戟叶酸模正丁醇部位化学成分分析

目的:对中药戟叶酸模正丁醇萃取物的化学成分进行研究。方法:利用正相和反相硅胶柱、羟丙基葡萄糖凝胶柱色谱等方法对化学成分进行分离及纯化,根据化合物理化性质及波谱数据鉴定其结构。结果:分离得到10个化合物,分别为nepodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(1),6-hydroxymusizin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(2),torachysone-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(3),isorhamnetin(4),emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(5),7-hydroxy-5-methyl-coumarin-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(6),nepodin-8-O-β-d-(6'-O-acetyl)-glucopyranoside(7),2-(2',6'-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-methylbenzoic acid-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside(8),polydatin(9)和rumexoside(10)。结论:化合物6,7,8为首次从酸模属植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,3,4,5,9,10为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

楹树叶的化学成分

目的:研究楹树叶的化学成分.方法:应用各种色谱技术分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构.结果:从95%乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部位分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为:quercetin 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-rutinoside(1),kaempferol 3,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),rutin(3),D-pinitol(4),luteolin 7-O-β-D.glucopyranoside(5),(+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),(-)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-glucopyranoside(7),syringin(8).结论:化合物1,2,4,6～8为首次从该属植物中获得,化合物3和5为首次从该植物中获得.     

走马胎化学成分研究

目的:对紫金牛科紫金牛属植物走马胎干燥根茎进行化学成分研究.方法:对走马胎根茎乙酸乙酯提取物进行 各种柱色谱分离,根据所得化合物的波谱数据鉴定结构.结果:分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别鉴定为11 -O-galloylbergenin(1),11 -O-syringylbergenin(2),11 -O-protocatechuoylbergenin (3),4-O-galloylbergenin (4),11-O-香草酰岩白菜素(5),表儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯(6),豆甾醇-3 -O-β-D-呲喃葡萄糖苷(7),(一)-4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl-β-D-[ 6-O-(4″-hydroxy-3”,5”-dimethoxy-benzoyl)] -glucopyranoside(8),β-谷甾醇(9).结论:化合物3,4,7为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物1,2,5,6为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

巴东醉鱼草化学成分研究

目的:对巴东醉鱼草地上部分化学成分进行研究.方法:利用硅胶柱色谱、聚酰胺柱色谱进行分离纯化,并运用现代波谱技术进行结构鉴定.结果:从巴东醉鱼草地上部分分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为:木犀草素(1),槲皮素(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),洋芹素(4),洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),洋芹素-7-O-新橙皮苷(6),金合欢素-7-O-a-L-鼠李糖(1-6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),cmnioside A(8),acetylmartynoside B(9),4"-O-acety-lmartynoside(10),异角胡麻苷(11).结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中得到,其中化合物8首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

江西道地药材江香薷的化学成分研究

目的:研究江香薷Mosla chinensis‘jiangxiangru’的化学成分。方法:利用葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、硅胶和MPLC等色谱方法进行化合物的分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质、光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果:从江香薷中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为:吲哚-3-甲酸-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(β-D-Glucopyranosyl indole-3-carboxylic acid,1),香荆芥酚(carvacrol,2),百里氢醌-5-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(thymoquinol-2-O-β-glucopyranoside,3),百里氢醌-2-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(thymoquinol-5-O-β-glu-copyranoside,4),百里氢醌-2,5-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(thymoquinol-2,5-O-β-diglucopyranoside,5),木犀草素(luteolin,6),5,6-二羟基-7-甲氧基黄酮(7-甲醚黄芩素,negletein,7),丁香酸(syringic acid,8),对羟基苯甲酸(p-hydroxybenzoic acid,9),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl terephthalte,10),齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,11),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,12)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,尤其是化合物1,3,4,5为首次从石荠苎属植物中分离得到。     

