海洋中药干贝的高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的 建立海洋中药干贝高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱分析方法,为其质量控制和药材鉴别提供依据.方法 采用反相Alltima-C18柱,水(A)和乙腈(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 ml/min,检测波长210 nm,柱温20℃,进样体积30μl;采用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器-质谱联用技术(HPLC-DAD-MS)对其特征峰进行快速分析;采用相似度计算软件用于10批干贝药材的相似度评价.结果 初步建立了干贝药材的HPLC指纹图谱,10批干贝药材指纹图谱有9个共有峰,相似度均在0.85以上;HPLC-DAD-MS分析获得的4个特征峰的紫外光谱和质谱信息,可用于干贝药材指纹图谱特征峰以及共有峰的准确确定.结论 该方法准确、简单、稳定性好,为干贝药材的真伪鉴别及质量控制提供了科学依据.     

不同来源瓜子金药材的HPLC-DAD-ELSD指纹图谱和主成分分析

目的：研究瓜子金药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供可靠方法。方法：瓜子金药材指纹图谱的建立采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-蒸发光散射检测方法,分析条件采用DiscoveryC18色谱柱、流动相为乙腈-甲醇-0.05%三氟乙酸梯度洗脱。二极管阵列检测波长为350nm,蒸发光散射检测漂移管温度为105°C,载气流速为2.6L·min^-1。结果：应用二极管阵列检测-蒸发光散射检测联用可有效的互补,二极管阵列检测可显示出黄酮醇类化合物的特征吸收,蒸发光散射检测显示出皂苷类化合物的吸收信息。主成分分析可准确的对不同来源的瓜子金药材进行分类。结论：高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-蒸发光散射检测方法建立的指纹图谱可作为瓜子金药材质量控制的有效方法。     

广东土牛膝色谱指纹图谱研究

目的:建立广东土牛膝药材的指纹图谱。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立10批广东土牛膝药材的指纹图谱,用液相色谱-质谱联用技术标记指纹图谱中的主要色谱峰。结果:获得的指纹图谱有16个共有峰,聚类分析结果将10批药材分为两类,根据质谱提供的信息标记了5个共有峰。结论:广东土牛膝药材指纹图谱的特征性及专属性强,可用于药材的质量控制。     

尿毒清颗粒HPLC 指纹图谱研究

目的 建立尿毒清颗粒的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,探讨共有特征峰的药材所属.方法 利用二极管阵列检测器,色谱柱为Synergi(4 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为乙腈(A)-0.1%磷酸(B),梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长230 nm,通过药材阴性和阳性对照试验进行原药材与成品的相关性研究.结果 建立23 个共有特征峰的HPLC 指纹图谱,确定了指纹图谱中共有特征峰的药材归属.结论 本研究有助于提高该制剂的质量控制水平.     

黄连HPLC Maxplot指纹图谱的建立

[目的]以高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-PDA)MaxPlot色谱图为基础,建立黄连指纹图谱分析方法。[方法]采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,色谱柱为Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,3.5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液,线性梯度洗脱;210~400 nm波长下提取Maxplot色谱图。以黄连对照药材随行测定所得MaxPlot色谱图作为黄连的标准对照指纹图谱,通过相似度评价黄连药材质量。[结果]结果显示,PDA MaxPlot模式下黄连指纹图谱共获得11个共有峰,较单一波长345 nm下多1个微量成分峰。12批样品指纹图谱与对照药材随行对照标准指纹图谱相似度达0.994以上。[结论]MaxPlot指纹图谱显著提高了黄连中各类成分检测的灵敏度,有效增加了黄连药材共有峰数量,为该药材多成分的质量控制提供了借鉴。     

