恩替卡韦抗乙型肝炎病毒剂量和疗效的研究

目的探讨恩替卡韦(ETV)治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的抗病毒活性,以找到一个合理的剂量用于今后大样本的临床试验。方法多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床试验,选择未经抗病毒治疗的CHB患者212例,按1:1:1的比例随机分为ETV 0.1 mg组69例,ETV 0.5 mg组72例,安慰剂组71例,治疗28d,并停药观察56 d。检测患者血清HBV DNA水平、乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)和肝功能的变化。结果ETV组表现出明显的抗病毒活性,在治疗28 d后,用bDNA法检测HBV DNA水平,ETV 组中达到主要终点疗效(HBV DNA水平下降2个对数级或达测不出水平)的患者比例明显高于安慰剂组(分别为86%、93%、3%,P<0.01);0.5 mg/d ETV组的HBV DNA下降幅度>0.1 mg/d ETV组(P <0.01)。在56 d的停药观察期间,0.5 mg/d ETV组患者HBV DNA的反弹幅度<0.1 mg/d ETV组(P<0.01)。三组不良事件的发生率相当(ETV 0.1 mg组45%,ETV 0.5 mg组40%,安慰剂组42%)。无一例发生约物相关的严重不良反应。结论ETV组的抗病毒活性显著优于安慰剂,0.5 mg/d组的ETV的抗病毒活性比0.1 mg/d组更强且持久。     

A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and tolerability of entecavir in Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Entecavir is a nucleoside analogue with potent in vitro activity against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). This randomized, dose-ranging, phase 2 study compared the efficacy and safety of entecavir with lamivudine in lamivudine-refractory patients. METHODS: Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and -negative patients (n = 182), viremic despite lamivudine treatment for > or =24 weeks or having documented lamivudine resistance substitutions, were switched directly to entecavir (1.0, 0.5, or 0.1 mg daily) or continued on lamivudine (100 mg daily) for up to 76 weeks. RESULTS: At week 24, significantly more patients receiving entecavir 1.0 mg (79%) or 0.5 mg (51%) had undetectable HBV DNA levels by branched chain DNA assay compared with lamivudine (13%; P < .0001). Entecavir 1.0 mg was superior to entecavir 0.5 mg for this end point (P < .01). After 48 weeks, mean reductions in HBV DNA levels were 5.06, 4.46, and 2.85 log(10) copies/mL on entecavir 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mg, respectively, significantly higher than 1.37 log(10) copies/mL on lamivudine. Significantly higher proportions of patients achieved normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels on entecavir 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mg (68%, 59%, and 47%, respectively) than on lamivudine (6%). One virologic rebound due to resistance occurred (in the 0.5-mg group). CONCLUSIONS: In HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative lamivudine-refractory patients, treatment with entecavir 1.0 and 0.5 mg daily was well tolerated and resulted in significant reductions in HBV DNA levels and normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels. One milligram of entecavir was more effective than 0.5 mg in this population.     

Efficacy and safety of entecavir in nucleoside-naive, chronic hepatitis B patients: Phase II clinical study in Japan

Background and Aim:  Entecavir has demonstrated clinical efficacy for chronic hepatitis B. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of entecavir in nucleoside-naive Japanese chronic hepatitis B patients.
Methods:  In this multicenter, double-blind study, 66 nucleoside-naive Japanese chronic hepatitis B patients were randomized to 0.1 mg entecavir ( n  = 32) or 0.5 mg entecavir ( n  = 34) daily for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients whose serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA decreased from baseline by ≥2 log₁₀ copies/mL or became undetectable (<400 copies/mL by polymerase chain reaction assay) at week 48.
Results:  One hundred percent of patients in both treatment groups achieved the primary efficacy endpoint, with 81% and 68% of patients achieving undetectable HBV DNA in the 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg treatment groups, respectively. Mean changes from baseline in HBV DNA were −4.49 log₁₀ and −4.84 log₁₀ copies/mL for the 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg groups, respectively. Significant improvements in necroinflammation were seen in both groups, as assessed by Knodell and New Inuyama classifications. Most adverse events were transient and classified as grade 1 or 2. There were no clinically significant differences in adverse events across the two treatment groups and no discontinuations due to adverse events in either group.
Conclusions:  In Japanese nucleoside-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B, 0.1 mg or 0.5 mg entecavir daily provided excellent efficacy and was well tolerated. The 0.5 mg dose was selected for the treatment of nucleoside-naive patients.     

