益元膏的制备工艺研究

目的：优选益元膏制备工艺的最佳参数条件。方法：以出膏率为评价指标,加水倍数、浸泡时间、煎煮时间、煎煮次数为因素,采用L9（34）正交表进行试验,优选出益元膏的最佳制备工艺。采用多指标综合评分法进行考察,选择最佳辅料。结果：经优选的制备工艺条件为加水量5倍,浸泡1h,提取3次,每次1h。最佳辅料为琼脂。结论：优选的辅料和膏方制备工艺参数均准确可行,质量符合要求。     

乳乐颗粒制备工艺中白芍、延胡索乙醇提取工艺参数的考察

日的优选乳乐颗粒制备工艺中白芍、延胡索乙醇提取的工艺参数。方法以提取次数、提取时间、溶媒用量、乙醇浓度为影响因素,选取L9（3^4）设计正交试验,以芍药苷含量和出膏率为考察指标,进行试验优选工艺参数,并进行芍药苷含量测定的方法学考察。结幕以色谱柱AgilentC18（2）、乙腈-0．1％磷酸溶液（14：86）为流动相、检测波长230nm、柱温30℃、流速1mL/Mmin为色谱条件。在此条件下,样品得到良好分离,缺白芍空白样品在芍药苷峰处无吸收。芍药苷在0．23～1．50μg范围内线性关系良好,精密度、稳定性、加样回收率均符合要求。正交试验中以出膏率考察指标的提取条件为A3B3C2D1,而芍药苷含量为A3B3C2D1。方差分析A因素显著影响出膏率,A、B、C均显著影响芍药苷含量。结合大生产实际选定提取工艺参数为：加7倍量50％乙醇提取3次,每次提取2h。结论乳乐颗粒制备工艺中白芍、延胡索乙醇提取工艺参数为：加7倍量50％乙醇提取3次,每次提取2h,验证和中试试验表明该工艺可行。     

糖足颗粒的制备工艺研究

目的 研究糖足颗粒的制备工艺.方法 以出膏率和芍药苷总量为指标,正交试验法优选水提条件;以颗粒吸湿性、流动性和成型性为指标,筛选颗粒最佳辅料与配比.结果 最佳水提工艺为药材加10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1.5 h;制备糖足颗粒的最优处方组成为:2份浸膏与3份辅料(乳糖:糊精=2:1的混合辅料)混合制粒.结论 该工艺科学合理,简便实用,质量稳定.     

多指标优选醒目颗粒水提醇沉制备工艺

目的:优选醒目颗粒水提醇沉工艺.方法:以甜菜碱、丹酚酸B提取率为考察指标,通过L9(3)4正交试验优选水提工艺条件;以甜菜碱、丹酚酸B转移率为考察指标,优选最佳醇沉工艺.确定醒目颗粒最佳水提醇沉制备工艺.结果:水提工艺影响因素依次为加水倍量(A)＞提取次数(C)＞提取时间(B),直观分析水提最佳工艺为A2B2C2,即药材10倍量水,提取2次,每次1.5 h.最佳醇沉工艺为:药材水提液浓缩至相对密度1.05～1.10(60℃),乙醇浓度50%.结论:该工艺合理,有效成分提取率较高.     

正交设计优选卷柏中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的 优选卷柏中总黄酮的提取工艺.方法 采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分别测定总黄酮和阿曼托双黄酮.以提取量为考察指标,用正交设计方法 优选最佳提取工艺.结果 以总黄酮提取量为考察指标,其优选工艺为A1B2C2D2;以阿曼托双黄酮提取量为考察指标,其优选工艺为A1～3 B1～3 C2D2.综合考察采用A1B2C2D2为最佳提取工艺,即药材加10倍量的95%乙醇,回流提取2次,每次2h.结论 优选得到的工艺稳定可行,可作为卷柏的提取工艺.     

