音乐噪音掩蔽治疗感音神经性耳鸣

对80例感音神经性耳鸣患者随机分成三组进行治疗：A组（20例）给予口服ATP片；B组（30例）给予噪音掩蔽治疗；C组（30例）给予音乐噪音掩蔽治疗。结果：A组痊愈0例，有效8例（40．0％），无效12例（60．0％）；B组分别为3例（10．0％），15例（50．0％），12例（40．0％）；C组分别为5例（16．7％），20例（66．7％），5例（16．6％）。与A、B组比较，C组疗效明显提高（t分别=3．153、2．013，P均〈0．05）。认为音乐噪音掩蔽疗法是治疗感音神经性耳鸣的一种新的有效的方法，患者无痛苦，易于接受，无不良反应发生。     

健胃灵合剂防治胃癌癌前病变的临床研究

对经胃镜及病理学确诊的慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠化和（或）异型增生的患者，随机分为治疗组（健胃灵合剂）６１例，对照组（维酶素胶囊）３１例。治疗６个月后复查，结果临床总效率分别为９１．８％、５４．８％，胃镜疗效分别为８６．９％、５１．６％，病理疗效分别为７７．０％、４１．６％两组比较均提示有非常显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

三皮汤加味治疗溃疡性结肠炎临床疗效观察

[目的]评价三皮汤加味治疗溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的临床疗效和安全性。[方法]采用随机对照观察，将符合人选标准的79例UC患者分为治疗组（49例）、对照组（30例）。治疗组给予三皮汤加味煎剂100ml，4次／d；对照组给予柳氮磺胺吡啶片（SASP）1．0g，4次／d。疗程均为4周。[结果]治疗组和对照组的临床有效率分别为91．8％、76．7％，治疗组显著优于对照组（P〈0．01）；腹泻，腹痛、黏液血便总有效率治疗组分别为91．5％、91．1％、95．0％，对照组分别为80．0％、73．3％、70．8％，治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）；结肠镜下疗效观察，治疗组显著优于对照组，其有效率分别为71．6％、46．7％（P〈0．01）。治疗组未见明显不良反应，对照组以恶心、上腹不适为多见（26．7％），白细胞减少次之（20．0％）。[结论]三皮汤加味治疗UC是一个安全、有效配方，可在临床中推广使用。     

埃索美拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗胃溃疡的临床分析

目的对比埃索美拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗胃溃疡的疗效。方法将经胃镜证实的胃溃疡病人随机分为埃索美拉唑组（治疗组60例）与奥美拉唑组（对照组58例）。治疗组应用埃索美拉唑40mg,对照组用奥美拉唑20Ing均睡前服,治疗3周、6周后均复查胃镜,观察溃疡愈合情况。结果治疗3周后治疗组和对照组病人胃镜下胃溃疡的愈合率、显效率、有效率分别是36．7％和17．2％、75．0％和43．1％、95．0％和72．4％,治疗组疗效明显高于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗6周后治疗组和对照组病人胃镜下胃溃疡的愈合率、显效率、有效率分别是40．0％和37．9％、86．7％和81．0％、98．3％和96．6％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论埃索美拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗胃溃疡的愈合率、显效率、有效率相当,但埃索美拉唑起效快,治疗时间短,不良反应少,值得在临床上广泛应用。     

多足球囊内放疗装置的研制及其在脑胶质瘤术后^32P内放疗中的应用

160例脑胶质瘤患者均行手术治疗,术后随机分为A、B两组,A组（80例）采用普通球囊法放疗,B组（80例）采用多足球囊法放疗,比较其近、远期疗效及两组治疗前及治疗后6、12个月时的Kamofsky评分。治疗6、12个月时总有效率,A组分别为81．2％、68．8％,B组分别为95．0％、89．9％,两组相比,P〈0．05,P〈0．01。1、3、5a生存率A组分别为70．9％（56／79）、48．1％（38／79）、29．1％（23／79）,B组分别为88．5％（69／78）、70．5％（55／78）、42．3％（33／78）,两组相比,P均〈0．05。两组治疗后Karnofsky评分较治疗前均有好转,其中治疗6个月时两组相比,P〈0．05。认为多足球囊法^32P内放疗治疗脑胶质瘤,较普通球囊法,可明显提高疗效和生存质量。     

膦甲酸钠治疗重度慢性乙型肝炎的临床研究

目的探讨膦甲酸治疗重度慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的疗效和安全性。方法208例患者按1：1随机分为治疗组和对照组，治疗组109例，膦甲酸钠注射液3．0g／250ml静脉点滴，每日2次，疗程4周。对照组为99例，等渗盐水250ml静脉点滴，每日2次，疗程4周，随访24周。结果用药4周时，治疗组和对照组的HBV DNA阴转率分别为12．8％和7．1％，随访24周时分别为5．5％和3．0％，差异无统计学意义。治疗组治疗后HBV DNA≤10）拷贝／ml在用药4周．停药随访24周分别为64．2％（70／109）和40．4％（44／109），对照组分别为30．3％（30／99）和22．2％（22／99），x^2值分别为24．466和8．962，P值均〈0．01，差异有统计学意义。HBeAg转阴率用药4周、随访24周，治疗组分别为17．3％（14／81）、22．0％（11／50）；对照组分别为5．8％（5／87）和5．4％（4／74），P值分别为0．0266和0．0096，差异有统计学意义。HBeAg血清转换率用药4周、随访24周，治疗组分别为12．7％（10／79）和16．7％（8／48）；对照组分别为3．7％（3／82）和1．5％（1／69），P值分别为0．0445和0．0034。差异有统计学意义。治疗结束时，应答率分别为60．6％和21．2％，Z=5．6683，P〈0．05。结论膦甲酸钠注射液治疗重度慢性乙型病毒性肝炎有较好的疗效和安全性。     