Entecavir for the treatment of lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients in China

Purpose This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of entecavir in Chinese patients with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B. Methods One hundred forty-five lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomized to double-blind treatment with oral entecavir 1 mg (n = 116) or placebo (n = 29) daily for 12 weeks, followed by 36 weeks of open-label entecavir treatment. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay at week 12. Results At week 12, the mean change from baseline in serum HBV DNA by PCR assay was –4.30 log₁₀ copies/ml for patients on entecavir compared to –0.15 log₁₀ copies/ml for patients on placebo (P < .0001). Among patients with baseline serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1 × upper limit of normal (ULN), a higher proportion of entecavir than placebo patients (68% vs. 6%, respectively) achieved ALT normalization by week 12 (P < .0001). After 48 weeks of entecavir treatment, the mean change in HBV DNA by PCR assay was –5.08 log₁₀ copies/ml, and 85% of patients with baseline ALT >1 × ULN had achieved ALT normalization. The safety profile of entecavir was similar to that of placebo during the first 12 weeks of blinded dosing. Entecavir was also well tolerated during 36 weeks of open-label treatment. Conclusions Lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B patients treated with entecavir demonstrated marked HBV DNA reduction and normalization of ALT in most cases. Entecavir treatment for 48 weeks was well tolerated. This clinical trial was sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, USA.     

Entecavir is superior to lamivudine in reducing hepatitis B virus DNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Entecavir is a novel and selective nucleoside analogue with potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: In a 24-week, double-blind, randomized, multicenter, phase II clinical trial, the safety and efficacy of entecavir (0.01 mg/day, 0.1 mg/day, or 0.5 mg/day orally) were compared with lamivudine (100 mg/day orally). Patients (n = 169) chronically infected with HBV (hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-positive and -negative) were evaluated for efficacy. RESULTS: Compared with lamivudine, entecavir reduced HBV DNA by an additional 0.97 log(10) at the 0.1-mg/day dose and an additional 1.28 log(10) at the 0.5-mg/day dose (P < 0.0001). A clear dose-response relationship was observed for entecavir with the higher doses showing significantly greater viral suppression. In patients treated with entecavir 0.5 mg/day, 83.7% had an HBV-DNA level below the lower limit of detection of the Quantiplex branched DNA (bDNA) assay (Bayer-Versant Diagnostics, formerly Chiron Diagnostics, Emeryville, CA), compared with 57.5% treated with 100 mg/day lamivudine (P = 0.008). In both treatment arms, very few patients achieved HBeAg loss and/or seroconversion by week 22. More patients treated with the 0.1-mg/day and 0.5-mg/day doses of entecavir had normalization of alanine transaminase (ALT) levels at week 22 compared with lamivudine (P = not significant). Entecavir was well tolerated; most adverse events were mild to moderate, transient, and comparable in all study arms. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that entecavir has potent antiviral activity against HBV at 0.1-mg/day and 0.5-mg/day doses, both of which were superior to lamivudine in chronically infected HBV patients.     

Antiviral activity, dose–response relationship, and safety of entecavir following 24-week oral dosing in nucleoside-naive Japanese adult patients with chronic hepatitis B: a randomized, double-blind, phase II clinical trial

Purpose  A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study (ETV-047) was conducted to evaluate the dose–response relationship of entecavir and compare its antiviral activity and safety with lamivudine in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods  One hundred thirty-seven nucleoside-naive adult patients with CHB were randomized to once-daily oral doses of entecavir 0.01, 0.1, or 0.5 mg or lamivudine 100 mg for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy end point used to evaluate the dose–response relationship was mean change from baseline in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level at week 22, as determined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Results  Entecavir demonstrated a clear dose–response relationship, with mean change from baseline in serum HBV DNA level of −3.11, −4.77, and −5.16 log₁₀ copies/ml with entecavir 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg, respectively. Entecavir 0.5 mg was superior to lamivudine 100 mg for the mean change in HBV DNA level (−5.16 vs. −4.29 log₁₀ copies/ml; P = 0.007). The overall incidence of adverse events was comparable between treatment groups. Two patients discontinued treatment because of adverse events (one with liver cirrhosis [entecavir 0.5 mg] and one with grade 4 serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, nausea, and malaise [lamivudine 100 mg]). Serum ALT flares were observed in four patients; flares were associated with 2 log₁₀ reductions or more in HBV DNA level and resolved without dose interruption. Conclusion  Entecavir 0.01–0.5 mg is well tolerated and produces a dose-dependent reduction in viral load in nucleoside-naive Japanese patients with CHB. Compared with lamivudine 100 mg, entecavir 0.1 mg demonstrated noninferiority and entecavir 0.5 mg was superior in this population.     

