 324,221 presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases reported by non-NTP health-care facilities, 302,006 (93.1%) reported cases successfully arrived at designated medical facilities and 22,215 cases (6.9%) were lost to follow-up.     

Schistosomiasis in China: acute infections during 2005–2008

Background Significant progress has taken place over the past 50 years in the control of schistosomiasis japonica in China. However, the available data suggested that schistosomiasis has re-emerged shortly after the World Bank Loan Project which was conducted from 1992 to 2001. The national control program with a revised strategy to control schistosomiasis by using integrated measures has been implemented since 2005. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the national program on schistosomiasis control from 2005 to 2008.
Methods A retrospective study was carried out to analyze the epidemic patterns of acute infections with Schistosoma japonicum （S. japonicum）, based on the number of acute cases annually collected from the web-based national communicable diseases reporting system from 2005 to 2008.
Results A total of 564, 207, 83 and 57 acute cases infected with S. japonicum were reported nationwide in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, with an average annual reduction rate of 46.35% during last four years. Six outbreaks of acute infection with S. japonicurn were reported in 2005 but none in the period of 2006 to 2008. All acute cases that were reported mainly came from the lake regions and became infected during the higher risk periods from the 27th to 43rd weeks of the year. Most of these cases are students （44.87%）, farmers （31.51 %） and fishermen （7.79%） who got the infection by water contact mainly through swimming （41.49%） and production activities （40.25%）. With time, the proportion of imported cases among all acute cases increased due to more frequent movement of people that has occurred with a more mobile population.
Conclusions The national control program on schistosomiasis aliened with the revised control strategy has been effectively brought into effect. However, there is still a significant risk of infection among students, farmers and fishermen living in the lake regions. Therefore, it is important to strengthen control measures among risk populations in the high risk areas of transmission, or the lake regions.     

The Effects of Secondary Pneumonia on the Curative Efficacy of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

正Tuberculosis(TB)is a formidable global health problem and ranks above HIV as the leading cause of death world wide.In2017,a total number of 10.0 million cases of TB were reported, which resulted in1.3 million TB deaths. Resistance to standard anti-TB     

Trends in Suicide by Poisoning in China 2000-2006： Age, Gender, Method, and Geography

Objective This study analyzed patterns of suicide and suicide attempts by poisoning as reported through a national poison control system for the purpose of improving intervention and prevention. Methods During the period of 2000 to 2006, 6440 cases of poisoning suicide were reported to the telephone consultation service system of The National Center for Poisoning Control （Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention）. Among these records, 4728 cases had completed data for this analysis in terms of age, sex, trend of time and location, and type of poisons. Results There were 60.6% female cases with the age from 10 to 90 years old. The age of cases from 20 to 39 years accounted for 54.5% of all age groups. Both the numbers and percentage in record related to poisoning consultation of oral poisoning suicide showed an increasing tendency during the 7 years. In particular, there was a drastic increase from 2004 to 2006. In addition, the high frequency of cases occurred from May to October. Hebei, Shandong, Henan, and Anhui Provinces had the highest number of cases. Pesticide poisonings were the most common method in these cases of consultation for suicide and suicide attempts. Conclusion This study describes epidemiological characteristics in the oral poisoning suicide cases and provides scientific basis for suicide prevention interventions.     

Risk of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis: A Case-control Study in China

The aim of this study was to estimate the association between occupational, environmental, behavioral risk factors, and active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients. A matched case-control study was conducted in 86 CWP patients with active PTB and 86 CWP controls without TB. A standardized questionnaire was used for risk factors assessment. Conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to identify associations between the risk factors and active PTB among CWP patients. The results showed that the stage of CWP, poor workplace ventilation, family history of TB, and exposure to TB were independent risk factors for active PTB in patients with CWP with which recommendations for improving work environments, and for case finding activities in patients with CWP could be made.     