黄芪药材的HPLC-DAD-ELSD指纹图谱研究

目的:采用高效液相色谱法-二极管阵列检测器-蒸发光检测器( HPLC-DAD-ELSD)联用技术对黄芪药材进行指纹图谱研究.方法:采用Waters 2695-SpursilTMC18色谱柱(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min-1,柱温25℃,进样量20 μL,检测波长254 nm.蒸发光散射检测器的条件为:漂移管温度112.8℃,载气流速3.2L·min-1.结果:10批药材HPLC-DAD指纹图谱找到14个共有峰,鉴别了毛蕊异黄酮和芒柄花素;HPLC-ELSD指纹图谱找到9个共有峰,鉴别了毛蕊异黄酮苷、黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷黏、黄芪皂苷Ⅱ.结论:方法准确可靠,为全面控制黄芪药材质量提供了一种方法.     

桃仁药材UPLC特征指纹图谱研究

目的:建立桃仁药材的超高效液相特征性指纹图谱的测定方法,为有效控制和科学评价桃仁药材质量提供依据.方法:采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.8 μm);流动相乙腈-0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长254 mm.对15批桃仁药材进行特征指纹图谱分析.结果:首次建立了桃仁药材的UPLC特征指纹图谱共有模式,共标定了12个共有峰,指认了其中6个共有峰,15批桃仁药材的相似度为0.884～0.996.结论:本方法快速、高效,可用于桃仁药材的质量评价.     

毛冬青药材的指纹图谱

目的:研究毛冬青药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价和有效控制其内在质量提供可靠方法.方法:毛冬青药材指纹图谱HPLC-UV分析条件如下:Lichrospher C18(250 nun×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱:流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱,检测波长为210 nm.结果:不同来源的9个毛冬青样品与对照药材相比.除3个样品具有相似的指纹图谱外,其余样品的指纹图谱差异较大.对照药材显示16个主要色谱峰,通过对各色谱峰的紫外光谱数据分析并与对照品比较:4、6.7、10.12,13、14、16号峰分别鉴定为丁香脂素.4,4'-O-β-D-双葡萄苷(liriodendin)、广玉兰赖宁苷C(magnolenin C)、无梗五加苷B(acanthoside B)、冬青苷O(ilexoside O),毛冬青皂苷B2(ilexsaponin B2)、毛冬青皂苷A1(ilexsaponin A1)、毛冬青皂苷B1(ilexsaponin B1)和冬青素A(ilexgenin A).根据色谱峰的紫外吸收光谱特征,可将毛冬青药材的指纹图谱分为2个区域:第一个区域的保留时间为5～35 min,共9个主要色谱峰,主要为木脂素类成分;保留时间在35-80 min的色谱峰为第2区,共7个主要峰,多为皂苷类类成分.结论:所建立的液相色谱指纹图谱特征性和专属性强,可作为毛冬青药材内在质量控制的有效方法.     

牡丹皮药材UPLC特征指纹图谱研究

目的:建立牡丹皮药材的超高效液相色谱特征指纹图谱分析方法.方法:采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS 13色谱柱(2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.8 pn);流动相乙腈-0.05%磷酸水,梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm.结果:建立了牡丹皮UPLC特征指纹图谱共有模式,标定了20个共有峰,并指认了10个主要色谱峰,15批牡丹皮药材的相似度为0.973～0.998.结论:本方法快速、高效,可用于牡丹皮药材的质量评价.     

高良姜道地药材的高相液相色谱指纹图谱研究

目的:采用高效液相色谱法建立了广东徐闻高良姜药材的指纹图谱。方法:采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)进行峰识别和分离度判断,获得优化的色谱分离条件:Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(2.0 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相A为0.1%HAC水溶液,流动相B为15%乙腈+40%甲醇+45%四氢呋喃,程序梯度洗脱;流速0.2 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长280 nm。结果:对所采集的10批高良姜药材进行了测定,建立了高良姜的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,确定了10个共有峰及其相对保留时间和相对峰面积。结论:本分析方法稳定、可靠,可用于高良姜药材质量的控制和鉴别。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。