环肺静脉加辅助径线消融治疗持续性和永久性心房颤动

目的 评估环肺静脉加辅助径线消融治疗持续性和永久性心房颤动(房颤)的有效性和安全性,分析房颤消融后复发的危险因素.方法 通过多中心临床注册研究的方式收集全国2006年1月至2006年12月期间行环肺静脉加辅助径线消融治疗持续性和永久性房颤的127例病例资料,分析环肺静脉加辅助径线消融治疗持续性和永久性房颤的成功率和复发率,对心脏功能和房性心律失常的影响,以及并发症发生情况.将临床和超声影像学指标作为待选变量,探讨消融后房颤复发的危险凶素.结果 在平均(94±4)个月随访期间,成功率为68.5%,复发率为31.5%.消融成功的患者术后左心房内径[(41±8)mm vs(43±7)mm]、左心室舒张末期直径[(49±7)mm vs(48±6)mm]和左心室射血分数[(61±8)%vs(62±10)%]较术前无明显改变(均P>0.05).消融后房性心动过速和房性早搏有所增加(P<0.05和P<0.01).消融并发症为皮下血肿3例(2.4%).与复发相关的危险因素有女性(P<0.05)和左心房增大(P<0.05).结论 环肺静脉加辅助径线消融治疗持续性和永久性心房颤动安全性好,具有较好的有效性.     

血浆NT—pro-BNP和左房内径对房颤导管射频消融术后复发的评估价值

目的：探讨术前血浆NT-pro-BNP和术前超声心动图左房内径对环肺静脉消融术治疗房颤术后复发的相关性,以提高房颤射频消融手术的成功率。方法70例行环肺静脉消融术的房颤患者,在术前检测血浆NT-pro-BNP,经胸超声心动图测量左房内径,经食道超声心动图了解有无左房内血栓形成。15例有左房内血栓形成者未行环肺静脉消融术,余下55例均成功行环肺静脉消融术。术后随诊,每月复查心电图,动态心电图了解有无房颤的复发。3月后仍有房颤发生则认为手术失败。成功组39例、失败组16例。结果69%患者NT-pro-BNP高于正常范围。消融失败组NT-pro-BNP明显高于成功组,失败组左房内径明显大于成功组。结论对于NT-pro-BNP明显增高且左房内径又明显增大者行环肺静脉消融术治疗房颤则复发的可能性明显增加,可将术前NT-pro-BNP及左房内径作为房颤术前筛选患者的参考指标。     

导管射频消融术对房颤患者左心房结构的影响

目的评价导管射频消融术对心房颤动(AF,房颤)患者左心房结构的影响。方法 43例房颤患者接受治疗,其中阵发性房颤32例,持续性房颤11例。8例行肺静脉电隔离术,35例行Carto指导下环肺静脉前庭隔离术,消融终点均为双侧肺静脉完全电隔离。应用超声心动图测定其消融术前1~3 d和术后1、3个月静息时窦性心律下左心房内径,分析消融术前、后左心房结构的变化。结果 43例房颤患者均成功施行环肺静脉左房线性消融术,随访时间(6±2)月,最短3个月,最长14个月,治愈率93.02%。左房内径消融术后1个月较术前无明显改变[(35.74±5.77)mm vs(35.69±6.25)mm,P>0.05],随访3个月时左房内径较术前显著减小[(31.99±3.66)mm vs(35.69±6.25)mm,P<0.01]。结论房颤患者于术后3个月时左房结构可逆重构。     

Carto系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗心房颤动

目的:观察Carto系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗心房颤动的临床疗效.方法:28例心房颤动(阵发性23例,持续性5例)患者行射频消融治疗.Carto系统指导下构建左心房电解剖图,行双侧环肺静脉线性消融,环状标测电极验证肺静脉达到电隔离效果.若术中心房颤动不终止,则继续消融左房顶部线、二尖瓣峡部线或三尖瓣峡部线.如心房颤动仍未终止,遂行同步直流电复律恢复至窦性心律.结果:28例患者均成功完成手术,其中18例只需完成双侧环肺静脉线性消融,10例需要继续行左房顶部线、二尖瓣峡部线或三尖瓣峡部线的消融.随访3～29个月,2例复发房颤,2例复发房性心动过速,所有患者的手术成功率为86%.结论:Carto系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗心房颤动短至中期随访效果确切,具有较高成功率.     

