大鼠动脉粥样硬化动物模型的建立和评价

目的 利用免疫损伤和高脂喂养结合的方法建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)动物模型.方法 5周龄Wistar大鼠腹腔注射卵清白蛋白和尾静脉注射牛血清白蛋白佐以灌喂维生素D3,高脂饲料喂养大鼠,FeS04加入到饮水中.检测大鼠不同时间的血脂水平、血液生化指标和病理变化.结果 (1)As模型组的T℃、HDL、LDL显著高于正常对照组(6.1±2.52比1.3±0.10;2.46±1.01比1.02±0.13;3.76±1.67比0.52±0.063;P<0.05).(2)模型组的C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌激酶(CK)、心肌激酶同工酶(CK-Mb)显著高于正常对照组(4.99±2.26比0.183±0.160;996.3±82.8比293.8±167.1;669.5±128.1比177.5±86.5;P<0.05).(3)采用HE染色发现模型组大鼠的主动脉出现斑块的沉积,而正常大鼠无病变的产生.结论 该方法能够诱导大鼠产生高血脂症状,随着时间的延长心肌发生损伤,同时出现炎症症状,并在动脉壁上形成斑块.     

缬沙坦对动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型主动脉内皮细胞保护作用及对血浆内皮脂肪酶水平影响

目的：通过血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断剂（angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker,ARB）对动脉粥样硬化性大鼠模型进行治疗,探讨ARB对主动脉内皮细胞保护作用。方法：30只Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,每组10只,模型组通过高脂饲料建立动脉粥样硬化大鼠模型,实验组增加缬沙坦干预,8周后比较各组主动脉内皮一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）、内皮素（endothelin,ET）、细胞色素c（cytochrome,Cyt-c）及内皮脂肪酶（endothelia lipase,EL）水平。结果：实验结束时,模型组HE染色可见明显斑块形成并伴有大量脂质细胞浸润,Cyc-c免疫组化染色显示内皮细胞凋亡阳性率（36.85±12.45）,高于对照组（0.81±0.11）和实验组（13.85±6.41）（P=0.000）,平滑肌细胞凋亡阳性率（9.65±2.62）高于对照组（0.06±0.01）（P=0.000）,但与实验组（7.85±1.34）差异无统计学意义（P=0.058）;模型组和实验组总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）明显增加,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义（P=0.000）;模型组和实验组相比,TC和LDL-C差异也有统计学意义（P=0.000和0.002）;模型组和实验组大鼠ET-1、NO、EL与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义（P=0.000）,与模型组相比,实验组NO水平升高,ET-1、EL水平降低,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.017、0.008和 0.000）。结论：缬沙坦在细胞损伤期,即具有明显内皮细胞保护功能。对动脉粥样硬化患者早期用药,能够保护细胞完整性,减少凋亡发生,起到疾病预防和治疗的重要意义。     

大鼠动脉粥样硬化和高脂血症一氧化氮特点的比较

目的　研究大鼠动脉粥样硬化时一氧化氮 (NO)的特点并将其与单纯高脂血症进行比较。方法　大鼠分为 3组 :正常对照组 ( 10只 ) ,予普通饲料、饮水 ;高脂血症组 ( 10只 ) ,饲以高脂饲料 (不含维生素D3) ;动脉粥样硬化组 ( 10只 ) :维生素D33× 10 5U/kg 1次肌肉注射、球囊损伤主动脉内皮并饲以含维生素D31.2 5× 10 6U/kg饲料的高脂饲料。 90d后检测血管诱导型 (iNOS)及内皮型一氧化氮合酶 (eNOS)的表达及其活性。 结果　 90d后动脉粥样硬化组大鼠胸主动脉形成了明显的动脉粥样硬化斑块 ,而高脂血症组的大鼠胸主动脉结构未见改变 ;高脂血症组和动脉粥样硬化组血管中 ,eNOS较正常对照组表达减弱、活性下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,但两组间差异无显著性 ;高脂血症组iNOS与正常对照组相比 ,差异无显著性 ,而动脉粥样硬化组则明显升高 (P <0 .0 1)。斑块中iNOS呈强阳性。结论　高脂血症患者的eNOS表达减弱、活性下降 ,并在形成斑块时持续存在 ;iNOS只见于血管壁形成典型的动脉粥样硬化斑块时     

兔动脉粥样硬化模型的建立及其MR检测

目的 探索动脉粥样硬化斑块动物模型的建立；评价MRI检测动脉粥样硬化斑块的能力。方法 成年新西兰大白兔（8周龄以上）15只，随机分成两组，对照组2只，实验组13只。麻醉固定后以相同的方法损伤腹主动脉内膜。实验组兔每日每只喂养胆固醇1．5g加基础饲料，并于术后第11、12周皮下注射维生素D500000 IU／kg。对照组只喂养基础饲料。术后13周所有动物接受T1WI、T2WI、PDWI、TOF序列检查。检查结束后处死实验动物观察其腹主动脉病理变化。结幂实验组动物动脉粥样硬化病变脂质条纹面积和纤维斑块面积的百分比分别为9．64％和1．56％。对照组动脉内膜光滑。全部横断面病理切片共109层，其中实验组动物的86层切片中发现斑块50层，对照组中均未发现斑块层，实验组与对照组相比差异有非常显著性（P〈0．001）。MRI检出纤维斑块11层，检出脂质斑块29层，MR对斑块检测总的阳性率为88％，准确率为80％。结论 采用兔可成功建立动脉粥样硬化斑块模型，MRI可以较准确地对斑块进行定位及定性。     

