银杏内酯类化合物在大鼠体内的绝对生物利用度研究

研究银杏内酯A(GA)、银杏内酯B(GB)和白果内酯(BB)在大鼠体内的药动学特征及其绝对生物利用度。该实验建立了检测大鼠血浆中GA,GB,BB的LC-MS/MS分析方法,考察大鼠经口服(ig)和静脉注射(iv)给药后血浆中3种银杏内酯类化合物的血药浓度,采用DAS 2.0药动学处理软件,计算GA,GB,BB的药动学参数及其绝对生物利用度。结果显示,GA,GB,BB经大鼠注射给药后的C_max分别为(513.9±116.9),(701.3±76.0),(5 255.6±476.8) μg·L^-1,AUC_0-t分别为 (960.9±268.5),(779.5±140.6),(7 409.3±1 181.1) μg·h·L^-1;灌胃给药后的C_max分别为(522.9±39.9),(146.8±31.6), (2 711 .9±588.9) μg·L^-1,AUC_0-t分别为(1 760.4±300.7),(636.6±180.3),(16 651.4±1 306.5) μg·h·L^-1。GA,GB,BB在大鼠体内的的绝对生物利用度分别为(61.1±10.4)%,(27.2±7.7)%,(56.2±4.4)%。该实验所建立的方法专属性好,灵敏度高,可用于GA,GB,BB在大鼠体内的药代动力学和生物利用度研究。     

沙棘膏中槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素血药浓度的HPLC-MS/MS测定及大鼠体内药代动力学研究

建立大鼠血浆中槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素的HPLC-MS/MS分析方法,用于沙棘膏中3种黄酮类成分在正常大鼠体内的药代动力学研究。该实验选用正常SD大鼠,单剂量灌胃沙棘膏(槲皮素26.35 mg·kg^-1、山柰素4.040 mg·kg^-1、异鼠李素31.37 mg·kg^-1)后不同时间点采血,采用高效液相色谱-质谱连用(HPLC-MS/MS)系统进行槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素血药浓度测定,以kinetica 5.0.11软件,对数据进行二房室动力学拟合,计算主要药动学参数。经方法学考证,槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素的线性范围分别为7.500~600.0 μg·L^-1(R²=0.998 5),1.000~80.00 μg·L^-1(R²=0.998 5),10.00~800.0 μg·L^-1(R²=0.998 0),日内、日间精密度RSD≤14%,血浆样品冻融1次,－20 ℃放置15 d,室温放置6 h以及处理后的分析物-20 ℃放置24 h的稳定性均良好,符合生物样品分析要求。大鼠灌胃沙棘膏后的药代参数如下,槲皮素t_1/2β(113.3±19.37) h,AUC_0-t(12 542.14±3 504.05) μg·h·L^-1,MRT_0-∞(119.6±13.29) h,C_max(164.6±27.33) μg·L^-1,T_max(5.199±0.840 3) h;山柰素t_1/2β(79.85±17.15) h,AUC_0-t(934.51±94.59) μg·h·L^-1,MRT_0-∞(81.50±13.75) h,C_max(80.15±14.24) μg·L^-1,T_max(3.827±0.902 7) h;异鼠李素t_1/2β(118.3±20.73) h,AUC_0-t(26 067.77±4 124.60) μg·h·L^-1,MRT_0-∞(129.0±16.30) h,C_max(269.6±29.32) μg·L^-1,T_max(6.513±1.450) h。该文所建立的灵敏、准确的HPLC-MS/MS检测方法适用于大鼠血浆中槲皮素、山柰素、异鼠李素成分的药代动力学研究。     

丹红注射液中丹参素和原儿茶醛在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的：研究大鼠单剂量静脉注射丹红注射液后丹参素和原儿茶醛的药代动力学。方法：大鼠实施颈静脉插管手术后,单次尾静脉注射丹红注射液（10 mL·kg^-1,含丹参素1.472 9 g·L^-1,原儿茶醛0.229 0 g·L^-1）,用建立的超高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中丹参素和原儿茶醛的浓度,并计算药代动力学参数。结果：丹参素和原儿茶醛的主要药动学参数如下：最大浓度（C_max）分别为（73.73±11.46）,（4.60±3.39）mg·L^-1,消除半衰期（t_1/2）分别为（0.88±0.20）,（1.13±0.61）h,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积（AUC_0-t）分别为（30.19±5.12）,（2.15±1.56）mg·L^-1·h。结论：丹参素和原儿茶醛在大鼠体内的动力学过程符合二室模型。     

