不同几何位置对测量注射器内残留放射性药物的放射性活度的影响

目的:分析不同的几何位置对测量注射器内残留放射性药物的放射性活度结果的影响。方法:选取注射99TcmO-4和99Tcm-MDP、18F-FDG的120支1 ml注射器、2ml注射器,将之根据注射方法分为对照组、观察组,在不同几何位置测量残留活度,并展开组间比较。结果:不同几何位置对注射器残余量的测定有一定影响,1 ml注射器残余量最大,且采用改良注射法的观察组残余量明显低于采用直接注射法的对照组。结论:核医学人员应掌握活度计应用方法,并针对性的改变注射方式,减少注射器内放射性药物的残留,为操作人员与患者提供更多的安全保障。     

18F-FDG 显像剂不同静脉注射法在 PET/CT 检查中的效果比较

目的：对比研究 PET ／CT 检查时18F‐脱氧葡萄糖（18F‐FDG）显像剂3种不同静脉注射法的穿刺成功率、药物注射残留量及工作人员射线接触时间的差异及意义。方法将240例 PET ／CT 检查患者分为 A 、B 、C 3组,每组各80例,分别用传统直接注射法、留置针注射法和头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法进行注射,比较各组穿刺给药成功率、药物残留量、工作人员接触放射性药物时间,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法和留置针注射法比传统直接注射法穿刺成功率高、工作人员接触放射性药物时间明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法比留置针注射法和传统直接注射法注射器内放射性药物残留量显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论头皮静脉针连接注射器（留置气泡）注射法显著提高了穿刺成功率,减少了放射性药物残留,同时减少了工作人员的射线接触时间,该方法在核素注射时具有优势。     

正电子放射性药物自动分装注射系统的设计与测试

目的 设计研发新型正电子放射性药物自动分装注射系统,以实现精准药物活度注射,简化注射流程,降低职业照射。方法 选择钨合金作为屏蔽材料,采用基于单片机控制步进电机驱动技术,设计机械驱动模块、管路系统、控制软件。制作设备及相关配套装置。测量防护效能和性能。结果 自动分装注射放射性药物时间约60 s,设备50次稳定性测试空白试验的成功率100%。系统整体注射活度的分装误差≤3%;设备箱体屏蔽40 mmPb,台面屏蔽60 mmPb,隔离防护屏蔽15 mmPb,内置钨合金原液罐50 mmPb。距离运行中设备30 cm处平均剂量率为1.44 μSv/h。操作人员肢端辐射剂量较使用注射器防护套注射操作降低99%以上。结论 自动分装注射系统操作简便,分装精度高,重复性好,防护安全,达到设计功能和放射防护要求。     

浅析接触化疗药物的自我防护措施

化疗药物对正常或不正常的增殖细胞均有抑制作用,大多数化疗药物都可能致机体损害。故在接触化疗药物时的自我防护是必要的,亦是非常重要的,现将防护体验总结如下。1配药液中的防护1.1操作时,穿易洗的紧袖式防护工作服(手术衣或两层隔离衣,戴厚口罩、帽子以及戴双层乳胶手套。有研究表明有内层手套的漏损率明显低于戴单层手套。因此戴双层手套是有效的防护手段。戴口罩可防止化疗药物的物末或蒸汽吸入鼻腔。1.2配药前应仔细检查注射器有无破损,漏气,如有应更换,避免在操作中药物污染注射器,针     

对某车站运输放射性矿砂的卫生调查

随着社会主义建设的发展,放射性物质的铁路货运量日益增多。为了保障运输中的生产安全,了解放射性物质的运输规律与搬运放射性物质中存在的问题,以提供必要的安全防护,我们对该站在搬运放射性矿砂和未搬运放射性矿砂的生产条件下进行了现场调查测定。     

灵芝的药理研究——Ⅶ.灵芝液抗放射性损伤作用的初步研究

放射性损伤对人体具有严重危害,寻找抗放射性损伤的药物是当代医药科学的一项重要任务。灵芝制剂对放射性、化学性、药物性和其它原因的白细胞减少症具有一定疗效,提示灵芝制剂可能对放射性损伤具有防护作用。为此我们对灵芝液     

放射性皮炎的药物防治现状

放射性皮炎是恶性肿瘤放射治疗中最常见的并发症，目前临床除了进行常规皮肤护理，也有很多药物用于防护及治疗，本文就放射性皮炎的发生机制、分期以及临床常用药物进行综述，探讨药物治疗放射性皮炎的现状及存在问题，希望有效果良好费用低廉且便于操作的新型药物可供临床使用。     

核医学科放射防护的临床调查分析

目的：分析核医学科放射防护的临床现状。方法以某三甲医院作为调查对象,调查场所包括回旋加速器工作场所、放射性药物合成室和注射室、PET/CT 以及 SPECT 的工作场所,调查并统计上述场所的周围剂量当量率、β表面污染水平以及30名核医学工作人员的年个人有效剂量。结果当工作人员在合成柜旁对放射性药物进行操作的瞬时剂量率最高;核医学工作场所均或多或少有β表面污染,其中尤以放射性药物注射室操作台污染最高,其次是放射性药物合成室操作台;核医学科医护人员的年个人有效剂量控制较好,30名人员26名个人有效剂量在1 mSv 以下,4名在1~5 mSv 之间。结论虽然核医学科医务人员年个人有效剂量未超标,但仍应加强放射防护,尤其是离放射药物最近地方,加强医务人员对于放射性药物的安全操作和管理,最大程度降低辐射危害。     

浅谈临床上如何避免1mL注射器无效死腔的方法

目的探讨如何避免1mL注射器无效死腔的方法。方法改用1mL无死腔注射器（如胰岛素专用注射器）,应用于胰岛素的注射、小剂量贵重药品注射、皮试剂配制,也可应用于注射放射性药物;改进抽吸方法;皮试剂配制时改进稀释方法。结果以上方法能有效避免1 mL注射器无效死腔,使剂量准确,减少浪费。结论重视1 mL注射器的无效死腔,灵活运用三种方法可避免用药浪费,减轻患者痛苦,减少患者经济损失,值得推广使用。     

门诊输液室职业安全防护与措施

门诊输液室是医院的主要窗口之一,患者多且流动性大,病种复杂,诊疗时间短,过程多,变化快.由于工作性质的特殊性,护理人员职业危险相对较高.对每天暴露在不同病人的血液、体液、各种注射器、针头、药物及噪声中的护理人员,防护问题是相当严峻的.为保障护理人员的职业安全,现将门诊输液室职业安全防护的建立与改进措施介绍如下.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…