急性心肌梗死直接冠状动脉成形术后再灌注心律失常分析

目的 分析急性心肌梗死直接冠脉成形术后严重再灌注心律失常发生的状况，探讨其预防和紧急治疗方法。方法 行直接经皮冠状动脉成形术的急性心肌梗死患者245例，根据梗死相关动脉分成三组，LAD组：126例；RCA组：97例；LCX组：22例。统计各组经皮冠状动脉成形术后再灌注心律失常发生的状况。结果 共151例患者发生严重的再灌注心律失常，发生率为61．6％；加速性室性自主心律发生率最高(22．0％)，与梗死相关动脉无关；其次是室性早搏(19．2％)，以LAD组最高(27．8％)。RCA组缓慢性心律失常(窦缓、窦性停搏、高度房室传导阻滞)发生率(35．1％)显著高于LAD组(3．9％)和ICX组(22．7％)：LCX组各种再灌注心律失常发生率界于LAD组和RCA组之间。结论 急性心肌梗死直接冠脉成形术后严重心律失常总的发生率较高，心律失常的类型与梗死相关动脉有明确的相关性。     

AMI静脉溶栓后即行PTCA与直接冠状动脉支架术的疗效比较

目的 比较rt-PA(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效.方法119例AMI患者随机分为AB两组.A组65例行rt-PA半量(50mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉血管造影,及经皮冠状动脉腔内血管成行术,B组54例行直接冠状动脉支架术.术后观察20天.结果(1)首次冠状动脉造影显示:A组梗塞相关动脉(IRA)69支,开通为54%:B组IRA 57支,开通率为15%.两组开通率相比有非常显著性差异(P<0.01).(2)A,B两组行PTCA和支架置入术后对IRA恢复TIMI Ⅲ级血流效果相同,A组100%,B组98%,两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).(3)病人住院10～20天,二维超声心动图显示,左心室射血分数(LVEF)达到或超过60%者,A组为88%,而B组仅占69%.两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.05).(4)脑卒中或大出血并发症两组病例均未发生.(5)住院病死率,A组3%(2/65),B组3.7%(2/54),两者相比无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉成形及支架置入术与直接冠状动脉支架置入术治疗AMI临床疗效相比,前者较后者具有更早地使IRA前向血流再灌注,减低冠状动脉支架置入术中并发症发生,从而具有较好的左心室功能保护,且不增加不良事件的发生.     

急性心肌梗死行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术及支架术前静脉溶栓与否的临床比较

目的 :比较rt PA(5 0mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法 14 0例AMI患者 ,随机分为A、B两组。A组 75例行rt PA半量 (5 0mg)静脉溶栓后即刻行冠状动脉造影 (CAG)、PTCA及冠状动脉支架术。B组 6 5例直接行CAG、PTCA及冠状动脉支架术。术后观察 2 0d。结果 :①首次冠状动脉造影显示 :A组梗死相关动脉 (IRA) 83支 ,开通率 5 2 % ;B组IRA 71支 ,开通率 15 %。两组开通率相比差异有非常显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。②A、B两组行PTCA加支架置入术后IRA恢复TIMIⅢ级血流效果基本相同 ,A组 10 0 % ,B组 98.6 % ,两者相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。③患者住院 10～ 2 0d ,二维超声心动图显示 ,左室射血分数达到或超过 6 0 %者 ,A组为 94 .7% ,而B组仅占 4 3.9%。两者相比差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。④脑卒中或大出血并发症两组病例均未发生。⑤住院病死率 ,A组 4 .0 % (3/ 75 ) ,B组 3.1% (2 / 6 5 ) ,两者相比差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :A组较B组具有更早地使IRA前向血流再灌注 ,从而具有较好的左室保护功能 ,且不增加不良事件的发生。     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术中再灌注心律失常监测及急救护理

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)中再灌注心律失常(RA)的特点及急救护理。方法125例行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术AMI患者,其中74例发生RA,根据梗死相关动脉分为:左前降支组(LAD)31例、左回旋支(LCX)组11例、右冠状动脉(RCA)组32例,分析干预不同的冠状动脉中RA的发生情况。结果LAD组发生室性早搏、室性心动过速多见,RCA组发生交界性心律、窦性心动过缓、窦性停搏、房室传导阻滞多见,部分患者需临时心脏起搏、电除颤等。结论AMI患者急诊PCI术中常发生RA。RCA病变患者术中缓慢心律失常(交界性心律、窦性心动过缓、窦性停搏、房室传导阻滞)多见,LAD病变患者术中发生室性早搏、室性心动过速多见,在术前需备好抗心律失常药物(如阿托品、胺碘酮)、备好临时起搏器、除颤仪。术中密切观察心电示波及压力示波并熟练掌握电除颤术。     