新型乌贝速释片的生物等效性研究

目的: 制备一种新型乌贝速释片,并研究该剂型与乌贝散在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学和生物等效性。方法: 采取粉末直接压片法制备乌贝速释片,将6只Beagle犬随机分为2组,分别口服给予乌贝速释片和乌贝散,采用LC-MS/MS测定给药后不同时刻血浆中贝母素甲的浓度,采用DAS 2.0软件按非房室模型处理得药动学参数,评价速释片剂与散剂的生物等效性。结果: 乌贝速释片中贝母素甲的主要药动学参数为C_max(7.4±2.3) μg·L^-1,AUC_0-t (59.13±15.25) μg·L^-1·h^-1,T_max(1.5±0.0) h,乌贝散中贝母素甲的主要药动学参数为C_max(8.0±1.7) μg·L^-1,AUC_0-t (68.78±16.27) μg·L^-1·h^-1,T_max(1.5±0.0) h,乌贝速释片中贝母素甲的lnAUC_0-t和lnC_max的90%置信区间分别为乌贝散相应参数的95.4%~104.6%,90.9%~109.1%。结论: 自制的乌贝速释片与乌贝散具有生物等效性,且生产工艺简单,服用方便。     

灯盏乙素及其衍生物灯盏乙素乙酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学的比较

该文建立了测定大鼠血浆中灯盏乙素及灯盏乙素乙酯的反高效液相色谱方法,比较灯盏乙素及其衍生物在大鼠体内的药代动力学特点.大鼠分别灌胃给予104 mg·kg^-1灯盏乙素和114.5 mg·kg^-1灯盏乙素乙酯,颈静脉采血,HPLC测定血浆中灯盏乙素及灯盏乙素乙酯的浓度,经Winnonlin软件拟合房室模型,计算药代动力学参数.结果表明,灯盏乙素和灯盏乙素乙酯口服后在体内均呈非房室模型,药时曲线有双峰现象.主要药代动力学参数:灯盏乙素的T_max为(6±1.26) h,C_max为(321.55±48.31) μg·L^-1,AUC_0-t为(2 974±753) h·μg·L^-1;灯盏乙素乙酯的T_max为0.5 h,C_max为(1 550.82±219.75) μg·L^-1,AUC_0-t为(6 407±399) h·μg·L^-1.灯盏乙素乙酯比灯盏乙素入血速度快,且生物利用度是灯盏乙素的2倍以上.     

脉络宁注射液中5种酚酸类成分血药浓度的LC-MS/MS测定及大鼠体内药代动力学研究

通过建立准确灵敏的LC-MS/MS法,测定8只SD大鼠,单剂量尾静脉注射（4 mL·kg^-1）脉络宁注射液后,血浆中绿原酸、咖啡酸、3,4-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸（3,4-DCQA）、阿魏酸、肉桂酸的浓度,所测数据使用DASver 1.0软件进行处理,计算主要药动学参数。结果显示,绿原酸、咖啡酸、3,4-DCQA、阿魏酸、肉桂酸的线性范围分别为2.006~1 027 μg·L^-1（r=0.999 6）,1.953~1 000 μg·L^-1（r=0.999 7）,28.51~1.459×10⁴ μg·L^-1（r=0.998 9）,1.836~940.0 μg·L^-1（r=0.997 7）,4.780~2 447 μg·L^-1（r=0.998 6）。方法学考察5种酚酸类成分血浆样品反复冻融3次、-75 ℃放置20 d、室温放置4 h以及血浆样品处理后的分析物放置24 h的稳定性均良好,日内、日间变异系数（RSD）小于5.0%,精密度和准确度等均符合生物样品分析的要求。大鼠体中绿原酸药代参数：t_1/2为（49.78±12.81） min,AUC_0-t为（123.55±14.82） mg·min·L^-1, CL为（0.004 3±0.000 5） L·min^-1;咖啡酸药代参数t_1/2为（36.65±10.59） min,AUC_0-t为（91.67±11.77） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.005 7±0.000 7） L·min^-1;3,4-DCQA药代参数：t_1/2为（50.08±13.78） min,AUC_0-t为（278.34±31.82） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.001 6±0.000 2） L·min^-1;阿魏酸药代参数t_1/2为（51.39±15.52） min,AUC_0-t为（34.72±4.67） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.000 4±0.000 1） L·min^-1;肉桂酸药代参数t_1/2为（74.42±18.32） min,AUC_0-t为（34.63±4.82） mg·min·L^-1,CL为（0.007 7±0.001 1） L·min^-1。该文所建立的LC-MS/MS适用于绿原酸等5种酚酸类成分的药代动力学研究。     

