缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠磷酸化真核翻译起始因子2α和激活转录因子4表达的变化

目的:了解新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)后磷酸化真核翻译起始因子2α[eIF2α(p)]?激活转录因子4(ATF4)表达的变化?方法:7日龄新生SD大鼠80只,随机分为2组:假手术组和HIBD组,每组各40只?HIBD组采用Rice方法建立新生大鼠HIBD模型,分别于缺氧缺血(HI)后6?12?24和72 h取其脑组织切片,采用免疫组织化学方法检测病变侧大脑皮质eIF2α(p)?ATF4蛋白的表达?假手术组不行缺氧缺血处理,采用同样方法检测其eIF2α(p)?ATF4蛋白的表达?结果:假手术组eIF2α(p)?ATF4蛋白少量表达,各时间点无明显变化(P > 0.05);HIBD组6 h可以观察到较多eIF2α(p)?ATF4蛋白,12 h达到高峰,72 h明显减少,但仍高于假手术组?HIBD组与假手术组比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)?HIBD组各时间点比较,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)?结论:eIF2α(p)?ATF4参与了新生大鼠HIBD病理生理过程?HIBD可能诱发了内质网应激反应,启动了PKR样内质网激酶(PERK)介导的未折叠蛋白应答(UPR)通路?     

Gal-1，ANXA2 和 PRPH 在SD大鼠耳蜗核的表达

目的：采用同位素相对标记和绝对定量(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)技术分析耳蜗核（cochlear nucleus,CN）区域特异性膜蛋白。方法：出生60 d的雄性SD大鼠分为4组,分别是CN、下丘(inferior colliculus,IC)、上橄榄核（superior oliver complex,SOC）、大脑其余部位（Rest）。提取这4个部位组织的细胞膜蛋白,再采用iTRAQ技术检测出CN区域特异性蛋白。通过Uniprot检索这些蛋白的功能和参与的生物代谢过程。结果：本实验最终得到17种CN区域特异性膜蛋白。对CN区域蛋白进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)分析发现,这些蛋白主要参与生物调节与发育。UNIPROT检索发现3种蛋白与神经系统功能相关,即半乳糖凝集素-1（galectin-1,Gal-1）、膜联蛋白A2（annexin-A2,AXNA2)和外周蛋白（peripherin,PRPH）。Gal-1与神经生长发育相关;AXNA2参与多种生物调节过程;PRPH与神经退行性病变相关。其中,Gal-1可促进轴突生长、调节突触可塑性且具有神经保护作用;AXNA2可能参与了神经递质释放过程,且有神经营养作用;PRPH在高表达时具有神经毒性,和神经丝蛋白共同参与神经退行性病变。结论：Gal-1、ANXA2 和PRPH在耳蜗核中高度表达,可能与中枢信息处理相关,这为进一步研究中枢听觉处理障碍发病机制提供了一定的理论基础。     

急性胰腺炎大鼠抵抗素?CRP?IL-1β和TNF-α水平的变化

目的:探讨在急性胰腺炎(AP)大鼠血清中抵抗素?C反应蛋白(CRP)?白介素1-β(IL-1β)?肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平的变化?方法:用ELISA测定大鼠血清中抵抗素? TNF-α? IL-1β? CRP水平变化,同时检测胰腺/体重比值?胰腺组织病理变化?结果:急性水肿型胰腺炎(AEP)组和急性坏死型胰腺炎(ANP)组大鼠血清淀粉酶(AMY)?抵抗素?TNF-α?IL-1β?CRP水平较正常对照组?假手术组均明显升高,ANP组与AEP组相比升高更明显,两者之间差异显著(P < 0.01或者P < 0.05)?血清抵抗素水平与血清TNF-α?IL-1β?CRP水平和胰腺组织病理评分呈正相关性,血清CRP水平和胰腺组织病理评分也呈正相关性?结论:抵抗素可能与急性胰腺炎的?发生?发展有关,是评估急性胰腺炎严重程度的有价值指标之一?     

TG-6对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制研究

目的:研究新化合物 TG-6 对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(myocardial ischemia reperfusion,I/R)损伤的保护作用及其机制?方法:大鼠于I/R 前 5 min 尾静脉注射药物,结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支缺血45 min,再灌注24 h后,测定大鼠心电图,心肌组织HE染色观察其病理学变化;测定血清中乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)?肌酸激酶(creatine kinase,CK)?超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)?丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)等含量;检测血清中炎症因子,如肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)?白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)?白介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)含量,Western blot测定TLR4?IκBα?NF-κB蛋白的表达?结果:与模型组相比,TG-6可以明显改善心电图S-T段的抬高,减轻心肌组织梗死面积和病理损伤,显著降低血清中LDH?CK?MDA?TNF-α?IL-6和IL-1β的含量,增加SOD活性?TG-6能减少心肌组织中TLR4?IκBα?NF-κB蛋白的表达?结论:TG-6对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗炎和抗氧化有关?     