Loss of HBsAg antigen during treatment with entecavir or lamivudine in nucleoside‐naïve HBeAg‐positive patients with chronic hepatitis B*

Summary. This retrospective analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of nucleoside‐naïve hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive patients with chronic hepatitis B, who achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during entecavir or lamivudine therapy. HBeAg‐positive adults with chronic hepatitis B, elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, and compensated liver disease were randomized to double‐blind treatment for up to 96 weeks with entecavir 0.5 mg/day or lamivudine 100 mg/day. HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA were measured at regular intervals during and off‐treatment follow‐up. Through a maximum duration of 96 weeks on‐treatment and 24 weeks off‐treatment, HBsAg loss was confirmed in 18/354 (5.1%) patients treated with entecavir and 10/355 (2.8%) patients treated with lamivudine. Among the 28 patients with confirmed HBsAg loss, 27 (96%) achieved HBV DNA <300 copies/mL, and 27 (96%) achieved confirmed HBeAg loss. All entecavir recipients with HBsAg loss had HBV DNA <300 copies/mL. Caucasian patients, and those infected with HBV genotype A or D, were significantly more likely to lose HBsAg. This retrospective analysis of data from a randomized, global phase three trial shows that confirmed loss of HBsAg occurred in 5% of nucleoside‐naïve HBeAg‐positive patients treated with entecavir, and that HBsAg loss is associated with sustained off‐treatment suppression of HBV DNA.     

Efficacy and safety of entecavir versus adefovir in chronic hepatitis B patients with hepatic decompensation: a randomized, open-label study

A randomized, open-label comparative study of entecavir versus adefovir therapy was performed in subjects with chronic hepatitis B who had hepatic decompensation (Child-Turcotte-Pugh score ≥7). Adult subjects were randomized and treated (n = 191) with entecavir 1.0 mg or adefovir 10 mg daily for up to 96 weeks from the date of last subject randomization. Subjects were positive or negative for hepatitis B e antigen and experienced or naive for treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean reduction in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, as determined by polymerase chain reaction, at week 24, adjusted for baseline HBV DNA and lamivudine resistance status by linear regression analysis. Entecavir demonstrated superiority to adefovir for this endpoint (treatment difference 1.74 log(10) copies/mL [95% confidence interval -2.30, -1.18]; P < 0.0001). The entecavir group showed a greater change from baseline in HBV DNA at all time points through week 48 and a higher proportion of subjects who achieved HBV DNA < 300 copies/mL at weeks 24 (entecavir 49%; adefovir 16%; P < 0.0001) and 48 (entecavir 57%; adefovir 20%; P < 0.0001). Approximately two-thirds of subjects in both groups showed improvement/stabilization in Child-Turcotte-Pugh status. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score change at week 48 was -2.6 for entecavir and -1.7 for adefovir. Adverse event rates were comparable between groups. Cumulative hepatocellular carcinoma rates were 12% for entecavir and 20% for adefovir. Cumulative death rates were 23% for entecavir and 33% for adefovir. Week 24 mortality rates were 12% for both groups. conclusion: Entecavir demonstrated superior virologic efficacy to adefovir in a population of patients with chronic hepatitis B who had hepatic decompensation. Biochemical and clinical benefits were also demonstrated. Entecavir was well tolerated, and early mortality rates were consistent with rates observed in similar populations treated with lamivudine.     