补肾通络方中马钱苷、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷的体内药代动力学研究

研究灌胃补肾通络方后大鼠血浆中马钱苷、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷药代动力学特征。采用液-液萃取法处理血浆样品;HPLC-UV检测含量,色谱柱为Johnson spherigel C₁₈(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.01%冰醋酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL·min^-1,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长:马钱苷为235 nm,阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷为320 nm,进样量为10 μL。采用DAS 2.0软件对所测数据进行处理,得到大鼠血浆中马钱苷、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷的主要药动学参数如下:C_max分别为(0.369±0.042),(0.387±0.071),(0.233±0.044) mg·L^-1;t_max分别为(0.226±0.022),(0.282±0.031),(0.233±0.044) h;t_1/2β分别为(6.89±0.20),(10.7±0.11),(6.93±0.090) h;AUC_0-∞分别为(1.91±0.36),(3.22±0.52),(1.52±0.33) mg·h·L^-1;AUC_0-t分别为(1.62±0.33),(2.58±0.43),(1.30±0.30) mg·h·L^-1;CL分别为(20.2±4.0),(1.39±0.23),(31.7±6.9) L·h^-1·kg^-1。药代动力学研究结果表明,灌胃补肾通络方后马钱苷、阿魏酸和二苯乙烯苷药动学曲线均符合血管外给药二室模型,且3种成分吸收快,马钱苷和二苯乙烯苷消除速度中等,阿魏酸消除慢(但生物利用度为最高),每天给药3次能维持血药浓度,适合制成普通口服制剂。     

LC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中莫诺苷血药浓度

莫诺苷是从中药山茱萸Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc.中提取分离获得的环烯醚萜苷类化合物,具有神经保护等多种药理活性.本研究首次采用LC-MS/MS技术建立了大鼠血浆中莫诺苷浓度的测定方法.血浆样品采用蛋白沉淀法,以金丝桃苷作为内标,色谱柱为Inertsil C8-3色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,5 μm),流动相为水(含1 mmol·L^-1甲酸钠)-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min^-1.采用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正离子模式,多反应监测(MRM).莫诺苷在2~5 000 μg·L^-1 (r= 0.995 7)线性关系良好,最低定量限为2 μg·L^-1.方法精密度、准确度、回收率和基质效应均符合生物样品测定的要求,适合大鼠血浆中莫诺苷浓度的测定.应用该方法进行莫诺苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究,给药剂量为20 mg·kg^-1,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,并采用DAS 2.0 计算得主要药代动力学参数:AUC_0-∞为(587.6±290.7) μg·min·L^-1,C_max为(334.2±148.0) μg·L^-1,T_max为(0.6±0.3) h,t_1/2为(0.7±0.3) h.     

LC-MS/MS测定大鼠血浆中咖啡酸、绿原酸及其药代动力学研究

该研究建立大鼠血浆中咖啡酸、绿原酸的LC-MS/MS测定方法,并用于大鼠体内的药代动力学研究。6只SD大鼠,单剂量静脉注射(4 mL·kg^-1)灯盏细辛注射液,以替硝唑为内标,用LC-MS/MS测定给药后血浆中的药物浓度,并用DAS 1.0软件计算药动学参数。咖啡酸、绿原酸的线性范围分别为2~128 μg·L^-1(r = 0.998 1),3~384 μg·L^-1(r = 0.998 7)。方法学考察均符合要求。日内、日间变异系数(RSD)均小于10%,精密度和准确度等均符合生物样品分析的要求。大鼠体中咖啡酸药代动力学参数:t_1/2β为(130.91±38.77) min,AUC_0-t为(4.89±0.96) mg·min·L^-1,CL为(0.12±0.02) L·min^-1·kg^-1;绿原酸药代动力学参数:t_1/2β为(49.38±8.85) min,AUC_0-t为(9.54±0.95) mg·min·L^-1,CL为(0.09±0.003) L·min^-1·kg^-1。该研究建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法准确灵敏,适于咖啡酸、绿原酸的药代动力学研究。     