Diabetes Insipidus in Association with Post-partum Hypopituitarism

A case of post-partum hypopituitarism with diabetes insipidus is described. This condition is extremely rare and not many cases have been reported in the literature. The insufficiency of the posterior lobe of the pituitary is proved by the absence of normal physiologic response to intravenously administered hypertonic saline solution and the nice efficient response to the administration of exogenous vasopressin. The pitfalls in diagnosis and the masking of symptoms caused by concomitant glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone insufficiency are briefly discussed.     

TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE KIDNEY A REPORT OF 4 CASES

Traumatic injuries of the kidney have often been reported in foreign literature. Connell(I) in igio found 841 cases from a rather extensive review of literature. Bugbee (2) in 1916 reported over工,ioo cases of trauma of the kidney and the ureter with his personal collection of 8 cases. Fullerton (3) noted 42 cases of renal injuries from gun-shot wounds in 1917 and Duglce and Harrah (4) reported ii cases of rup- tured kidney several years ago. Keller (5) found 43 cases of renal injuries from 83,000 srugical admissions to the Copenhagen City Hos- pital showing an incidence of 0.05 per cent. Morris (6) reported g cases of renal ruptures among 9,500 surgical admissions, an incidence of o.og per cent. In the surgical record of Johns Hopkins Hospital, there were 25 cases of renal injuries. In China, however, only Lowe (7) reported an isolated case of the traumatic injury of the kidney in 1925. From the surgical record of the Chinese Red Cross General Hospital, we are able to collect 4 similar cases among 2,261 admk- sions in the years of 1932 and 1933, an incidence of 0.17 per cent. On account of the rarity of the cases reported, these 4 cases are now presented below:-     

海口市2010—2020年输入性登革热流行病学特征

Objective This study intends to understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever in Haikou city from 2010 to 2020, we provide references for dengue fever prevention and control in Haikou city. Methods The epidemiological investigation and laboratory nucleic acid test data of dengue fever cases in Haikou City from 2010 to 2020 were collected, and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 software, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever cases. Results A total of 72 cases of imported dengue fever were reported in Haikou City from 2010 to 2020, 53 cases were imported from abroad (73.61%) and 19 cases were imported domestically (26.39%), all of which were mild. The number of imported cases from 2017 to 2019 increased by 1 321.68% compared with the average annual imported cases from 2010 to 2016. The cases were concentrated in the main urban area (97.22%), distributed in the streets in the main urban area. The peak of case imported occurred in August-November,in addition, the domestic imported cases were concentrated in September-October. The ratio of male to female was 2.27∶1, and the average age was (34.93 ±1.55) years old. Working, doing business and visiting relatives accounted for 84.22% in China. Overseas workers, business and tourism accounted for 77.78%. There was a significant difference in the reasons for going out between domestic and overseas imported cases (χ2=75.10,P< 0.05). Among the imported sources, Southeast Asia accounted for 94.34% of overseas imported cases, and Guangdong Province accounted for 57.89% of domestic imported cases. The median of onset to diagnosis was 3 days, the first diagnosis rate was 77.78% (56/72), and the screening rate of people who have been infected before entering the country was 28.57%. Most of the dengue viruses infected were type I and type II, accounted for 84.72%. Conclusion The imported cases of dengue fever in Haikou city have gradually changed from scattered occurrence to rapid growth; we should strengthen the publicity and education of dengue fever among migrant workers, businessmen, tourists and relatives in the main urban area of Haikou City, and improve the awareness of disease prevention and medical treatment, strengthen quarantine inspection and medical examination of entry personnel from Southeast Asian countries as well as dengue fever diagnosis and treatment training in grass-roots medical institutions, which can effectively reduce the risk of local transmission caused by imported dengue fever cases. © 2021 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All right reserved.     

