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1.
American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) individuals are diverse culturally and geographically but share a high prevalence of chronic illness, largely because of obstacles to high-quality health care. The authors comprehensively examined cancer incidence and mortality among non-Hispanic AIAN individuals, compared with non-Hispanic White individuals for context, using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Overall cancer rates among AIAN individuals were 2% higher than among White individuals for incidence (2014 through 2018, confined to Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties to reduce racial misclassification) but 18% higher for mortality (2015 through 2019). However, disparities varied widely by cancer type and geographic region. For example, breast and prostate cancer mortality rates are 8% and 31% higher, respectively, in AIAN individuals than in White individuals despite lower incidence and the availability of early detection tests for these cancers. The burden among AIAN individuals is highest for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), for kidney cancer, and for colorectal cancer among indigenous Alaskans (91.3 vs. 35.5 cases per 100,000 for White Alaskans), who have the highest rates in the world. Steep increases for early onset colorectal cancer, from 18.8 cases per 100,000 Native Alaskans aged 20–49 years during 1998 through 2002 to 34.8 cases per 100,000 during 2014 through 2018, exacerbated this disparity. Death rates for infection-related cancers (liver, stomach, and cervix), as well as kidney cancer, were approximately two-fold higher among AIAN individuals compared with White individuals. These findings highlight the need for more effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of chronic oncogenic infections and improve access to high-quality cancer screening and treatment for AIAN individuals. Mitigating the disparate burden will require expanded financial support of tribal health care as well as increased collaboration and engagement with this marginalized population.  相似文献   
2.
The analysis of mismatch repair proteins in solid tissue is the standard of care (SoC) for the microsatellite instability (MSI) characterization in endometrial cancer (EC). Uterine aspirates (UAs) or circulating-DNA (cfDNA) samples capture the intratumor heterogeneity and provide a more comprehensive and dynamic molecular diagnosis. Thus, MSI analysis by droplet-digital PCR (ddPCR) in UAs and cfDNA can provide a reliable tool to characterize and follow-up the disease. The UAs, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue (FFPE) and longitudinal plasma samples from a cohort of 90 EC patients were analyzed using ddPCR panel and compared to the SoC. A high concordance (96.67%) was obtained between the analysis of MSI markers in UAs and the SoC. Three discordant cases were validated as unstable by ddPCR on FFPE samples. Besides, a good overall concordance (70.27%) was obtained when comparing the performance of the ddPCR assay on UAs and cfDNA in high-risk tumors. Importantly, our results also evidenced the value of MSI analysis to monitor the disease evolution. MSI evaluation in minimally invasive samples shows great accuracy and sensitivity and provides a valuable tool for the molecular characterization and follow-up of endometrial tumors, opening new opportunities for personalized management of EC.  相似文献   
3.
Spindler  L.  Alam  A.  Fathallah  N.  Rentien  A.-L.  Draullette  M.  Pommaret  E.  Thierry  M.-L.  Mituialy  A. El  Abbes  L.  Aubert  M.  Benfredj  P.  Far  E. Safa  Beaussier  H.  de Parades  V. 《Techniques in coloproctology》2022,26(2):143-146
Techniques in Coloproctology - The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of sinus laser therapy (SiLaT) for the treatment of pilonidal disease. All adult patients treated with SiLaT in our...  相似文献   
4.
临床上子宫切除术为妇科常见手术,包括开腹子宫切除术、腹腔镜下子宫切除术和经阴道子宫切除术。临床书写手术名称与ICD手术编码有所区别,并不能完全反应出编码所需的要素。编码时容易错编和漏编。根据ICD-9-CM-3手术分类规则,子宫切除术的手术编码以手术入路、术式、手术切除范围等方面为轴心进行分类,分别为经腹子宫次全切除术68.3、经腹子宫全部切除术68.4、经阴道子宫切除术68.5、经腹根治性子宫切除术68.6和经阴道根治性子宫切除术68.7等术式。实际工作中,编码员应准确掌握手术编码的分类轴心,应结合不同案例分析,阅读手术记录明确了手术的入路、术式、手术切除范围等相关信息,尤其是手术的切除范围、是否伴有临近器官的切除和是否伴有淋巴结的清扫等,从而提高子宫切除术编码的准确性与完整性。  相似文献   
5.
目的:分析2016-2020年云南省药品包装材料产品质量监督抽验情况,掌握辖区内药包材的质量状况,为未来监管工作提供参考。方法:对云南省2016-2020年药包材监督抽验数据进行分析。结果与结论:目前药包材质量总体稳定。监督抽验可以有效督促生产企业加强药包材质量控制,特别是药包材关联审评审批制度实施后,更能有效防控质量风险。  相似文献   
6.
7.
目的 研究内镜超声检查术(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)判断早期胃癌浸润深度的准确性及影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月—2020年8月于北京友谊医院就诊、行EUS且EUS分期为T1的早期胃癌患者的资料。比较EUS与术后病理浸润深度的一致性,计算EUS判断早期胃癌浸润深度的准确率、灵敏度及特异度,并探究影响EUS准确性的相关因素。单因素及多因素分析均采用Logistic回归模型。结果 共纳入380处病变,EUS发现黏膜内(T1a)病变301处,黏膜下层(T1b)病变79处;术后病理实际浸润深度为T1a病变320处,T1b病变60处。EUS判断早期胃癌浸润深度的准确率为77.1%(293/380),灵敏度为83.4%(267/320),特异度为43.3%(26/60)。多因素分析提示,病变位于胃上1/3部(OR=2.272,95%CI:1.266~4.080,P=0.006)、病变长径≥20 mm(OR=2.013,95%CI:1.200~3.377,P=0.008)及低分化癌(OR=2.090,95%CI:1.018~4.294,P=0.045)是影响EUS分期准确性的独立危险因素。低分化癌(OR=4.046,95%CI:1.737~9.425,P=0.001)是EUS过度分期的危险因素。结论 EUS对于早期胃癌浸润深度的判断具有一定的临床应用价值,影响EUS分期准确性的因素包括病变位于胃上1/3部、病变长径≥20 mm及低分化癌,其中低分化癌是EUS过度分期的危险因素。  相似文献   
8.
目的 构建miRNA-mRNA调控网络,为探索精神分裂症的分子遗传学发病机制研究提供新的思路。方法 于2021年7月在GEO数据库下载精神分裂症外周血miRNA(GSE54578)和死后大脑扣带回mRNA(GSE145554)微阵列数据集,利用GEO2R获取差异表达的miRNA和mRNA,筛选具有靶向mRNA的差异表达miRNA并预测其上游潜在的转录因子;然后,将差异表达miRNA所靶向mRNA与GSE145554数据集所获取的差异表达mRNA取交集基因;最后,对交集基因实施GO和KEGG通路富集分析以揭示它们的生物学功能,构建交集基因PPI网络和miRNA-mRNA调控网络。结果 GSE54578共识别出8个上调且具有靶向mRNA的差异表达miRNA,差异表达miRNA共预测出转录因子10个;GSE145554识别出247个下调的差异表达mRNA,取交集基因后筛选出17个目标mRNA;GO分析显示,目标mRNA主要参与星形胶质细胞的分化与发育等,KEGG通路富集分析显示,目标mRNA主要参与Rap1和Ras信号传导通路等,PPI网络分析显示,mRNA(KRAS和CD28)可能是精神分裂症的关键基因。结论 基于GEO数据库并整合生物信息学不仅能识别精神分裂症的潜在易感基因,并有助于构建精神分裂症miRNA-mRNA调控网络。  相似文献   
9.
10.