恩替卡韦治疗拉米夫定失效的慢性乙型肝炎患者5年的临床疗效

目的 评价恩替卡韦(ETV)对重庆地区拉米夫定治疗失效的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者5年的疗效和安全性.方法 选取拉米夫定治疗失效的CHB患者32例,随机分为ETV组(剂量1.0 mg/d)28例和安慰剂组4例,完成12周的双盲治疗后,患者均接受开放的ETV(剂量1.0 mg/d)治疗,持续治疗至240周.分别检测治疗2、4、8、12、24、48、96、144、168、240周时患者的血清HBV DNA水平、HBsAg与HBeAg状态和肝功能情况.双盲阶段HBV DNA水平变化情况经Mauchly"球对称"检验后采用重复测量数据方差分析;连续性变量的统计描述用均数±标准差(x±s)表示.结果 在接受ETV治疗后,12周时ETV组患者血清HBV DNA水平平均下降4.05 log10拷贝/ml,安慰剂组平均下降0.08 log10拷贝/ml(P<0.05).治疗240周时,ETV组患者HBV DNA水平均值下降至2.58 log10拷贝/ml.HBV DNA<3 log10拷贝/ml患者的百分比在治疗前为0,从第8周开始上升(6.25%),24周时为15.6%,尤其在96周明显上升(50%),到240周末为57.14%.240周末有2例出现HBsAg血清学转换,4例出现HBeAg血清学转换.服用ETV后ALT水平下降较迅速,12周后均数达正常水平,且5年持续低于40 U/L.5年治疗期间,患者不良事件发生率为21%,有1例出现严重不良事件. 结论 ETV(1.0 mg/d)治疗拉米夫定失效的CHB患者具有显著的抗病毒和临床疗效,且安全性及耐受性良好.     

Efficacy of entecavir treatment for lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B over 3 years: Histological improvement or entecavir resistance?

Background and Aims:  Long-term lamivudine therapy is required for patients with chronic hepatitis B, because hepatitis reappears frequently after it has withdrawn. However, hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants resistant to lamivudine emerge frequently accompanied by breakthrough hepatitis.
Methods:  Effects of entecavir were evaluated in 19 patients who had developed breakthrough hepatitis during lamivudine therapy for longer than 5 years. This study is a subgroup analysis of a previously reported study. Entecavir, in either 0.5 or 1.0 mg/day doses, was given to 10 and nine patients for 52 weeks, respectively, and then all received 1.0 mg/day entecavir for an additional 68–92 weeks.
Results:  There were no differences in biochemical and virological responses in the two groups of patients with respect to the two different initial doses of entecavir. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase were normalized in 17 (90%) patients, and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) disappeared from the serum in two (14%) of the 14 patients who were HBeAg-positive before. Furthermore, a decrease in histological activity index score greater than 2 points was achieved in nine of the 11 (82%) patients in whom annual liver biopsies were performed during 3 years while they received entecavir. HBV mutants resistant to entecavir emerged in five of the 19 (26%) patients, and hepatitis flare occurred in two of them (40%).
Conclusion:  Entecavir in the long term would be useful for histological improvement of breakthrough hepatitis induced by lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the relatively high rate of entecavir resistance is a concern, and other strategies need to be considered when available.     

恩替卡韦治疗104例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者96周的疗效观察

目的 观察恩替卡韦治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化的临床疗效.方法 随机选择就诊于长春市中日联谊医院消化内科未经过抗病毒治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者104例,给予恩替卡韦0.5 mg,每日1次口服,连续口服96周时总结临床疗效.观察患者治疗前、后血清HBV DNA水平、肝功能及HBV标志物,其中37例患者治疗前及治疗96周后行肝组织学检查.率的比较采用χ~2检验,相关性分析采用Pearson相关系数.结果 恩替卡韦治疗4周时,HBV DNA水平平均下降3.1 log_(10),至96周时平均下降幅度达到5.1 log_(10),HBV DNA不可测率达到98.1%,ALT复常率达到80.7%;72例HBeAg阳性患者96周时HBeAg/抗-Hbe血清转换率为13.9%.104例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者中,C基因型HBV感染者64例,占61.5%,B基因型28例,占26.9%.不同基因型HBV感染者患者接受恩替卡韦治疗后的HBV DNA不可测率、ALT复常率以及HBeAg血清转换率差异无统计学意义.Child-Pugh C级2例(2/21,9.5%),Child-Pugh B级1例(1/52,1.9%)出现疾病进展,Child-Pugh A级患者31例,未出现疾病进展.37例行肝组织学检查的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者治疗96周时,肝组织学改善者Child-Pugh A级17例(17/21,81.0%),B级6例(6/9,66.7%),C级3例(3/7,42.9%).治疗前HBV DNA水平越高,Knodell HAI评分越高,r=0.80.抗病毒治疗96周后血清HBV DNA下降水平与Knodell HAI评分下降水平仍呈正相关,r=0.93.结论 恩替卡韦抗病毒治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化患者疗效显著,可延缓及阻止肝硬化患者的疾病进展.     