Cano-Merge指导下房颤射频消融近期疗效观察

目的总结CARTO-Merge技术指导心房颤动射频消融方法,观察其治疗的安全性和近期疗效.方法 6例房颤患者在Carto-Merge指导下进行环肺静脉消融术,观察其成功率、复发率及手术并发症.结果 5例患者手术即刻评估均成功消融,1例持续性房颤患者在消融后转为房性心动过速(标测示为窦房结旁房速),5例患者随访1～2年至今无复发.结论在CARTO-Merge技术指导心房颤动射频消融安全,能有效缩短学习曲线,提高手术成功率,减少并发症的发生.     

肥胖患者阵发性心房颤动环肺静脉电隔离术后的预后研究

目的评价肥胖患者阵发性心房颤动(房颤)环肺静脉电隔离术后的疗效及预后。方法入选2012年1月~2014年12月在我院首次行导管消融治疗的肥胖阵发性房颤患者70例(体重指数BMI≥28 kg/m2,肥胖组),同期选择按性别、年龄、房颤病程、基础疾病、CHA2DS2-VASc评分、左心房内径、左心室射血分数匹配的70例正常BMI的阵发性房颤患者(18.5≤BMI24 kg/m~2,正常组)。两组均采用环肺静脉电隔离术式治疗。术后随访12个月,比较肥胖组与正常组的复发率,并探讨肥胖对术后复发的影响。结果术后随访12个月,肥胖组的复发率高于正常组(27.1%vs 12.9%,P0.05)。单因素和多因素分析均显示高BMI、扩大的左心房内径是阵发性房颤导管消融术后复发的独立危险因子(P均0.05)。结论肥胖患者阵发性房颤导管消融治疗是有效的。肥胖、左心房扩大是术后复发的独立危险因素。     

慢性心房颤动的消融治疗

目的探讨慢性心房颤动的消融治疗方法,以提高成功率,降低复发率。方法30例慢性心房颤动行电生理检查和射频消融的患者,男17例,女13例,平均年龄为(62±7)岁。其中辦膜病3例(1例为二尖瓣置换术后),冠心病5例,扩张性心肌病6例,高血压性心脏病10例,甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病1例,无明显器质性心脏病5例。左房内径平均为(46±9) mm。经胸、食道心脏超声及增强多层螺旋CT／uRI除外左心房及肺静脉内血栓,并测量左心房内径、肺静脉分支及开口。房间隔穿刺后,心房颤动时利用电解剖系统(CARTO)进行左房重建。然后将Lasso多极导管置于右(左)上、下肺静脉之内。在距肺静脉口约1cm处行环双肺静脉及其周围组织隔离。肺静脉隔离后如心房颤动仍持续,则行左房顶部两个隔离环间的线性消融及左下肺静脉到二尖辦环的线性消融。如心房颤动仍持续,则行体外电转复。结果仅2例患者在双侧肺静脉隔离时心房颤动终止;余28例患者双侧肺静脉隔离后心房颤动仍持续,且在左房顶部和左下肺静脉到二尖瓣环的消融线完成后仍无心房颤动转复病例,但其后的体外电转复均获成功。消融术时程为(231±58) min,放射线暴露时间为(31±12) min。1例患者发生心包填塞。术后平均随访(11±7)个月,5例患者复发。结论慢性心房颤动的维持机制大多数在心房而非肺静脉。环双肺静脉隔离 左房顶部和左下肺静脉到二尖辦环的线性消融是治疗慢性心房颤动的有效方法。最佳消融线的实施方法尚需进一步探讨。     