Background

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a critical aspect to consider when making treatment decisions for patients with non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL). This international study by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) tested the psychometric properties of two newly developed measures for patients with high-grade (HG)- and low-grade (LG)-NHL: the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and the EORTC QLQ-NHL-LG20 to supplement the core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30).

Methods

Overall, 768 patients with HG-NHL (N = 423) and LG-NHL (N = 345) from 12 countries completed the QLQ-C30, QLQ-NHL-HG29/QLQ-NHL-LG20 and a debriefing questionnaire at baseline, and a subset at follow-up for either retest (N = 125/124) or responsiveness to change (RCA; N = 98/49).

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable to good fit of the 29 items of the QLQ-NHL-HG29 on its five scales (symptom burden [SB], neuropathy, physical condition/fatigue [PF], emotional impact [EI], and worries about health/functioning [WH]), and of the 20 items of the QLQ-NHL-LG20 on its four scales (SB, PF, EI, and WH). Completion took on average 10 minutes. Test–retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group comparisons, and RCA find satisfactory results of both measures. A total of 31%–78% of patients with HG-NHL and 22%–73% of patients with LG-NHL reported symptoms and/or worries (e.g., tingling in hands/feet, lack of energy, and worries about recurrence). Patients reporting symptoms/worries had substantially lower HRQOL compared to those without.

Discussion

The use of the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20 questionnaires in clinical research and practice will provide clinically relevant data to better inform treatment decision-making.

Plain language summary

  • The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group developed two questionnaires.
  • These questionnaires measure health-related quality of life.
  • The questionnaires are for patients with high-grade or low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • They are called the EORTC QLQ-NHL-HG29 and QLQ-NHL-LG20.
  • The questionnaires are now internationally validated.
  • This study demonstrates that the questionnaires are reliably and valid, which are important aspects of a questionnaire.
  • The questionnaires can now be used in clinical trials and practice.
  • With the information gathered from the questionnaires, patients and clinicians can better evaluate treatments and discuss the best choice for a patient.
  相似文献   
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