海口市2010—2020年输入性登革热流行病学特征

目的 了解2010—2020年海口市输入性登革热流行病学特征,为海口市登革热防控提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2010—2020年海口市登革热病例流行病学调查和实验室核酸检测资料,应用 Excel 2010 和 SPSS 20.0 软件整理数据和分析,描述输入性登革热病例的流行病学特征。结果 2010—2020年海口市共报告输入性登革热确诊病例72例,其中境外输入53例（73.61%）,国内输入19例（26.39%）,均为轻症;2017—2019年较2010—2016年年均输入病例数增长了 1 321.68%;病例集中在主城区（97.22%）,主要分布在主城区街道;病例输入高峰出现在8—11月,其中国内输入病例集中在9—10月;男女比为2.27∶1,平均年龄（34.93±1.55）岁;国内输入病例以务工、经商和探亲为主（84.22%）,境外输入病例以务工、经商和旅游为主（77.78%）,国内与境外输入病例外出原因的差异有统计学意义（χ²=75.10,P<0.05）;输入来源中,东南亚占境外输入病例数的94.34%,广东省占国内输入病例数的57.89%;发病到诊断时间间隔的中位数为3 d,首诊诊断率为77.78%（56/72）,入境前已发病人群的排查率为28.57%;感染的登革病毒以Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型居多,为84.72%。结论 海口市输入性登革热病例由散在发生逐步转向快速增长;强化海口市主城区外出务工、经商、旅游和探亲人员的登革热宣传教育,提高防病和就诊意识,加强对东南亚国家入境人员的检验检疫和医学排查以及对基层医疗机构登革热诊疗培训,可有效减少输入性登革热病例引发的本地传播风险。

Epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever in Haikou, 2010-2020

Objective This study intends to understand the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever in Haikou city from 2010 to 2020, we provide references for dengue fever prevention and control in Haikou city. Methods The epidemiological investigation and laboratory nucleic acid test data of dengue fever cases in Haikou City from 2010 to 2020 were collected, and analyzed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 20.0 software, to describe the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever cases. Results A total of 72 cases of imported dengue fever were reported in Haikou City from 2010 to 2020, 53 cases were imported from abroad (73.61%) and 19 cases were imported domestically (26.39%), all of which were mild. The number of imported cases from 2017 to 2019 increased by 1 321.68% compared with the average annual imported cases from 2010 to 2016. The cases were concentrated in the main urban area (97.22%), distributed in the streets in the main urban area. The peak of case imported occurred in August-November, in addition, the domestic imported cases were concentrated in September-October. The ratio of male to female was 2.27∶1, and the average age was (34.93 ±1.55) years old. Working, doing business and visiting relatives accounted for 84.22% in China. Overseas workers, business and tourism accounted for 77.78%. There was a significant difference in the reasons for going out between domestic and overseas imported cases (χ²=75.10,P<0.05). Among the imported sources, Southeast Asia accounted for 94.34% of overseas imported cases, and Guangdong Province accounted for 57.89% of domestic imported cases. The median of onset to diagnosis was 3 days, the first diagnosis rate was 77.78% (56/72), and the screening rate of people who have been infected before entering the country was 28.57%. Most of the dengue viruses infected were type I and type II, accounted for 84.72%. Conclusion The imported cases of dengue fever in Haikou city have gradually changed from scattered occurrence to rapid growth; we should strengthen the publicity and education of dengue fever among migrant workers, businessmen, tourists and relatives in the main urban area of Haikou City, and improve the awareness of disease prevention and medical treatment, strengthen quarantine inspection and medical examination of entry personnel from Southeast Asian countries as well as dengue fever diagnosis and treatment training in grass-roots medical institutions, which can effectively reduce the risk of local transmission caused by imported dengue fever cases.