外科手术和血管内治疗颅内动脉瘤的术后疗效分析

目的探讨外科手术和血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤患者的术后疗效。方法282例（337个）颅内动脉瘤患者，剔除55例采用联合手术（7例）或未经手术治疗（48例）的患者后，对其中的128例（45．4％）行血管内治疗，99例（35．1％）行外科手术治疗。回顾性分析两种治疗方法的术后并发症、住院时间和出院时的GOS评分。结果血管内治疗组和外科手术组预后良好率分别为91．4％和79．8％（x^2=6．380，P=0．012）；预后不良率分别为8．8％和20．2％（x^2=6．380，P=0．012）；两组的病死率分别为4．7％和5．1％（x^2=0．016，P=0．899），术后并发症发生率分别为36．36％和17．19％（x^2=10．791，P=0．001）。结论经过选择的颅内动脉瘤病例，血管内治疗优于外科手术治疗。     

头孢他啶联合奈替米星或左氧氟沙星治疗老年医院获得性肺炎的对照观察

目的 观察头孢他啶联合奈替米星治疗老年医院获得性肺炎（Hospital acquired pneumonia）的疗效。方法 将42例病人随机分为两组，治疗组22例，予头孢他啶2．0g静滴，每日2次；同时予奈替米星0．2～0．3g静滴，每日11次。对照组20例予头孢他啶2．0g静滴，每日2次；同时予左氧氟沙星0．5g静滴，每日1次。疗程均为7-14d。结果 治疗组与对照纽的有效率分别为81．8％和80％；两组的细菌清除率分别为84．6％和83．3％；药物不良反应发生率分别为13、6％和10％，两组比较均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 头孢他啶联合奈替米星治疗老年医院获得性肺炎安全、有效。     

双镜联合技术在胃间质瘤治疗中的应用

目的探讨双镜联合（胃镜联合腹腔镜）治疗胃间质瘤的安全性和有效性。方法2010年至2013年间采用双镜联合、单纯胃镜、单纯腹腔镜、传统开腹手术治疗的胃间质瘤患者共107例，比较4种治疗方式的操作时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间，以及术后并发症发生和肿瘤复发情况。结果所有病例手术顺利，术后无死亡及治疗相关并发症，随访至今无复发。双镜联合组、单纯胃镜组，单纯腹腔镜组、传统开腹组肿瘤直径分别为（3．7±2．8）em、（2．1±1．2）em、（3．8±2．4）em和（4．2±2．6）em，操作时间分别为（1．8±1．0）h、（0．8±0．5）h、（2．4±1．0）h和（2．5±1．0）h，术中出血量分别为（39．4±42．7）ml、（35．0±37．2）ml、（59．3±54．6）ml和（236，7±332．2）ml，术后胃肠道功能恢复时间分别为（2．6±1．3）d、（0．5±0．1）d、（3．7±1．4）d和（5．3±2．4）d，术后下床活动时间分别为（0．5±0．1）d、（0．4±0．1）d、（0．6±0．2）d和（3．7±0．7）d，术后住院时间分别为（7．1±5．1）d、（2．0±1．8）d、（9．2±3．1）d和（11．5±4．0）d。双镜联合组操作时间、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间显著短于单纯腹腔镜组（P〈0．05），操作时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间均显著短于或少于传统开腹组（P〈0．05），肿瘤直径、操作时间、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间明显大于或长于单纯胃镜组（P〈0．05）。结论双镜联合治疗胃间质瘤安全可行，适用范围广，且创伤小、术后恢复快，近期疗效令人满意，其远期疗效仍需进一步随访。     

蒲地蓝口服液辅助治疗成人急／慢性支气管炎临床观察

目的：观察蒲地蓝口服液联合克拉霉素治疗成人急／慢性支气管炎的临床疗效。方法将160例急／慢性支气管炎患者随机分为两组：治疗组（蒲地蓝口服液＋克拉霉素）80例,对照组（单用克拉霉素）80例。记录两组患者治疗前后症状和体征等,并评价临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为93．8％,对照组总有效率为77．5％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）;治疗组在改善体温、咳嗽、咳痰、罗音、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比等方面均优于对照组（P ＜0．05）。治疗组痰液性质、痰量、咳痰难易程度的消失率分别为52．5％、37．7％、47．5％;平均消失天数分别为（6．54±2．04）、（6．56±2．03）、（6．49±2．06）天;对照组则分别为36．5％、30．8％、32．7％;平均消失天数分别为（6．77±2．13）、（6．92±2．09）、（6．89±2．10）天;两组消失率、消失天数均显著下降,消失率与痰液评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）,而平均消失天数两组比较差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。两组患者治疗过程中未出现明显不良反应。结论蒲地蓝口服液联合克拉霉素治疗成人急／慢性支气管炎临床疗效优于单用克拉霉素治疗,尤其对痰量多者效果更佳,是一种安全有效的方法。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.