贯叶金丝桃化学成分研究

目的:研究贯叶金丝桃Hypericum perforatum的化学成分。方法:通过各种柱色谱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据对所得化合物进行结构鉴定;测定化合物对基因重组人PTP1B的抑制率。结果:从中分离并鉴定了10个化合物:D-甘露醇(1),邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(2),(7E,6R,9S)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(3),(6S,9R)-roseoside(4),2,6-dim-ethoxy-4-hydroquinone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),syringate4-O-β-glucopyranoside(7),金丝桃素(8),skyrin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9),(R)-3,4-二羟基-苯甲酸-1’-丙三醇酯(10)。在2μmol.L-1时,化合物9对基因重组人PTP1B的抑制率为96.4%,IC50为2.5μmol.L-1。结论:化合物10为新化合物,化合物2～4,7为首次从该属中分离得到,化合物5,6从该植物中首次得到。体外活性筛选表明化合物8具有显著的PTP1B抑制作用。     

小飞蓬中黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:研究小飞蓬全草中黄酮类化学成分.方法:对小飞蓬全草乙醇提取物的各个萃取部位进行反复柱色谱,根据光谱数据和理化性质确定化合物结构.结果:从小飞蓬干燥全草中分离得到12个黄酮类化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素-7-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),槲皮素(2),木犀草素(3),芹菜素(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-3′-甲氧基黄酮(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),芹菜素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷甲酯(9),4′-羟基黄芩素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(10),黄芩苷(11),芦丁(12).结论:化合物1为首次从菊科中分离得到,化合物5和9为首次从飞蓬属中分离得到,化合物3～4,7～8,11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

钩吻非生物碱类化学成分研究

目的:对钩吻 Gelsemium elegans的非生物碱类化学成分进行研究.方法:采用不同柱色谱技术进行分离,通过波谱分析确定化合物结构.结果:分离鉴定了10个化合物,其中3个酚酸类化合物,2个黄酮类化合物,2个香豆素,2个果糖衍生物,1个核苷类化合物.分别为tamarixin(1),tamarixetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(2),东莨菪苷(3),东莨菪内酯(4),尿嘧啶核苷(5),咖啡酸(6),咖啡酸乙酯(7),阿魏酸乙酯(8),乙基-α-D-呋喃果糖苷(9),和乙基-β-D-吡喃果糖苷(10).结论:化合物1～3,5～10均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1,2,5～10为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

泽兰的化学成分研究

目的:研究泽兰的化学成分.方法:用硅胶、反相硅胶、凝胶柱色谱等方法分离化合物,用波谱方法结合理化性质鉴定其结构.结果:从泽兰中分离得到8个化合物,分别为白桦酸(1),arjunetin(2),齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖酯(3),芹菜苷(4),木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甲酯(6),木犀草素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸丁酯(7),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(8).结论:化合物2,3,4,7均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

络石藤中微量化学成分的分离及结构鉴定

目的:研究中药络石藤的微量化学成分。方法:采用聚酰胺,硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,并通过分析波谱数据确定化学结构。结果:从络石藤中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为岩白菜素(1),柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),牛蒡子苷元-4’-O-β-龙胆二糖苷(3),罗汉松树脂酚-4’-O-β-龙胆二糖苷(4),紫花络石苷元(5),紫花络石苷(6),4-去甲基紫花络石苷元(7),木樨草素-7-O-β-龙胆二糖苷(8),牛蒡子苷(9),络石苷元-4’-O-β-龙胆二糖苷(10),木樨草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)。结论:化合物1,2为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物3～7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

贝母类药材湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis系统位置的探讨——来自ITS,rpl16,matK序列的证据

湖北贝母为传统中药,然而《Flora of China》将其基原植物湖北贝母Fritillaria hupehensis归并于天目贝母F.monantha项下。该实验采用分子系统学方法,以川百合Lilium davidii为外类群,用核基因ITS序列和叶绿体基因rpl16序列、matK序列等3个片段对湖北贝母及其近缘类群天目贝母F.monantha、安徽贝母F.anhuiensis等进行联合建树分析,对湖北贝母植物的系统位置进行了探讨,为湖北贝母药材的安全使用提供分子证据。结果显示,分子系统树上,3种贝母各自的居群聚为一支,之后天目贝母与安徽贝母聚为一支,最后与湖北贝母聚为一支。表明湖北贝母与天目贝母的亲缘关系可能要远于安徽贝母与天目贝母之间的关系,因此不适宜将湖北贝母归并于天目贝母。     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.