恩替卡韦治疗乙型肝炎失代偿期肝硬化的近期疗效观察

目的：观察恩替卡韦治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者24周时的疗效。方法：乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者36例,采用恩替卡韦0.5mg/d,与32例对照组单纯支持对症治疗比较,观察24周时两组患者肝功能、Child-Pugh分级以及血清HBV DNA自基线下降的水平。结果：治疗24周时治疗组患者肝功能、Child-Pugh分级以及血清HBV DNA自基线下降的水平与对照组比较差异有显著性意义。结论：恩替卡韦能改善乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者肝功能,并能取得良好的抗病毒效果,提高生存率。     

Pretreatment HBeAg level and an early decrease in HBeAg level predict virologic response to entecavir treatment for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B

There are few reports on hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) titres during nucleos(t)ide analogues treatment. We investigated the changes in HBeAg levels in patients treated with entecavir and the usefulness of HBeAg quantification for predicting antiviral response. Ninety-five consecutive HBeAg-positive patients treated with entecavir for more than 48 weeks were enrolled. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBeAg and HBV DNA were assessed at 4-week intervals to week 24 and thereafter at 12-week intervals. Virologic response (Y1VR) was defined as an undetectable HBV DNA level at week 48 of therapy. During 48 weeks, HBeAg and HBV DNA level decreased significantly in a biphasic manner and HBsAg level tended to decease. Fifty-three patients (55.8%) attained Y1VR. Pretreatment HBeAg levels were significantly lower in the Y1VR group than in no Y1VR group. At week 4 and 12 of therapy, 25% and 41.4% of patients showed a decrease of HBeAg levels with >0.5 log(10) and >1.0 log(10) from baseline, respectively. These patients achieved more Y1VR than those with less decrease of HBeAg levels (97.7%vs 22.2% and 86.2%vs 29.3%, respectively). HBeAg level at week 12 had higher predictive values for Y1VR than HBV DNA level. Multivariate analysis revealed that a pretreatment HBeAg level of <360 PEIU/mL and the reduction in HBeAg level >1.0 log(10) at week 12 were associated with Y1VR. These results suggest that pretreatment HBeAg level and an early decrease in HBeAg level are useful measurements for predicting one-year virologic response during entecavir treatment.     

Long-term efficacy of entecavir therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with antiviral resistance to lamivudine and adefovir

No studies have reported the long-term effects of entecavir switching in patients with multidrug resistance who developed resistance after lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy. We evaluated the efficacy of 96 weeks of entecavir therapy in patients with resistance to lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy. In total, 33 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with evidence of active viral replication (HBV DNA levels ≥ 10(5) copies/mL) or a history of treatment failure to lamivudine/adefovir sequential therapy between April 2007 and July 2009 were treated with entecavir (1.0 mg daily) for at least 48 weeks. The rates of alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization and HBV DNA negativity were 66.7% (14/21) and 24.2% (8/33) at 48 weeks, respectively. The initial HBV DNA level was the only factor that was inversely associated with serum HBV DNA negativity after 48 weeks of entecavir therapy (P < 0.023). At 96 weeks, the rates of ALT normalization and HBV DNA negativity were 77.8% (7/9) and 16.7% (3/18), respectively. Viral breakthrough occurred in 21.2% (7/33) and 78.9% (15/19) of patients at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively. Patients who achieved a HBV DNA level of <4 log(10) copies/mL at 48 weeks maintained a similar HBV DNA level and a normal ALT level until 96 weeks. Entecavir monotherapy for 96 weeks was not efficacious for patients with lamivudine/adefovir-resistant HBV. The initial HBV DNA level was the only predictive factor for antiviral efficacy. However, patients who achieved a HBV DNA level of <4 log(10) copies/mL with a normal ALT level at 48 weeks should maintain, rather than stop, entecavir therapy.     