持续性心房颤动消融前后左心功能的改变及复发相关因素分析

目的分析射频消融手术对于持续性心房颤动(房颤)患者左心功能的影响及复发相关因素。方法选取2016年1月—2017年1月北京阜外医院心律失常中心收住持续性房颤接受射频消融治疗的患者60例,根据术后3个月以上随访结果分为房颤复发组(复发组,19例)和窦律维持组(窦律组,41例)。分别比较2组射频消融手术前后的左心功能指标改变,以及复发的危险因素。结果复发组患者较窦律组患者房颤持续时间明显延长,肺静脉隔离(CPVI)+其他消融比例高于窦律组(t=11.257,χ^(2)=2.121,P<0.01);消融后,窦律组血浆NT-proBNP下降高于复发组(t/P=2.988/0.004);和复发组相比,窦律组左心房内径缩小,左心室内径减小,LVEF增加,6 min步行试验距离增加更为明显,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.543,9.214,8.652,65.325,P<0.01);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,房颤持续时间(OR=1.23,95%CI 1.056~1.558,P=0.012)和术前超声心动图左心房内径大小(OR=2.01,95%CI 0.928~4.347,P=0.023)是消融术后房颤是否复发的预测因素。结论射频消融治疗持续性房颤后能够减少左心房内径和左心室内径,增加左心室射血分数,增加6 min步行试验距离,改善左心功能。术前左心房内径大、房颤持续时间长是持续性房颤射频消融术后复发的危险因素。     

Carto-Merge指导下房颤射频消融近期疗效观察

目的总结CARTO-Merge技术指导心房颤动射频消融方法,观察其治疗的安全性和近期疗效。方法 6例房颤患者在Carto-Merge指导下进行环肺静脉消融术,观察其成功率、复发率及手术并发症。结果 5例患者手术即刻评估均成功消融,1例持续性房颤患者在消融后转为房性心动过速（标测示为窦房结旁房速）,5例患者随访1～2年至今无复发。结论在CARTO-Merge技术指导心房颤动射频消融安全,能有效缩短学习曲线,提高手术成功率,减少并发症的发生。     

环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动疗效分析

目的探讨三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性心房颤动(房颤)的疗效和安全性。方法2004年8月至2005年11月间对连续100例慢性房颤患者进行三维标测系统(CARTO系统或EnSiteNavXTM系统)指导下的环肺静脉线性消融,消融的主要终点为肺静脉电学隔离。随访成功的定义为未服用抗心律失常药物无任何房性心律失常发作至少3个月以上。统计相关变量,分析影响成功率的因素。结果平均随访9·7±5·7个月,累计成功率为70%(70例)。复发患者中峡部消融比例及平均射血分数均低于无房颤复发的患者。主要并发症包括心脏压塞3例(3%)、脑卒中1例(1%)、无症状性肺静脉狭窄2例(2%)。结论三维标测系统指导下环肺静脉线性消融治疗慢性房颤疗效较好,安全性有待进一步提高。     

Impact of different ablation strategies on the delayed cure after trans-catheter ablation for treating patients with atrial fibrillation