血府逐瘀汤中芍药苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性

目的: 研究血府逐瘀汤中芍药苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性。 方法: 采用HPLC测定大鼠血清中芍药苷含量,Diamonsil C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),柱温30 ℃,流动相乙腈-水(16 :84),流速1.0 mL ·min^-1,检测波长230 nm,进样量20 μL,以核黄素为内标物。 结果: 芍药苷质量浓度在0.01~1.0 mg ·L^-1线性关系良好。定量限0.01 mg ·L^-1。平均日内、日间精密度分别为3.3%,3.9%,平均回收率101.3%。大鼠灌胃血府逐瘀汤后芍药苷的药峰浓度(C_max)(0.363±0.080) mg ·L^-1,达峰时间(T_max)(0.276±0.084) h,吸收速率常数(K_a) (30.905±10.114) h^-1,末端消除速率(K_e)(1.638±0.181) h^-1,半衰期(t_1/2)(0.501±0.038) h,清除率/绝对生物利用度(CL/F)(69.846±4.624) L ·h^-1 ·kg^-1,表观分布容积/绝对生物利用度(V_z/F)(36.521±12.287) L ·kg^-1,药时曲线下面积(AUC_0-t)(0.356±0.024) mg ·L^-1 ·h。 结论: 血府逐瘀汤中芍药苷在大鼠体内具有吸收速率快、分布容积大、生物半衰期短的药代动力学特性,为研究药物配伍对芍药苷药动学的影响和血府逐瘀汤发挥药效的作用机制提供参考。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

基于ICP-MS法的加味左金丸中无机元素分析

目的 通过电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）法建立加味左金丸中Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、V、Ni、Cu、Li、Sb、Ba、Mo、Sn、Cr、Na、Mg、Al、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Zn、Ga、Se、Sr、Tl共计26种无机元素的测定方法。方法 加味左金丸通过微波消解法处理后,根据相对分子质量的大小选择内标物,其中⁷Li、²³Na、²⁴Mg、²⁷Al、⁴⁰Ca、⁴⁸Ti、⁵¹V、⁵²Cr、⁵⁵Mn、⁵⁶Fe、⁵⁸Ni、⁵⁹Co、⁶³Cu、⁶⁶Zn、⁷⁰Ga、⁷⁵As、⁷⁷Se、⁸⁶Sr以⁷²Ge作为内标;⁹⁵Mo、¹¹⁴Cd、¹¹⁸Sn、¹²¹Sb、¹³⁷Ba以¹¹⁵In作为内标;²⁰²Hg、²⁰⁵Tl、²⁰⁸Pb以²⁰⁹Bi作为内标。对标准品溶液、空白溶液与供试品溶液进行分析,采用标准曲线法进行定量分析。通过ICP-MS法进行测定。结果 26种无机元素线性的相关系数r ≥ 0.999 6,检出限为0.001~1.500μg/L,定量限为0.01~5.00 μg/L,精密度与重复性试验的RSD均小于5%,平均回收率在82.64%~106.44%,RSD均小于5%。对3个厂家的12批样品进行了测定,26种元素的含量差异较大,其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe 4种元素的含量比较高,均大于500 μg/g,Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Co、Li、Sb、Mo、Sn、Cr、Se、Tl的含量比较低,均小于1 μg/g。由结果可知,人体的常量元素,如Na、Mg、Ca的含量比较高,Cd、Pb、As、Hg等有害元素含量比较低。根据《中国药典》2020年版一部的要求,本品中Cd、Pb、As、Hg与Cu均符合规定。结论 该方法快速、准确,可以用于加味左金丸中无机元素的测定。     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Erstaunliches Ergebnis einer Schädelakupunktur nach Yamamoto bei Hemihypsarrhythmie rechts

A girl, three and a half years old at the respective date, premature in 25th week of gestation, had been presented. On day three after birth, she had had a IVH III° right and left with severe involvement of parenchyma and other multiple complications, e. a. infant respiratory distress syndrome up to the 42nd day postpartum, and epileptic attacks with apnoeic events.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.