叶酸对高同型半胱氨酸血症诱发大鼠动脉粥样硬化的干预研究

目的 探讨叶酸对高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHxy)诱发大鼠动脉粥样硬化的干预效果.方法 健康8周龄雄性SD大鼠26只,体重(200±20)g,适应性喂养一周后随机分为对照组(6只)、模型组(10只)和叶酸干预组(10只).对照组给予普通饲料喂养,模型组在普通饲料喂养的基础上加2%的蛋氨酸,叶酸干预组在普通饲料的基础上加2%的蛋氨酸及0.0003%叶酸.12周后,心脏取血测定血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)浓度,取胸主动脉进行电镜观察和苏木素-伊红(HE)染色、油红O染色.结果 模型组血浆Hcy水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),叶酸干预组Hcy水平明显低于模型组(P<0.01).电镜观察和HE、油红O染色均可见模型组主动脉内皮下脂质和泡沫细胞沉积,亦即动脉粥样硬化脂纹形成.叶酸干预组与对照组相比无明显改变.结论 HHcy可诱发大鼠主动脉粥样硬化早期病变的形成,叶酸干预可有效预防HHcy引起的血管损伤.     

实验性动脉粥样硬化模型复合建模的方法及评价

目的 建立一种利用复合因素制备兔动脉粥样硬化模型的实验方法.方法 完全随机方法将24只日本大耳白兔分为对照组(8只)和实验组(16只),对照组予普通饲料,实验组用大剂量高脂饲料饲喂加以注射胎牛血清白蛋白和球囊拉伤进行干预,饲养10周.测定血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量,主动脉切片进行病理形态学观察,测量斑块面积占内膜的百分比及内膜厚度及内膜面积等.结果实验组血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).主动脉斑块形成,有典型"纤维帽",斑块面积占内膜面积的53.6%±10.5%,相应的对照组未出现以上类似的变化.其主动脉弓、胸主动脉及腹主动脉的内膜厚度、内膜与中膜厚度比和内膜面积与内膜中膜面积的比值实验组都相应的高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 用高脂饲料加以静脉注射胎牛血清白蛋白和球囊拉伤因素在短时间内可诱发兔动脉粥样硬化,此方法具有一定可行性,可控程度高、易重复.能够更好地模仿人动脉粥样硬化的发病机制,并有助于进一步阐明不稳定斑块的机制.     

实验性兔主动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型的建立与评价

目的 探索建立实验性兔主动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型的新方法.方法 24只雄性日本大耳白家兔随机分为对照组8只,实验组16只,对照组给予普通饲料;实验组给予高胆固醇饲料、注射牛血清白蛋白及进行腹主动脉球囊拉伤术,分别于0周、3周、6周、10周检测血脂、ox-LDL、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-10,实验结束时取腹主动脉进行病理形态学分析及NF-κBp65亚基免疫组化染色分析.结果 实验组斑块内膜面积比为53.6%,脂核面积与斑块面积比为54.9%,斑块纤维帽厚度与内膜中膜厚度(IMT)比约为8.5%;除甘油三酯变化不大外,实验组TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、LDL-C/ HDL-C、TC/ HDL-C、ox-LDL、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-10均有明显升高趋势,在3周、6周、10周时与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;且NF-κBp65亚基阳性染色面积较对照组高13.5倍.结论 高脂喂养、免疫损伤加球囊拉伤可以成功建立家兔主动脉粥样硬化易损斑块模型.     

脂脉康胶囊对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的　观察脂脉康胶囊对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化的治疗作用。方法　以高脂饲料喂养新西兰白兔 12周 ,形成高血脂症 ,造成动脉粥样硬化模型。通过测定主动脉和冠状动脉粥样硬化程度和面积 ,观察脂脉康胶囊对动脉粥样硬化的治疗效果。结果　脂脉康胶囊 0 5、1 0 g/kg灌胃 8周使家兔主动脉粥样斑块面积占主动脉面积的百分率分别由模型组的 (5 2 3±2 2 4) %降至 (10 3± 0 7) %和 (8 1± 0 6) % (均P <0 0 1) ,并显著降低主动脉粥样硬化程度。同剂量的脂脉康胶囊可降低冠状动脉粥样硬化病变发生率 ,同时使冠状动脉斑块阻塞管腔的程度级别分别由 3 4± 0 4降至 1 1± 0 3和 1 0± 0 3 (均P <0 0 1)。结论　脂脉康胶囊能显著抑制主动脉粥样硬化程度和面积 ,降低冠状动脉粥样斑块阻塞程度。提示脂脉康胶囊对家兔实验性动脉粥样硬化具有显著的治疗作用     