参蛇花痔疮膏的制备工艺研究

目的 :探索参蛇花痔疮膏的最佳制备工艺。方法 :以出膏率为指标 ,应用 L9(3 ) 4 正交试验设计筛选参蛇花痔疮膏的最佳提取工艺条件 ,以苦参碱的含量为指标 ,应用 L9(3 ) 4 正交试验设计筛选参蛇花痔疮膏的最佳醇沉条件 ,并对处方中其他药材分别根据所含有效成分理化性质进行处理 ,然后添加液状石蜡、羊毛脂、白凡士林等药用辅料 ,制成软膏剂。结果 :影响提取的主次因素为 :C>A>B(A为加水量 ,B为煎煮时间 ,C为煎煮次数 ) ;影响醇沉的主次因素为 :A>B(A为加醇量 ,B为醇沉时间 )。综合分析确立提取条件为 :加水煎煮 3次 ,第 1次加 8倍量水 ,第 2、3次加 6倍量水 ,每次 1h;醇沉条件为 :加清膏 3倍量乙醇 ,使乙醇含量达 70 % ,静置 16h,滤过。结论 :优选得到的工艺稳定可行     

正交试验优化小儿止咳颗粒提取工艺研究

目的:研究小儿止咳颗粒最佳提取工艺。方法:采用正交试验设计,以紫菀酮含量为指标,考察乙醇浓度、溶剂用量、提取时间、提取次数4个因素不同水平的提取效果;以干膏得率为指标,考察溶剂用量、提取次数、提取时间3个因素不同水平的提取效果,优选小儿止咳颗粒提取工艺。结果:紫菀等药的最佳提取工艺为A2C2B3D1,即加6倍量60%乙醇,提取3次,每次1 h;茯苓等药最佳提取工艺为B3A1C3,即加16倍量水,提取3次,每次1 h。结论:该提取工艺合理可行,并能较好的保证制剂质量。     

板蓝根饮片炮制工艺研究

目的:优选板蓝根饮片的炮制工艺。方法:采用冷水浸泡法、润制法和蒸制法对板蓝根药材进行炮制;以外观性状、水分、浸出物、(R,S)-告依春含量及4个色谱特征峰的峰面积为指标,通过SPSS19.0软件进行主成分分析,对不同炮制工艺的板蓝根饮片进行质量评价。结果:不同炮制工艺的板蓝根饮片质量存在一定差异,综合得分为:B4>B2>A3>B5>A4>A2>B6>B3>C4>C3>C2>A1>C1>B1,均高于板蓝根药材。优选的板蓝根饮片炮制工艺为润制12 h,切厚片,50℃干燥12 h。结论:本研究为板蓝根饮片的炮制工艺研究提供了参考。     

复方疮疡涂膜剂的制备工艺优选

目的:优化复方疮疡涂膜剂的提取方法和制备工艺.方法:以绿原酸含量为指标,以加水倍数、煎煮时间、醇沉浓度为考察因素,采用L9(34)正交试验法.制备工艺以成膜性和成膜外观为指标,单因素优选成膜基质和辅料.结果:经方差分析,从而筛选出最优工艺为A3B3C1.最优制备工艺为PVA17-8811 g,加入PEG-400 2 mL,浓缩药液42 mL,搅拌,浸泡1h,水浴加热溶解,加入95％乙醇42 mL,甘油2 mL,氮酮1 mL,尼泊金乙酯适量,搅匀.结论:该工艺的稳定性良好,绿原酸含量高,成膜性能、外观以及成膜时间均较理想,可以作为该制剂的最优提取工艺.     