HIF-1α在低氧刺激的气道平滑肌细胞中的表达及意义

目的:观察低氧状态下大鼠气道平滑肌细胞(airway smooth muscle cell,ASMC)增殖情况及低氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)表达变化,探讨ASMC低氧反应机制?方法:体外传代(5代)培养大鼠ASMC分3组:常氧状态下培养为正常对照组(A组),低氧状态下培养为单纯低氧组(B组),低氧 + HIF-1α抑制剂2-甲氧雌二醇(2-methoxyestradiol,2ME)为低氧2ME干预组(C组)?甲基甲苯基硫(MTS)法检测细胞增殖,荧光实时定量RT-PCR检测HIF-1α mRNA表达,Western blot检测HIF-1α蛋白表达?结果:①大鼠ASMC增殖B组比A组更加明显(1.123 ± 0.006 vs 0.809 ± 0.003,P < 0.05),C组较B组明显受抑制(1.012 ± 0.005 vs 1.123 ± 0.006,P < 0.05);②HIF-1α mRNA和蛋白表达B组比A组表达明显增加(5.265 ± 0.040 vs 0.449 ± 0.017,P < 0.05和0.905 ± 0.013 vs 0.105 ± 0.008,P < 0.05),C组较B组表达明显减少(1.903 ± 0.044 vs 5.265 ± 0.040,P < 0.05和0.278 ± 0.012 vs 0.905 ± 0.013,P < 0.05)?ASMC增殖与HIF-1α mRNA表达呈正相关(r = 0.850),与HIF-1α蛋白表达呈正相关(r = 0.883)?结论:低氧刺激促进大鼠ASMC增殖,可能是由HIF-1α所介导?     

神经干细胞移植联合PEP-1-SOD1对颅脑损伤大鼠神经功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)移植联合PEP-1-SOD1对颅脑损伤后大鼠神经功能恢复的影响?方法:SD雄性大鼠80只,建立颅脑损伤模型后随机分为4组:对照组(损伤处注入生理盐水)?NSCs移植组(损伤处注入NSCs悬液)?SOD1组(损伤处注入PEP-1-SOD1蛋白)及NSCs+SOD1组(损伤处注入NSCs 悬液+PEP-1-SOD1蛋白)?4 d后采用定量PCR及Western blot法分别检测小鼠脑组织中AQP4基因表达及蛋白合成变化;分别于损伤后1?3 d和1?2?3?4周行Bederson评分,损伤后23~28 d行Morris水迷宫试验对大鼠运动神经功能进行评价;伤后第4周取材行病理切片BrdU 免疫组织化学染色?结果:脑损伤后4 d,对照组脑损伤周围组织AQP4及其mRNA的表达高于NSCs移植组及SOD1组,NSCs移植组及SOD1组均高于NSCs+SOD1组(P < 0.05)?分别于损伤后1?3 d及1?2?3?4周行Bederson评分显示4周时各组大鼠Bederson评分均低于24 h,并且4周时Bederson评分NSCs+SOD1组低于对照组(P < 0.05)?Morris 水迷宫试验结果显示NSCs+SOD1组神经功能改善较对照组明显(P <0.05)?免疫组化染色结果显示NSCs+SOD1组大鼠损伤灶脑组织中的BrdU 阳性细胞数高于NSCs移植组?SOD1组和对照组(P <0.05)?结论:神经干细胞移植可明显改善重型颅脑损伤后大鼠的神经学功能,联合应用PEP-1-SOD1有协同效果?     

人参皂苷Rg1对心肌肥厚模型大鼠的保护作用及机制研究

目的:研究人参皂苷Rg1 (ginsenoside Rg1)对主动脉缩窄致左室肥厚大鼠模型的保护作用,并对其作用机制作初步探讨?方法:通过结扎成年雄性大鼠胸主动脉法构建大鼠心肌肥厚模型,将胸主动脉缩窄造模成功的24只SD大鼠随机分为单纯手术组(TAC组)及Rg1治疗组(Rg1组)?另外,将假结扎胸主动脉的12只大鼠作为假手术组(Sham组)?4周后分离左室称重,测定各组大鼠左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI);采用HE染色观察心室壁厚度?心肌组织结构;采用Real-time PCR法检测左室心肌组织中心房利钠因子(ANF)?B型脑利钠肽(BNP)和缺氧诱导因子1α (hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)的mRNA表达;采用Western blot法检测左室心肌组织中HIF-1α蛋白表达?结果:与TAC组相比,人参皂苷Rg1给药组动物的左心室质量指数?心肌细胞肥大程度?ANP?BNP表达均有显著下降(P < 0.05);HIF-1α 的mRNA和蛋白的表达均有显著增加(P < 0.05)?结论:人参皂苷Rg1有效地缓解压力超负荷诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚并改善左室功能,而这种保护作用可能通过增加HIF-1α表达有关?     