Background Delayed cure had been observed in recurrent cases after index ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), however, its mechanism and incidence have not been elucidated in detail. This study aims to investigate the impact of different ablation strategies on the incidence of delayed cure and its possible mechanisms after trans-catheter ablation of AF. Methods One hundred and fifty-one consecutive cases with highly symptomatic, drug refractory AF were included in this study ［M/F=109/42, mean age （56.0±11.2） (18-79) years］. Segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVA) was performed in 83 patients with the guidance of circular mapping catheter (SPVA Group), circumferential PV linear ablation (CPVA) was carried out in the rest 68 cases under the guidance of 3 dimensional mapping system in conjunction with circular mapping catheter (CPVA Group). Delayed cure was defined as that early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AF, atrial tachycardia, or atrial flutter) after ablation procedure was no longer observed during subsequent follow-up, and stable sinus rhythm was maintained ≥2 months. Results Early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias was detected in 41 cases from SPVA group and 23 cases from CPVA group, and delayed cure occurred in 21.9% (9/41) of the cases from SPVA group and 47.8% (11/23) of the cases from CPVA group, more delayed cure in later group was observed (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, patients in SPVA group took a longer time to achieve a delayed cure ［(27.0±18.0) days vs （14.0±8.1） days, P&lt;0.05］, and presented more recurrent episodes ［(3.50±1.08) times a week vs （2.42±1.11） times a week, P&lt;0.05］. However, recurrent episodes after index ablation were markedly decreased in cases with delayed cure from both groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions Despite of an early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythimas after index ablation of AF, delayed cure occurs in a significant number of patients undergoing either SPVA or CPVA. However, different ablation strategies place different impact on the delayed cure, more delayed cure is obtained with CPVA approach, and the delayed cure occurs earlier with this approach; the average recurrent episodes before delayed cure are also less frequently detected in CPVA group compared with those in SPVA group.     

Effect of anxiety and depression on the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation

Background  The effects of anxiety and depression on the recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) are not clear. Whether CPVA can alleviate the anxiety and depression symptoms of persistent AF patients is unknown.

Methods  One hundred and sixty-four patients with persistent AF, of which 43 treated with CPVA (CPVA group) and 103 treated with anti-arrhythmics drugs (medicine group), were enrolled. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were assessed before and 12 months after treatment in all patients.

Results  The scores of SAS (40.33±7.90 vs. 49.76±9.52, P <0.01) and SDS (42.33±8.73 vs. 48.17±8.77, P <0.01) decreased 12 months after CPVA. Over 12 months follow-up, AF relapsed in 17 patients in CPVA group. Compared with the data in the recurrent group (17 patients), the scores of SAS and SDS were significantly lower in the non-recurrent group (26 patients) at baseline. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed normal scores of SAS and SDS were the independent risk factors of AF recurrence after CPVA.

Conclusions  Anxiety and depression increase the recurrence risk of persistent AF after CPVA. CPVA can ameliorate the anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with persistent AF. 

     

Recurrent atrial tachycardia and atrial fribrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: What's the difference?

Background Recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) includes atrial tachycardia (AT) and atrial fribrillation (AF). However, whether there are some differences in clinical course and mechanisms between the recurrent AT and the recurrent AF remained unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the incidence, mechanism, clinical course of the recurrent AT and AF in patients under CPVA.Methods One hundred and thirty consecutive patients (M/F=95/35) with highly symptomatic and multiple antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) refractory paroxysmal (n=91) or persistent (n=39) AF were included. The ablation protocol consisted solely of two continuous circular lesions around the ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PV) guided by CARTO system. The endpoint of CPVA is PV isolation. For patients with recurrent ATa within 2 months after the initial procedure, cardioversion with direct current was attempted if the ATa lasted for more than 24 hours. A repeat ablation procedure was performed only for patients with AADs refractory recurrent ATa and at least followed up for 2 months after the initial procedure.Results Within 2 months after the initial procedure, 52 patients (40.0%) had experienced episodes of symptomatic recurrent ATa. Among them, 23 patients (44.2%) with recurred AT alone (AT group), 14 patients (26.9%) with recurred AF alone (AF group), and 15 patients (28.8%) with recurred AT and AF (AT plus AF group). The delayed cure rate (65.2%) in AT group was significant higher than that in AF group (21.4%, P<0.05) and AF plus AT group (26.7%, P<0.05). A repeat ablation was performed in 21 patients, including 6 patients with recurrent AT alone, 8 patients with recurrent AF alone, and 7 patients with recurrent AF plus AT. The mean number of PV gaps was 1.2±0.4 in AT group, which was significantly lower than that in AF group (2.6±0.7, P<0.05) and AF plus AT group (2.0±0.6, P<0.05). Delayed cure rate and number of PV gaps between AF group and AF plus AT group were comparable (P>0.05).Conclusions Present study indicates that recurrent AT and AF after CPVA have the different clinical course and different electrophysiological findings during repeat procedure as follows: ⑴After CPVA, spontaneous resolution of recurrent ATa was mainly found in patients with recurrent AT alone (about two thirds patients). ⑵The type of recurrent ATa after CPVA is associated with the number of PV gaps.     

