复方格列吡嗪片人体生物利用度及生物等效性研究

目的研究复方格列吡嗪片人体生物利用度及生物等效性。方法单剂量给予国产的复方格列吡嗪片505mg(试验制剂)和格列吡嗪片5 mg(参比制剂)、盐酸二甲双胍片500 mg(参比制剂)。用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度。用DAS程序计算相对生物利用度并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果口服试验制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中的格列吡嗪的Cmax分别为(406.72±68.10)ng/ml和(468.95±107.61)ng/ml;Tmax分别为(2.22±0.75)h和(1.98±0.91)h;AUC(0-24)分别为(2 812.26±897.73)(ng.h)/ml和(2 952.68±1 407.84)(ng.h)/ml;AUC(0-inf)分别为(3 034.67±1 245.72)(ng.h)/ml和(3 193.20±1 651.85)(ng.h)/ml。盐酸二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.15±0.25)μg/ml和(1.18±0.24)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(2.05±0.72)h和(2.08±0.94)h;AUC(0-24)分别为(5.77±1.62)(μg.h)/ml和(5.97±1.92)(μg.h)/ml;AUC(0-inf)分别为(6.38±1.98)(μg.h)/ml和(6.62±2.61)(μg.h)/ml。结论试验制剂与参比制剂的格列吡嗪和盐酸二甲双胍人体相对生物利用度分别为(114.0±56.1)%和(103.5±31.0)%,两者具有生物学等效性。     

阿奇霉素片的人体相对生物利用度及药代动力学

目的研究阿奇霉素片受试制剂与参比制剂人体相对生物利用度及药代动力学。方法18名健康受试者自身交叉单剂量口服阿奇霉素受试制剂和参比制剂各500 mg,定时取血,用微生物法测定血药浓度。结果阿奇霉素片受试制剂与参比制剂的血药浓度时间曲线基本一致,符合一级吸收二房室模型。受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数分别为:消除半衰期t1/2β:(36.48±9.45)h,(38.10±9.39)h;Tmax:(2.39±0.61)h,(2.44±0.61)h;Cmax:(509.10±106.08)μg/L,(505.20±89.91)μg/L。药代动力学参数经配对t检验,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两种制剂的药时曲线下面积(AUC0-t)平均值分别为:受试制剂(9 080±1 339)(μg.h)/L,参比制剂:(9 308±1 390)(μg.h)/L;受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(98.0±10.1)%。结论受试制剂阿奇霉素与参比制剂生物等效。     

头孢氨苄片人体药动学及生物利用度

目的 研究广州白云山制药总厂生产头孢氨苄片在健康人体内的血药浓度经时过程及人体生物利用度.方法 采用HPLC法测定20名健康受试者单剂量口服1g头孢氨苄片受试制剂及参比制剂后的药动学数据.结果 受试制剂与参比制剂药动学参数分别为:Tmax(1.09±0.22)和(1.3±0.41)h,Cmax(70.25±13.92)和(69.89±11.91)mg/L,AUC0→6(128.1±23.2)和(130.4±25.17)mg/h·L.试验制剂相对生物利用度为(98.7±8.9)%.结论 两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊人体药代动力学及生物等效性研究

目的 比较2种奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学与生物等效性.方法 20名健康志愿者,采用单剂量、随机、自身交叉对照实验设计,空腹口服奥美拉唑受试和参比制剂各40 mg,用反向高效液相色谱法分别测定血药浓度,用DAS程序进行药代动力学分析,并评价两制剂的生物等效性.结果 受试和参比制剂药代动力学参数AUC0→12、AUC0→∞、Cmax、tmax及t1/2分别为(3497.4±2759.1)、(3726.1±3200.5)μg/L·h-1;(3612.1±2854.6)、(3814.1±3259.1)μg/L·h-1;(1424.1±854.9)、(1421.3±951.6) μg/L;(2.23±0.50)、(2.13±0.60)h;(2.12±1.25)、(2.19±1.27)h,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(98.2±13.2)%.经交叉实验方差分析,上述药代动力学参数无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 两种制剂具生物等效性.     

阿昔洛韦片在人体中药动力学及其相对生物利用度研究

目的比较两种阿昔洛韦片生物利用度和药代动力学。方法测定10名受试者单剂量交叉口服600mg阿昔洛韦受试片和参比片后血药浓度,计算相应的药代动力学参数。结果受试者口服两种阿昔洛韦片计算的峰浓度Cmax、Tmax和AUC分别为Cmax1.24±0.49和1.17±0.20μg/ml,Tmax1.9±0.6h和2.1±1.1h,AUC7.56±1.80和7.56±2.10μg     

苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片药代动力学与相对生物利用度

目的 建立人体血浆中苯磺酸氨氯地平的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法,用于研究苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片在人体的药代动力学及相对生物利用度.方法 20例健康男性志愿者单剂量口服苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片受试制剂或参比制剂10mg后,用高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法测定氨氯地平的血药浓度,用DAS 2.0药动学软件求算药动学参数,以双单侧t检验进行生物等效性评价.结果 受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数:Tmax为6.1±1.2小时, 6.9±1.7小时; Cmax分别为8.0±2.2 ng/(ml·h),8.0±2.0ng/ml;t1/2为30.4±5.9小时, 26.5±6.2小时; AUC0-t为259.1±37.8小时, 270.7±53.7ng/(ml·h), AUC0-∞为275.4±40.1 ng/(ml·h), 283.1±56.2 ng/(ml·h).相对生物利用度F=97.6%±14.8%.结论 两制剂为等效制剂.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平片人体药物动力学和相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究苯磺酸氨氯地平片在健康人体内的药物动力学和相对生物利用度,并与市售苯磺酸氨氯地平片进行生物等效性评价.方法:20例男性健康受试者双周期随机交叉单剂量口服10 mg苯磺酸氨氯地平片受试制剂和参比制剂,两次试验间隔为2周,采用LC/MS/MS法测定血浆中氨氯地平浓度.结果:受试制剂与参比制剂的血药浓度时间曲线基本一致,主要药代动力学参数Cmax分别为(9.72±0.90)和(9.57±0.96)ng/ml;tmax分别为(6.0±0.8)和(6.4±1.0)h;t1/2分别为(31.35±6.49)和(31.77±5.07)h;MRT分别为(46.63±6.54)和(47.15±5.72)h;Cl/F分别为(38.30±4.11)和(37.97±4.95)L/h;AUC0-96 分别为(323.54±31.01)和(325.76±34.49)h·ng/ml.结论:统计分析结果表明两种制剂具有生物等效性,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(99.86±13.48)%.     

RP-HPLC法研究盐酸伐昔洛韦片人体生物利用度

目的建立准确度高、灵敏性好的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定血浆中盐酸伐昔洛韦水解产物阿昔洛韦的浓度,以研究盐酸伐昔洛韦片在体内的药代动力学及相对生物利用度。方法采用两制剂双周期交叉试验设计,18名男性健康志愿者先后分别单剂量口服盐酸伐昔洛韦受试片剂或参比片剂300mg,采用RP-HPLC,以更昔洛韦为内标,测定血浆阿昔洛韦浓度。用3P97药代动力学程序处理血药浓度数据并计算参数,并作出生物等效性评价。结果口服盐酸伐昔洛韦受试片剂和参比片剂后的药代动力学参数AUC0-t分别为(9.87±2.48)和(9.94±2.67)(μg.h)/ml,AUC0-∞分别为(10.84±2.98)和(10.83±3.18)(μg.h)/ml;Cmax分别为(3.06±0.66)和(3.16±0.66)(μg.h)/ml;Tmax分别为(1.25±0.26)和(1.17±0.24)h。受试盐酸伐昔洛韦片剂以AUC0-t和AUC0-∞计算其相对生物利用度分别为(100.6±11.7)%和(101.7±13.3)%。结论建立的阿昔洛韦血药浓度监测方法灵敏、准确,测定结果可靠;统计分析结果表明受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂在家犬体内的药代动力学及相对生物利用度

目的:研究单剂量口服对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂在家犬体内的药代动力学和相对生物利用度.方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,测定6条成年健康家犬(体质量10.5～11.5 kg,雌雄各半)单剂量(650 mg/只)口服对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂(受试制剂)和对乙酰氨基酚控释片(泰诺林)(参比制剂)后不同时间点(给药前及给药后0.25、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、8.0、10.0、15.0和24.0 h)血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的浓度,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,计算药代动力学参数及相对生物利用度.结果:本所建立的方法不受血浆中内源性物质的干扰,线性范围0.10～20.00 μg/ml(r=0.999 9),日内、日间精密度RSD＜7.0%,3种浓度(0.50、5.00、20.00μg/ml)的方法回收率分别为(104.21±6.57)%、(97.23±4.21)%、(99.57±1.19)%.对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂与参比制剂血浆中对乙酰氨基酚的tmax分别为(2.1±0.5)和(3.0±0.6)h;cmax分别为(9.09±3.58)和(8.77±3.40)μg/ml;用梯形法计算AUC0～24 h分别为(34.31±13.54)和(33.28±12.16)μg·h·ml-1,AUC0～∞分别为(34.96±13.46)和(33.88±12.18)μg·h·ml-1;受试制剂相对于参比制剂的平均生物利用度F0～∞为(102.58±10.15)%.结论:对乙酰氨基酚缓释干混悬剂与乙酰氨基酚控释片(泰诺林)在家犬体内的药代动力学过程相似,两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

布洛芬片人体药代动力学及生物等效性研究

目的 研究布洛芬片在健康人体内的药物代谢动力学及生物等效性.方法 18名健康男性受试者单剂量、交叉口服400 mg布洛芬供试制剂或参比制剂后,采用高效液相色谱―紫外检测法测定人体血浆中不同时间点布洛芬的浓度,计算其药代动力学参数和相对生物利用度,评价两制剂的生物等效性.结果 布洛芬供试制剂和参比制剂主要药代动力学参数AUC0-10分别为(125.40±20.74)、(130.38±24.79)μg/(h·mL),Cmax分别为(34.60±7.12)、(37.88±7.13)μg/mL,Tmax分别为(2.0 ± 0.5)、(1.7±0.5)h,t1/2分别为(2.1±0.21)、(2.19±0.29)h.受试制剂相对于参比制剂的生物利用度为(98.2±18.7)%.结论 两制剂具有生物等效性.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…