Estimation of burden of disease for smear-positive pulmonary TB and its infectivity

The study investigated the hurden of smear-positive pulmonary TB and its infectivity,using DALY)Disability-Adjusted Life Year)as an indicator.An assumed cohort of 2000 cases was set up based on the age-specific incidence of 794 newly registered smear positive cases of TB in Beijing in 1994,Prognostic trees and model diagrams of infectivity under natural histroy and DOTS(Direct Observed Treatment,Short-course)strategy were established according to the epidemioloical evidence,The results show that 29.6%of DALYs would be neglected if the burden caused by the infectivity was not considered.The results also show that DOTS strategy may reduce 97.3% of the number of potential cases infected,92.9% of DALYs related to TBpatients themselves,and 99.9% of DALYs caused by TB‘s infectivity as well.     

A further study on capillary-like bile ductules proliferation in chronic active hepatitis.

64 cases of chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 84 cases of non-CAH liver diseases were studied with keratin stain. The capillary-like bile ductules (CLBD) were proliferating and their morphology was identical to that with Type V collagen stain reported before. CLBD proliferation were more marked in CAH than in other liver diseases, and it was considered to be one of the characteristics of CAH and could be used for differential diagnosis. The ultrastructure of CLBD was specific in morphology. The HBV-DNA in CLBD shown by the technique of in situ hybridization suggested that HBV might infect the cells of CLBD.

     

Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis in China: Analysis of 64 cases and a review of literature

Primary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare pulmonary disease.A systematic review was performed on 64 cases of primary TBA in China and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease is discussed.The Chinese biological and medical databases from 1970 to 2010 were searched and 75 cases of complete clinical and pathological data were identified.The clinical characteristics of the disease were summarized and longitudinal comparisons were made of diagnostic and treatment methods over time.The results showed that the morbidity associated with primary TBA has increased over recent years.The clinical manifestations were non-specific.Progressive dyspnea, cough and sputum were the most common symptoms.The percentage of patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) scan has increased over the years.The bronchoscopy and transbrochial lung biopsy (TBLB) were usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis.Treatment was reported for a total of 44 cases.Bronchoscopic Nd:YAG laser irradiation, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and drugs administration such as steroids and colchicines were reported to be effective in some patients.It is concluded that the demographic characteristics and clinical manifestations of primary TBA patients in China are largely consistent with findings reported in other countries.Dramatically more cases were reported in recent years, mainly due to the extensive application of bronchoscopy since 1990s.Chest CT scan provides important clues for the diagnosis of the disease.The definite diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoscopic findings and Congo red staining of biopsy specimen.Bronchoscopic Nd:YAG laser irradiation, argon plasma coagulation (APC) and drugs administration, such as steroids and colchicines were reported to be effective in some patients.     

Intraspinal endometriosis: a case report

Endometriosis (EM) is defined by the presence of tissue histologically and functionally similar to the endometrium outside the uterus. EM has been mostly reported in the pelvis. Intraspinal endometriosis (IEM) is so rare that only four cases have been reported in the literature, to our knowledge.1-4 Two years ago, a patient was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Lanzhou Medical College and was treated successfully (with 2 years of follow-up).     

A further study on liver alveolar echinococcosis. Report of 70 cases.

Thirteen years ago, liver alveolar echinococcosis (LAE) in the Northwest of China was reported by the first author. In 1993, 70 cases of LAE were diagnosed at Lanzhou Hydatid Research Laboratory of Lanzhou Medical College. In order to sum up the present and previous experiences, clinical and pathological analyses of the 70 cases were made and the factors related to the prognosis of the patients were discussed.     

Lymphangiomyomatosis

Lymphangiomyomatosis(LAM)is a progressive disease affecting women of childbearing age.It is microscopically characterized by abnormal smooth muscle proliferation that causes gradual obstruction of small airways,lymphatics and vasculature.The proliferation eventually results in a characteristic clinical syndrome of progressive dyspnea,recurrent pneumothorax,chylous effusion and hemoptysis.The first cases of LAM were reported by Von Stosse1 in 1937.Comog and Enterline2 first recognized lAM as a distinct syndrome in 1966.Less than 200 cases of LAM have been reported thus far,of which 6 cases have been reported in China,to our knowledge.LAM is a rare disease unfamiliar to many physicians,and it may pose a diagnostic dilemma for the primary physician,possibly resulting in delayed or missed diagnosis,unnecessary surgical intervention,and inappropriate therapy.This study investigates the clinical,radiographic,pathological and therapeutic features of 2 LAM cases and reviews the literature on LAM.     