Recurrent atrial tachycardia and atrial fribrillation after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation: What’s the difference?

Background Recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATa) after circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) includes atrial tachycardia (AT) and atrial fribrillation (AF). However, whether there are some differences in clinical course and mechanisms between the recurrent AT and the recurrent AF remained unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the incidence, mechanism, clinical course of the recurrent AT and AF in patients under CPVA.Methods One hundred and thirty consecutive patients (M/F=95/35) with highly symptomatic and multiple antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) refractory paroxysmal (n=91) or persistent (n=39) AF were included. The ablation protocol consisted solely of two continuous circular lesions around the ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PV) guided by CARTO system. The endpoint of CPVA is PV isolation. For patients with recurrent ATa within 2 months after the initial procedure, cardioversion with direct current was attempted if the ATa lasted for more than 24 hours. A repeat ablation procedure was performed only for patients with AADs refractory recurrent ATa and at least followed up for 2 months after the initial procedure.Results Within 2 months after the initial procedure, 52 patients (40.0%) had experienced episodes of symptomatic recurrent ATa. Among them, 23 patients (44.2%) with recurred AT alone (AT group), 14 patients (26.9%) with recurred AF alone (AF group), and 15 patients (28.8%) with recurred AT and AF (AT plus AF group). The delayed cure rate (65.2％) in AT group was significant higher than that in AF group (21.4％, P&lt;0.05) and AF plus AT group (26.7%, P&lt;0.05). A repeat ablation was performed in 21 patients, including 6 patients with recurrent AT alone, 8 patients with recurrent AF alone, and 7 patients with recurrent AF plus AT. The mean number of PV gaps was 1.2±0.4 in AT group, which was significantly lower than that in AF group (2.6±0.7, P&lt;0.05) and AF plus AT group (2.0±0.6, P&lt;0.05). Delayed cure rate and number of PV gaps between AF group and AF plus AT group were comparable (P&gt;0.05).Conclusions Present study indicates that recurrent AT and AF after CPVA have the different clinical course and different electrophysiological findings during repeat procedure as follows: ⑴After CPVA, spontaneous resolution of recurrent ATa was mainly found in patients with recurrent AT alone (about two thirds patients). ⑵The type of recurrent ATa after CPVA is associated with the number of PV gaps. Chin Med J 2005; 118(21):1773-1778     

Carto三维标测系统指导下心房颤动/扑动个体化消融原则的临床分析

目的 探讨个体化消融原则的临床效果及右房的作用.方法 房扑/房颤患者82例,男性42例,女性40例,年龄18～77(48.5±10.3)岁,左房内径26～52(35.4±5.3)mm.其中53例为阵发性房颤,14例为持续性房颤,15例为典型房扑.所有患者在Carto指导下进行个体化消融原则,以房扑/房颤被终止且不被诱发、肺静脉电位消失为消融终点.随访成功的定义为未服用抗心律失常药物、无任何症状性房性心律失常发作至少3个月.结果 ①随访时间3～28(13.4±3.3)个月,房扑和阵发性房颤消融随访成功率88.2%,持续性房颤仅为57.1%(P<0.05).2例有心包压塞,1例合并假性动脉瘤.无肺静脉狭窄等血管严重并发症.②阵发性房颤53例,其中10例为局灶性房早、短阵房速诱发的房颤(4例病灶位于右房内),8例行靶静脉线性消融,这类亚组手术无任何心律失常发作.其余43例阵发性房颤患者均行环肺静脉线性消融术,合并典型(4例)和非典型(6例)房扑者外加三/二尖瓣峡部消融.③15例典型房扑(4例为持续性房扑)患者,均行三尖瓣峡部消融,4例合并房颤者外加双侧肺静脉线性消融.④14例持续性房颤均经历了消融由房颤转变为房扑的过程,6例被消融终止和8例电复律复为窦律,半数分别进行了三/二尖瓣峡部消融和冠状静脉窦内消融,2例合并了起源于右房的房扑和房速.结论 Carto指导下房颤/房扑个体化消融可获得较好的临床疗效,右房的作用不能忽略.     