通冠薄膜片的辅料选择

目的优选并确定通冠薄膜片的辅料。方法采用正交设计法,以片剂的硬度、崩解时限为指标优选辅料配方。结果优选辅料配方:崩解剂、粘合剂为低取代羟丙基甲基纤维素和羧甲基淀粉钠;润滑剂为硬脂酸镁和微粉硅胶;干法制粒。结论通冠薄膜片的辅料组成为(A1 A2)B3C2。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)直接稀释测定脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素(Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V、As、Cd和Hg)的方法。方法分别对微波消解条件和测试条件进行考察;样品经微波消解后,采用电感耦合质谱仪测定25种矿物质元素,并对测定方法学进行考察。结果确定最佳消解条件为3步缓慢升温:400 W 80℃升温10 min,保留5 min;600 W 120℃升温10 min,保留5 min;900 W 200℃升温20 min,保留20 min;25种矿物质元素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,r≥0.999 6,精密度、稳定性和重复性试验的RSD均符合定量分析要求;加标回收率为94.7%~106.1%,RSD在0.34%~2.79%。脉络宁注射液中检测出Mg、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al、B、Ba、Co、Cr、K、Li、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、Sr、Th、Ti、V,未检出As、Cd和Hg。结论该方法简便、迅速、准确,适用于脉络宁注射液中25种矿物质元素的同时测定。     

Die Lateralität und Lateralitätsinstabilität in der Diagnostik und Therapie

The disturbance and instability of laterality are obstacles to diagnostics and therapy. Correction prior to starting therapy is required. They also predispose toward defined health problems and unspecific diseases. Numerous research activities provide evidence of the relevance of undisturbed laterality in diagnostics and therapy. Techniques of testing and therapeutic corrections will allow for optimized therapy success.     

Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science Instructions for Authors

The Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science, a journal with an international scope （IS SN 1672-3597, CN 31-1908/R, Bimonthly）, is embodied by ＇Springer Verlag＇ Database, Index Copernicus （IC） and Chinese Scientific and Technical Paper and Citations Data （CSTPCD）. You can search full text on http：//www, springerlink, com/content/1672 -3597.     

Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea

正Beverages based on Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.are used in the south Brazil and other Latin American countries located at the so-called southern cone.It is known as chimarro or mate in south and southeast Brazil,tererêin     

Ethnopharmacologic study of chinese rhubarb

This paper deals with an interdisciplinary study covering historic, botanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects of rhubarb and related species, to lay stress on the correlation between plant phylogeny, chemical constituents and purgative activity.

It was found that the official rhubarbs were exclusively restricted in the Sect. Palmata e.g. Rheum palmatum R. palmatum var. tanguticum R. officinale; the following criteria may serve as their standard, viz., the presence of sennoside derivatives and rhein, the occurrence of the reduced form of rhein and aloe-emodin, the leaves with any kind of palmate incision. Comprehensive multivariate analyses showed that there is a very close relationship between the leaf incision, existence of sennosides or rhein and purgative activity.     

Wirksamkeit der Akupunktur bei der Therapie von idiopathischen Schmeckstörungen: Eine randomisierte Placebo-kontrollierte Studie

Background

At present, the state-of-the-art medication in treating idiopathic taste disorder (gustatory dysfunction) is zinc. If zinc medication was unsuccessful, not tolerated or if it is contraindicated the persons affected can hardly be helped.

Objectives

In a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial an attempt was made to determine the efficacy of acupuncture.

Methods

The treatment group was treated with acupuncture needles, the placebo group with an inactive acupuncture-laser. Endpoints of the study were changes in the taste test, the quality of life and the severity of symptoms of depression (BDI) as well as mood changes (ZMS). Satisfaction with the success of the respective therapy was also evaluated. Data were collected before and after therapy and again for the treatment group 10 weeks after completion of the treatment period.

Findings

Treatment with real acupuncture showed a significant improvement in gustatory function as well as a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Greater satisfaction with the treatment results was evident in the treatment group. The treatment results of acupuncture remained stable over a period of ten weeks after completion of the treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture was effective in the therapy of idiopathic taste disorders and therefore it is an effective alternative when zinc medication is not tolerated or unsuccessful. But it is also suitable as a therapy of first choice. Acupuncture can be considered as an extension of the therapeutic spectrum in the difficult treatment of taste disorders.     

Veränderungen der Herzratenvariabilität (HRV) während Low Level Lasernadelakupunktur: Placebokontrollierte Studie an 19 herzgesunden Probanden

Background

Experimental and clinical studies postulate a neurobiological mechanism of acupuncture by modulating central pain systems, neurohormones and -transmitters. It seems to be quite likely that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important mediating role in this neuromodulation.