恩替卡韦或其联合阿德福韦酯补救治疗拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎

目的 对拉米夫定(LAM)初治耐药后,LAM联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者,分别采用恩替卡韦(ETV)单药或ETV联合ADV进行补救治疗,比较两种补救方案的疗效.方法 对LAM初治耐药后应用LAM联合ADV应答不佳的40例患者,分别应用ETV 1.0 mg/d(14例)及ETV 0.5 mg/d联合ADV 10mg/d (26例)两种方案进行补救治疗,至少观察48周,定期监测HBV DNA、肝肾功能、HBV标志物等指标.根据资料不同分别采用t检验Wilcoxon检验或x2检验.结果 两组患者采用补救治疗前的基线情况差异无统计学意义.分别采用两种补救方案治疗后,两组患者HBV DNA水平均有下降,但ETV联合ADV组下降幅度较大.补救治疗24周时,ETV 1,0mg组有28.6％％(4例)达到HBV DNA转阴,ETV联合ADV组则有80.8％ (21例)达到HBV DNA转阴,x2=8.469,P=0.004,差异具有统计学意义;48周时,ETV1.0mg组仍仅有4例患者HBV DNA转阴,而ETV联合ADV组全部26例患者均达到HBV DNA转阴.补救治疗24周时,ETV 1.0mg组有42.9％(6例)患者ALT复常,ETV联合ADV组有92.3％ (24例)患者ALT复常,x 2=9.337,P=0.002,差异具有统计学意义;48周时,ETV 1.0mg组有57.1％(8例)患者ALT复常,而ETV联合ADV组所有患者均达到ALT复常.补救治疗48周时,ETV 1.0mg组有1例患者发生HBeAg血清学转换,ETV联合ADV组有4例患者发生HBeAg血清学转换.结论 对于LAM耐药后LAM联合ADV应答不佳的慢性乙型肝炎患者,采用ETV联合ADV的补救方案较ETV单药1.0mg的方案更为有效,可以实现更好的病毒学及生物化学应答.     

恩替卡韦和拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎二年病毒学、血清学和生化结果的随机对比研究

目的比较恩替卡韦（ETV）和拉米夫定（LVD）初治慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者2年的疗效和安全性。方法519例核苷类似物初治CHB患者随机分别接受ETV（0．5mg／d）或LVD（100mg／d）治疗，第一阶段疗程52周。在48周时获得综合应答的患者于52周停止治疗并随访。在48周时获得部分应答的患者将继续双盲治疗至96周。评估患者HBVDNA水平、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）复常、血清学标志和安全性方面的情况，并且对基线时HBeAg（＋）患者评估HBeAg转阴和血清转换。结果共338例患者进入96周治疗，其中ETV组193例，I。VD组145例。疗程结束时，ETV组有74％患者HBVDNA测不出（〈300拷贝／m1），96％患者ALT复常。I。VD组HBVDNA测不出和ALT复常率分别为41％和82％。ETV组和LVD组实现HBeAg血清学转换的比例分别为11％和19％。总计2年内所有经治患者HBVDNA的累计转阴率ETV组为79％，LVD组为46％（P〈0．0001）。两组的不良事件和安全性特征相当。结论初治患者中，ETV治疗96周的HBVDNA抑制率和AI。T复常率优于I。VD，而两者的安全性相当。【关键词】乙型肝炎病毒；慢性乙型肝炎；恩替卡韦；拉米夫定；临床试验     

Evaluation of long-term entecavir treatment in stable chronic hepatitis B patients switched from lamivudine therapy

Purpose

Current Japanese guidelines recommend that patients should be switched from lamivudine to entecavir when they meet certain criteria. This analysis examines the efficacy and safety of long-term entecavir therapy in patients who were switched to entecavir after 24 weeks’ lamivudine therapy in Japanese studies ETV-047 and ETV-060.

Methods

The Phase II Japanese study ETV-047 assessed the efficacy of different entecavir doses when compared with lamivudine. A total of 33 Japanese patients who received lamivudine 100 mg daily in ETV-047 entered the open-label rollover study ETV-060 and subsequently received treatment with entecavir 0.5 mg daily. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA suppression, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion, and resistance were evaluated among patients with available samples for up to 96 weeks. Safety was assessed throughout the treatment period.

Results

After 96 weeks of entecavir therapy in ETV-060, 90% of patients achieved HBV DNA <400 copies/mL as compared to 21% of patients who completed 24 weeks of lamivudine therapy in ETV-047. Increasing proportions of patients achieved ALT normalization and HBeAg seroconversion following long-term entecavir treatment. No patients experienced virologic breakthrough, and substitutions associated with entecavir resistance were not observed in patients with detectable HBV DNA. Entecavir was well tolerated during long-term treatment.