房颤射频消融术后复发的心率变异比较分析

目的探讨自主神经系统与射频消融术后复发的关系。方法2011年2月-2012年8月在解放军总医院心内科行左房环肺静脉消融术治疗阵发性房颤的患者82例,均接受三维标测系统（CARTO）指导下左房环肺静脉电隔离射频消融术。分别在术前3d、术后3d、术后3、6、12个月及以后每6个月定期随访,并进行12导联动态心电图（Hoher）监测,根据术后3d的结果将患者分为房颤早期复发组（34例）和未复发组（48例）;并根据3个月后的随访结果将患者分为房颤晚期复发组（22例）和无复发组（60例）。分别记录早期、晚期复发组与未复发组患者的平均心率（MeanHR）及心率变异（heartratevarability,HRV）,进行比较分析,包括时域指标R—R间期的标准差（SDNN）、R—R间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻R—R间期差的均方根（rMSSD）、相邻R—R间期差值超过50mm的N—N间期所占百分数（PNN50）,频域指标低频功率（10w frequency,LF）、高频功率（high frequency,HF）、低频与高频功率比值（LFIHF）。结果82例患者均达到肺静脉电隔离。术后未复发组与复发组比较,早期MeanHR降低,HRV指标均显著降低,LF／HF升高;晚期仅有反应迷走神经的指标显著降低,LF／HF升高。结论迷走神经的持续降低可有效地减少房颤的晚期复发。     

一站式手术对房颤消融成功率及心功能的影响：一项倾向评分匹配研究

目的 探讨在房颤消融术的基础上加行左心耳封堵术对房颤消融成功率及患者心功能的影响。方法 回顾性纳入2015年5月~2019年5月就诊于我院同时行房颤消融术及左心耳封堵术（一站式手术）的56名患者作为病例组,并运用倾向评分匹配的方法按1∶1的比例从同时期行房颤消融术的具有高卒中风险的患者（n=375）中筛选出与一站式组在临床基线资料上匹配的房颤消融组（n=56）,对比两组房性心律失常的复发率以及心功能情况,同时对比两组围术期并发症和血栓栓塞事件的发生率。结果 一站式组和房颤消融组在年龄、性别、BMI、房颤病程、类型、合并症、CHA2DS2-VASc和HAS-BLED 评分上差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。一站式组和房颤消融组在围术期并发症的发生率上并无差异（17.9% vs 12.5%,P=0.430）,一站式组血栓栓塞事件的发生率有较房颤消融组下降的趋势（1.8% vs 3.6%）,但差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）。一站式手术并不提升房颤消融的成功率（OR：1.338,95%CI：0.451~3.973,P=0.600）,一站式术后患者的心功能较术前明显改善（NT-pro BNP：945.3±1401.6 pg/mL vs 1520.7±2089.1 pg/mL,P=0.010;LVEF：（60.8±7.0）% vs（58.6±7.8）%,P=0.044;左心房内径：43.9±7.5 mm vs 45.6±6.3 mm,P=0.076）,但房颤消融组术后心功能的改善程度更佳（P<0.005）。结论 在房颤消融术的基础上加行左心耳封堵术具有足够的安全性,且不影响房颤消融的成功率。虽然一站式术后患者的心功能明显较术前改善,但改善程度不如房颤消融术。