A MYCOLOGICAL STUDY OF A CASE OF OTOMYCOSIS

Since Schwartze(I) first reported a case of otitis externa as being caused by aspergillus, various kinds of fungus have been found to cause aural disease. Sporothrix was isolated from the external ear by Bahre and Hansen(2) and streptothrix by Martin (3) Cann and Hollis (4) demonstrated the presence of actinomyces in a case of external otitis and Chisolm (5) and Gill (6) found several strains of mucor, aspergillus and penicillium in a series of cases of ear infections. According t。 Hatch(7) and Fort (8) otomycosis is rather common in the tropics, espe- cially in India and southern Florida. On the European continent, re- ports of the disease are infrequently seen, and in China there has not been a single case reported.     

江苏省“十三五”期间学校结核病防控工作实施情况

Objective To investigate the construction of tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control system in schools in Jiangsu Province and the implementation of routine measures for TB prevention and control, and to provide evidence for further improvement of strategy of school TB control and prevention. Methods With the method of typical sampling, 36 middle schools and 6 universities were selected from 3 cities of Jiangsu Province. A survey was carried out for TB prevention and control in schools with the unified form. Results All schools had established school responsibility system for tuberculosis prevention and control. All schools equipped with health care workers. In 2015, 64.60% of middle school students, 54.15% of high school students and 85.66% of college students were screened for tuberculosis. In 2020, the tuberculosis screening rate rised to 100.00% for middle school students, 98.67% for high school students and 100.00% for university, which showing an increasing trend year by year, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=8 993.22,9 594.33,10 431.92,P<0.001 ）. Tuberculin skin test (TST) was carried out in only 2 boarding middle and high schools in 2015 to 2020, showing an increasing trend year by year, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=34.55,27.67,P<0.001).From 2015 to 2020, 38 002, 33 507, 42 376, 50 418, 58 235 and 66 006 freshmen were screened for TB with 17 patients were found, and the number of diagnosed TB patients was 0, 1, 3, 6, 2 and 5, respectively in each year. Conclusions The overall situation of TB prevention and control in school was good in Jiangsu Province. The screening rate for TB among freshmen in 2020 was significantly higher than that in 2015. We should still strengthen the building of health professionals and implement prevention and control measures to control the transmission of TB in schools. © 2022 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control. All rights reserved.     

Guillain-Barre syndrome in six cities and provinces of northern China: is it a new entity?

Forty cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome were reported, (GBS) which came from the regions where "Chinese Paralytic Syndrome" and "Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)" were presented before. A study on their clinical, electrophysioiogical and pathological features was conducted, records on 3733 GBS cases reported in northern China from 1978 to 1992 were reviewed and compared with cases of "acute rooter axonal nouropathy" . The results showed that the clinical, electrophysiological and pathological features of GBS in north China are similar to those of typical GBS cases in western countries, though there seemed to be some special epidemiologicai features in age, seasonal and regional distribution. It was concluded that the GBS in northern China is demyefinating GBS dominantly, not a new entity.     

Factors Associated with Diagnostic Delay of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China

Tuberculosis(TB)remains a major public health threat;approximately 10 million new TB cases are recorded worldwide,and more than 1.2 million deaths were caused by TB in 2019[1].The diagnostic delay presents a major obstacle to the control of the TB epidemic.     

202 CASES OF HEADACHE TREATED WITH ELECTRO-ACUPUNCTURE

During 1987--1992, we treated 202cases of headache by electro--acupuncturewith good results as reported in the follow-ing.Clinical DataThe 202 cases of headache comprised112 males and 90 females aged 8--72 years,of whom the majority 97 cases (48%) werein an age range of 20~ --42 years. The dura-tion of disease had been from 5 days to 30years, and the location of pain was in the