Conclusions

Switching lamivudine-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B to entecavir results in increased virologic suppression with no evidence of resistance through 2 years of entecavir therapy. These findings support recommendations in the current Japanese treatment guidelines that stable lamivudine patients should be switched to entecavir.     

Efficacy and safety of entecavir in lamivudine-refractory patients with chronic hepatitis B: randomized controlled trial in Japanese patients

Background and Aim:  Entecavir is a potent inhibitor of both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) with proven clinical efficacy. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in Japan (ETV-052) evaluating the efficacy and safety of two doses of entecavir in adult patients with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B infection.
Methods:  Eighty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B who were refractory to lamivudine therapy were switched from lamivudine to daily oral doses of 0.5 mg entecavir (41 patients) or 1 mg entecavir (43 patients) for 52 weeks.
Results:  The proportions of patients achieving the primary end-point (≥2 log₁₀ reduction in HBV-DNA from baseline by polymerase chain reaction assay or undetectable HBV-DNA levels [<400 copies/mL] at week 48) were 90% and 93% for entecavir 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively, with 33% of patients in each dosing group achieving <400 copies/mL. The mean reduction in HBV-DNA from baseline was 3.58 and 3.75 log₁₀ copies/mL for entecavir 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively. High proportions of patients achieved alanine aminotransferase normalization at week 48 (0.5 mg 86%, 1 mg 78%). Histological improvement was observed in most patients (0.5 mg 52%, 1 mg 60%). Virological breakthrough (increase in HBV-DNA of ≥1 log₁₀ copies/mL from nadir) was observed in one patient but was not associated with selection of entecavir-associated resistance substitutions. Entecavir was well tolerated, with no patients discontinuing study drug due to adverse events.
Conclusions:  These findings indicate that entecavir is safe and effective for the treatment of Japanese adults with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B.     

A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of prednisolone therapy in HBeAg and HBV DNA positive Chinese patients with chronic active hepatitis B

Forty-one hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA positive Chinese patients with chronic active hepatitis B were randomized to receive either prednisolone or placebo oral for 8 weeks. The prednisolone group received 60 mg daily for 2 weeks, 40 mg for 2 weeks, 20 mg for 2 weeks, 10 mg for 1 week and 5 mg for 1 week. In 18 patients receiving prednisolone, serum HBV DNA levels rose during the course of therapy, but dropped abruptly within 1 month of cessation of treatment. Conversely, their serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels decreased during high doses of prednisolone therapy, and then became transiently elevated during the period of withdrawal of prednisolone. At 1 year from initial treatment, the serum HBV DNA and ALT levels were similar between the groups of patients treated with prednisolone or placebo. In the prednisolone treated group, 66.7% of patients became HBV DNA negative, 50% became HBeAg negative, and 33.3% seroconverted to antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe). In the placebo treated group, 60.9% of patients became HBV DNA negative, 60.9% became HBeAg negative, and 56.5% seroconverted to anti-HBe. Hepatic decompensation was not noted in any of the prednisolone-treated patients. Thus, the effects of the withdrawal prednisolone therapy on serum ALT and HBV DNA levels was temporary, and no differences in serum viral markers or biochemical parameters of liver inflammation between these two groups were noted at the 1 year follow-up period.     

恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化的疗效观察

目的观察恩替卡韦治疗失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者48周时的疗效。方法肝硬化患者随机分为两组,分别给予口服恩替卡韦0.5mg/d和拉米夫定100mg/d。观察24、48周时肝功能、凝血酶原活动度（PTA）、血清学、病毒学、肝纤维化指标、Child-Pugh积分等变化情况。结果 24周时肝功能、PTA、肝纤维化指标和Child-Pugh积分等均有所改善,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,随着疗程的延长无明显变化。恩替卡韦组在24、48周时分别有26.1%（6/23）及30.4%（7/23）的患者出现HBeAg血清学转换,但两组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。24、48周HBV DNA水平下降值、HBV DNA阴转率恩替卡韦组高于拉米夫定组（P〈0.05）。结论恩替卡韦能有效、快速抑制失代偿期乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的病毒复制,改善肝功能。