Aim

In measuring heart rate variability (HRV), as a non-invasive approach to the ANS-function, the object of this study was to monitor probable acupuncture-induced changes of autonomic balance. The innovative technology of laser-needle acupuncture offers for the first time a stimulation method which fulfils the demands on a placebo-controlled acupuncture trial not requiring controversial sham acupuncture.

Method

19 healthy voluntary subjects underwent 3 treatments in randomized sequence, consisting of placebo-, 1-point- (PC 6) and simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle-stimulation over 20 minutes. Before, during and after placebo-/verum laser-needle acupuncture, HRV-data for normalized HF(high frequency)- and LF(low frequency)-Power (nHF, nLF) and their quotient nLF/nHF obtained by power spectrum analysis (FFT), were measured and analyzed statistically at 5 different time points (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0,05).

Results

During both verum applications, the 1-point- (PC 6) as well as the simultaneous 3-point- (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) laser-needle stimulation, significant changes of the ANS-activity were found in comparison to the placebo application. The most significant modification of HRV was an increase of nHF (p < 0,05 (PC 6), p < 0,0001 (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3)) as an expression of growing vagal activity during acupuncture.

Conclusion

Laser-needle acupuncture causes in 1-point-stimulation (PC 6) as well as in simultaneous 3-point-stimulation (PC 6, LR 3, SI 3) significant changes in HRV in comparison to placebo application. HRV-monitoring seems to be a suitable approach in exploration of acupuncture-induced changes of ANS and could possibly be established in combination with laser needle acupuncture as a standard for further scientific and clinical acupuncture investigations which are greatly needed.     

瑞香科五属植物中酚性聚合物的结构特征、分布及药理活性研究进展

瑞香科植物广泛分布于世界热带和温带地区,其中多种植物可供药用。在对该科植物的研究中发现,黄酮类、木脂素和香豆素等酚性化合物的低聚体为其重要的特征性成分,药理活性主要表现在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌和抗病毒等方面。对已发现的酚性聚合体的化学结构、植物来源及药理活性进行综述,为瑞香科植物今后的研究和开发利用提供参考。     

HPLC法同时测定沉香化滞丸中11种成分

目的采用HPLC梯度洗脱法同时测定沉香化滞丸中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚11种成分。方法采用Thermo Syncronis C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为水-乙腈,梯度洗脱:0～10 min,20%乙腈;10～20 min,20%～40%乙腈;20～24 min,40%乙腈;24～26 min,40%～52%乙腈;26～30 min,52%乙腈;30～31 min,52%～90%乙腈;31～35 min,90%乙腈;35～40 min,90%～100%乙腈;40～43min,100%乙腈;43～45min,100%～20%乙腈;检测波长215nm,体积流量1.0m L/min,柱温30℃,进样量20μL。结果各成分在43 min内分离良好,沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的线性范围分别为1.4～13.6、10.0～200.0、31.5～315.0、1.0～120.1、1.8～50.6、0.93～10.1、1.8～30.0、0.2～40.3、1.8～18.1、1.7～25.0、0.45～10.70μg/mL;样品中各成分的平均回收率均在98.90%～100.87%;11种成分精密度RSD在0.55%～1.54%;供试品溶液在30 h内稳定性良好,RSD在0.75%～1.94%;重复性RSD在0.39%～1.73%。6批次样品中沉香四醇、柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、和厚朴酚、大黄素、厚朴酚、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚质量分数分别为92.0～201.0、511.5～9 033.0、5 475.0～12 635.5、54.5～5 095.5、192.0～2 137.5、117.0～391.5、106.5～1 281.5、13.0～136.5、93.5～199.0、177.0～1 207.0、33.5～251.5μg/g。结论本方法准确、快速、简便,重复性好,精密度高,适用于沉香化滞丸中多种活性成分的定量分析。