肿瘤坏死因子预处理促进骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化潜能

目的:观察肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α预处理骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMMSCs)后,对其核因子(nuclear factor,NF)-κB通路以及成骨分化能力的影响?方法:实验分为BMMSCs阴性对照组(A组)?TNF-α预刺激1 d组(B组)及TNF-α预刺激7 d组(C组)?预刺激结束后,采用Western blot方法检测各组IκBα和p-IκBα蛋白水平的表达;采用RT-PCR方法检测各组BMMSCs中分泌红细胞生成素和肝细胞受体B4(erythroprotein-producing hepatocellular receptor B4,EPHB4)?胰岛素样生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1)?骨保持素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)?白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-7及基质金属蛋白酶(metrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-1 mRNA表达水平的变化;加成骨诱导剂诱导后,茜素红及碱性磷酸酶检测各组成骨分化能力?同时观察加用NF-κB抑制剂吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate,PDTC)对TNF-α作用的影响?结果:与A组相比,B组和C组IκBα蛋白的表达水平降低(P < 0.05),p-IκBα蛋白的表达水平增高(P < 0.05);与A组相比,B组和C组的EPHB4?IGF-1?OPG mRNA表达水平上调(P < 0.05),IL-7及MMP-1 mRNA表达水平下调(P < 0.05);与A组相比,B组和C组的成骨分化能力增强,而加用NF-κB抑制剂后,B组和C组的成骨分化能力减弱?结论:体外实验表明,BMMSCs经TNF-α预处理后,可以促使BMMSCs成骨分化活性,并且多次刺激较单次刺激效果明显,其促进成骨分化效果至少部分是通过NF-κB通路介导的?     

TNF-α在神经病理性疼痛模型大鼠脑组织中的表达和作用

目的:通过研究保留性神经损伤(SNI)模型大鼠脑组织中TNF-α的表达情况,从而探讨TNF-α在神经病理性疼痛维持中的中枢可能机制.方法:建立SNI大鼠模型,取脑组织进行连续冰冻切片,通过免疫组织化学技术观察TNF-α在不同脑区和核团的表达情况.结果:在SNI模型大鼠的红核区域和内侧纵束间质核部位,TNF-α阳性细胞数和平均灰度值明显高于对照组,P<0.05.结论:红核以及内侧纵束间质核在神经病理性疼痛的发生和维持以及调控过程中发挥重要作用,而TNF-α是其发挥痛觉调控的主要免疫分子之一.     

PEDF对低氧状态下人支气管上皮细胞表达VEGF的影响

目的:研究色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)对低氧状态下人支气管上皮细胞(HBE)分泌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响,并探讨该作用与缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)的相关性?方法:体外培养的HBE细胞取第3~7代用于实验,氯化钴(CoCl2)100 ?滋mol/L模拟缺氧状态?实验分为4组:正常对照组(A组)?氯化钴干预组(B组)?氯化钴 + PEDF 50 ng/ml干预组(C组)及氯化钴 + PEDF 200 ng/ml干预组(D组)?RT-PCR法检测各组细胞HIF-1α及VEGF 在mRNA水平上的表达差异;ELISA及Western blot法检测各组细胞VEGF蛋白表达水平;细胞免疫荧光染色法(IF)检测各组细胞HIF-1α蛋白在细胞质和细胞核中的表达情况?结果:①B组VEGF的mRNA水平较A组显著升高[为A组的(8.56 ± 0.67)倍,P < 0.01],C组与D组的VEGF mRNA水平较B组明显下降(P < 0.01);B组 HIF-1α mRNA的表达水平较A组明显升高(P < 0.01),B?C?D 3组间HIF-1α mRNA无统计学差异;②细胞培养基上清中B组VEGF表达量[(1 370.10 ± 42.98)pg/ml]较A组[(670.00 ± 23.35) pg/ml]明显升高(P < 0.01),且B组与C组[(816.19 ± 37.05) pg/ml]及D组[(646.47 ± 22.70)pg/ml]比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01)?③Western blot结果显示B组VEGF的蛋白表达量为A组的(3.99 ± 0.37)倍,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);C组与D组VEGF的蛋白表达水平较B组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)?④IF结果显示,B组HIF-1α的表达水平及核内转移较A组和D组明显升高?结论:PEDF对低氧状态下HBE细胞高表达的VEGF具有一定抑制作用,且该抑制作用可能与PEDF调控HIF-1α有关?     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…