小凹蛋白1-NFκB通路介导乙酰水杨酸姜黄素酯的抗动脉粥样硬化作用

目的探讨乙酰水杨酸姜黄素酯对动脉粥样硬化病变的作用及机制。方法 40只7周龄Apo E-/-小鼠,随机分为对照组、高脂组、辛伐他汀组[5 mg/(kg·d)]、乙酰水杨酸姜黄素酯低剂量组[23.8 mg/(kg·d)]和乙酰水杨酸姜黄素酯高剂量组[71.5 mg/(kg·d)],其中对照组给予普通饲料,其他组给予高脂饲料喂养。连续干预4周之后处死动物,检测血清中血脂水平;油红O染色法观察小鼠主动脉斑块;ELISA法或免疫组化法检测血清和肝脏炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6水平;Western blot检测小鼠肝脏中小凹蛋白1和NFκB p65的表达。结果与对照组相比,高脂组血清中TC和LDL-C升高,HDL-C降低,主动脉粥样斑块增多。与高脂组相比,乙酰水杨酸姜黄素酯组小鼠血清中的TC和LDL-C降低,肝脏脂质减少,血清和肝脏炎症因子水平下降,而主动脉粥样硬化斑块减轻;肝脏小凹蛋白1水平升高而NFκB p65水平降低。结论乙酰水杨酸姜黄素酯能抑制高脂喂养所致的Apo E-/-小鼠动脉硬化斑块的形成;机制可能与增加肝脏小凹蛋白1、减少NFκB p65蛋白水平,调节肝脏脂质代谢及炎症反应有关。     

小剂量阿司匹林对动脉粥样硬化兔主动脉MMP-2表达的影响

目的评估小剂量阿司匹林对动脉粥样硬化兔主动脉基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)的表达及动脉硬化严重程度的影响。方法 24只雄性新西兰兔随机分为对照组(喂食普通兔料)、模型组(喂食高脂饲料)、阿司匹林组(喂食高脂饲料并给予小剂量阿司匹林干预),每组8只。饲养12周后处死动物,取主动脉进行病理学检查,分别应用RT-PCR和Western-bolt分析主动脉病灶中MMP-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果病理学大体观察发现,对照组无动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,模型组和阿司匹林组主动脉斑块最大厚度、平均斑块厚度、管腔狭窄度和斑块所占周径比值等4项指标两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。对照组中MMP-2蛋白和mRNA呈低水平表达,而在模型组中的表达均明显增高,阿司匹林组MMP-2蛋白和mRNA的表达降低(P均<0.01)。结论 MMP-2在正常血管组织中低水平表达,随血管动脉粥样硬化程度的加重而升高;小剂量阿司匹林可以有效地减少动脉粥样硬化兔主动脉MMP-2表达,减轻动脉硬化的严重程度。     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

A preliminary screening study on the associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technologies

Objective：To investigate the optimum screening conditions of associated proteins in human psoriasis vulgaris by serum proteomics technique, and to screen the different expression proteins related with psoriasis vulgaris. Methods：Serum samples of peripheral blood were collected from newly diagnosed psoriasis vulgaris patients in the clinic, and 20 matched healthy persons. Serum albumin IgG was removed by filtering with ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG. After comparative proteomics analysis the different protein spots were identified using 2-DE and MS. Results ：Electrophoresis figures with high resolution and reproducibility were obtained. Three different expression proteins were found only in the serum from psoriasis vulgaris patients, while nine other different proteins expressing from healthy volunteers. Conclusion：The protein expression was different in the serum between the psoriasis vulgaris patients and healthy volunteers. It was hoped that we could find the biomarkers related to psoriasis vulgaris by using proteomics.     

A CASE OF HUGE GASTRIC DISOPYROBEZOAR

PYTOBEZOARS are common bezoars in gastrontestinal tract, commonly seen in stomach and mall intestine,1but huge disopyrobezoars are     

Acupuncture Treatment of Chest Bi Syndrome

CASE HISTORY A male,a retired officer of 61 years old,paid his first visit on May 12,2006.The patient stated that 2 weeks before he suddenly got paroxysmal precordial choking pain,with irregular attacks.Each attack would last several seconds to several minutes.The attack was accompanied with heavy oppressed sensation in the precordial region,palpitation,lassitude,and in severe cases,sweating,which was once diagnosed by a hospital as'coronary heart disease'.Recalling the case history,the patient said that several days before he got angry with others because of some affairs in work,and he was not so used to the life pattern since he had just retired from his busy working post.At usual times,he was quick tempered and peevish.In recent days,he had poor appetite,and loose stool.     

Instructions to Contributors

The English edition of Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine is edited and published by the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press.Original scientific papers of advanced clinical and experimental medicine in the field of complementary/alternative medicine or integrative medicine are expected.