初次急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死再灌注心律失常发生的时间和特点

目的探讨紧急血运重建治疗初次ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者开通梗死相关动脉(IRA)后发生再灌注心律失常(RA)的发生时间和特点。方法选择2006年1月至2012年1月初次患急性STEMI入院行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(直接PCI)开通IRA的326例患者,男216例,女110例,年龄37～81〔平均(61.7±9.2)〕岁。从发病到球囊扩张时间为(3.0～7.5)h。观察球囊扩张开通IRA并出现前向血流TIMI 2级或2级以上时到出现RA的时间、RA发生率、RA的类型和持续时间;RA与IRA的关系。结果 326例STEMI患者直接PCI成功达100%,其中272例(83.4%)发生了RA。IRA血管开通到RA出现的时间为5～69 s,平均(21.8±13.9)s;持续时间30 s～12 min,平均(5.6±4.7)min;右冠脉IRA者159例中156例发生RA(98.1%);前降支(LAD)为IRA 112例,发生RA 72例(64.3%);左回旋支(LCX)为IRA 55例,发生RA 44例(80.0%)。RCA和LCX为IRA 214例,发生缓慢型RA为93.5%;LAD为IRA 112例中,发生快速型RA 72例(64.3%)。结论对于无侧支循环的STEMI直接PCI开通IRA后发生RA是一种较常见的并发症,其总的发生率为83.4%。IRA为RCA和LCX者的RA主要是缓慢性心律失常,IRA为LAD者主要发生快速性心律失常。     

急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关动脉与急诊介入术后再灌注性心律失常的相关性研究

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者梗死相关动脉与急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI后再灌注性心律失常(RA)的相关性。方法收集2013年1月至2016年6月于张家口市第一医院心内科确诊为AMI并行急诊PCI的179例住院患者,并依据梗死相关动脉分布分为三组:左前降支(LAD)组,左回旋支(LCX)组,右冠状动脉(RCA)组,并对以上行急诊PCI患者术后出现RA的资料进行分析。结果179例患者中有85例出现RA,非RA组患者术前的年龄、性别(男)、血糖、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病史、高血压病史、空腹血糖、肌酐、总胆固醇及血钾水平均与RA组有显著性差异(P0.05);RA组梗死相关动脉分布为LAD 42例,LCX 12例,RCA 31例。LAD组快速型心律失常发生率高于RCA组(P0.05);RCA组缓慢型心律失常发生率高于LAD组(P0.05);梗死相关动脉开通时间6 h发生心律失常56例(64.37%),6 h发生RA 24例(26.09%);RA主要发生于AMI后梗死相关动脉较早开通者。结论 AMI急诊PCI后RA发生率高,心律失常的类型与梗死相关动脉有相关性,其发生率与再灌注时间有关。     

急性心肌梗死直接PCI术后再灌注心律失常44例临床分析

44例急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者于直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后出现再灌注心律失常(RA),以室性早搏发生率最高;梗死相关动脉(IRA) 为左前降支(LAD)者室性早搏发生率显著高于右冠状动脉者,缓慢性心律失常发生率显著低于右冠状动脉;左回旋支各种RA发生率与左前降支、右冠状动脉无统计学差异;发病4 h内开通IRA者RA、快速性心律失常总体发生率及室颤发生率显著高于4～8 h及＞8 h者,室性早搏发生率显著高于＞8 h者;予静注或滴注利多卡因、静注阿托品、临时起搏器、电除颤等治疗,除1例死亡外,其余均控制.认为AMI患者直接PCI后RA发生率高,其发病率及严重程度与IRA、IRA病变程度、发病至开通IRA时间明确相关;RA一般预后良好,多数不必常规使用抗心律失常药物.     

右冠状动脉与左回旋支闭塞心肌梗死患者的临床对比分析

目的:对比分析右冠状动脉(RCA)与左回旋支(LCX)闭塞的急性下壁心肌梗死患者的心电图特征、心功能和预后。方法:90例首次急性下壁心肌梗死患者,进行常规心电图及冠状动脉造影。RCA闭塞组(RCA组)63例,LCX闭塞组(LCX组)27例,所有患者均在发病24 h内行直接冠状动脉介入术。术后2周行99mTc-MI-BI心肌灌注断层显像测定心肌梗死面积,并行心血池显像测定左室射血分数(LVEF)。观察住院期间心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率及病死率。结果:①RCA组下壁并右室梗死的发生率显著高于LCX组(P<0.01),而并发侧壁梗死的发生率显著低于LCX组(P<0.01)。②RCA组Ⅲst↑>Ⅱst↑及aVL st↓>Ⅰst↓的发生率也显著高于LCX组(P<0.01)。③RCA组肌酸激酶同工酶峰值及心肌梗死面积均大于LCX组(P<0.05)。④RCA组LVEF低于LCX组(P<0.05)。结论:RCA闭塞较LCX闭塞的急性下壁心肌梗死患者心肌梗死面积大,心功能和预后差。     

冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变的临床特点分析

目的讨论冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞的治疗措施及效果。方法入选2010年1月至2013年3月江西省人民医院干部心血管一科住院的冠心病患者138例,冠状动脉造影显示为冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变。回顾性分析138例CTO患者血运重建治疗措施以及效果。结果 138例CTO患者,共162支慢性完全闭塞血管,主要累及前降支(LAD)52支,回旋支(LCX)27支,左主干(LM)9支及右冠状动脉(RCA)60支。145支慢性完全闭塞血管行经皮冠状动脉腔内成行(PTCA)治疗,130支血管成功支架置入101个。17例患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。结论 CTO临床表现多样,但缺乏特异性,可以选用PTCA及支架术或CABG治疗。     

320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像与心肌灌注成像的相关性研究

目的探讨320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像(computed tomography coronary angiography,CTCA)显示的冠状动脉狭窄程度与CT心肌灌注成像(CT myocardial perfusion imaging,CT-MPI)显示的心肌灌注缺损之间的相互关系。方法对60例冠状动脉疾病患者行CTCA及CT-MPI检查,将其结果进行统计学处理,并进行Spearman等级相关分析。结果 CTCA显示冠状动脉左前降支(left anterior descending,LAD)、左回旋支(left circumflex artery,LCX)、右冠状动脉(right coronary artery,RCA)180支,其中正常冠状动脉56支,狭窄冠状动脉124支。按照LAD、LCX、RCA三支冠状动脉供血范围统计,CT-MPI显示86支冠状动脉灌注正常,94支冠状动脉存在灌注缺损。结论冠状动脉狭窄程度与心肌灌注缺损存在正相关的关系。     

老年人急性心肌梗死急诊冠状动脉内支架治疗

目的　评价急诊冠状动脉 (冠脉 )内支架治疗老年人急性心肌梗死 (AMI)的临床疗效。方法　对比分析 84例老年与 88例非老年人AMI急诊冠脉内支架术结果。结果　老年组 84支梗死相关血管 ,置入支架 86枚 ,围手术期死亡 2例 ,手术成功率为 97 6 % ;非老年组 88支梗死相关血管 ,置入支架 88枚 ,围手术期死亡 1例 ,手术成功率 98 9%。老年组与非老年组支架特点及出院时左室射血分数差异无显著性。两组均无严重的出血并发症。结论　老年人AMI急诊冠脉内支架治疗安全有效。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂加补救性冠状动脉介入术与直接冠状动脉介入术对急性心肌梗死的疗效研究

目的：为比较急性心肌梗死（AMI）患应用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（rt-PA)50mg治疗，加补救性经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）或冠状动脉内支架（Stent）置入术与直接PTCA／Stent置入术临床疗效。方法：135例首次AMI患随机给予以静脉rt-PA溶栓加补救性PTCA／Stent(A组）和直接PTCA／Stent(B组）。68例患用阿司匹林和肝素后，接受rt-PA50mg治疗，67例直接PTCA和支架。行急诊冠状动脉造影 （CAG），以TIMI血流分级法评估，必要时做PTCA／Stent。本研究终点包括分析两组患的梗死相关血管（IRA）开通率，并发症发生率、病死率及左心室功能。结果：A组IRA开通率为91．0％，B组IRA开通率95．5％。患于首次PTCA前及在3周后用超声心电图测定两组患左心室射血分数（LVEF）。两组患到达导管室时IRA血流已达TIMI3级（n=34其中A组24例，B组10例），最初和恢复期EF值分别为60．8％和62．5％，经介入治疗后变为TIMI3级（n=80），其中A组75％（33／44），B组为84．2％（47／57），最初EF57．0％和恢复期EF57．2％。从未获TIMI3级（n=21），其最初EF54．1％和恢复期EF53．2％为最低。结论：溶栓剂rt-PA50mg治疗加补救性PTCA／Stent与直接PTCA／Stent,在AMI中的疗效比较，可使IRA开通，有利于保护AMI患的左心室功能和不增加副作用。     

rt-PA静脉溶栓与直接冠脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗塞的对比观察

目的 比较rt-PA静脉溶栓与直接冠状动脉支架术治疗急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的近期临床效果.方法 238例AMI患者中,130例行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,108例行直接冠状动脉支架置入术,观察30天.结果 溶栓组中梗塞相关动脉(IRA)临床评价再通者102例,再通率78.5%:直接冠脉支架组术后IRA血流达Ⅱ-Ⅲ达100%.随访1个月,溶栓组和直接冠脉支架组病死率分别为4.3%和0.9%P>0.05);再缺血事件发生率分别为18.5%和0.9%(P<0.05);出血并发症发生率分别为14.6%和1.9%(P<0.05);溶栓组的左室射血分数(LVEF)为52.3±8.0,直接支架组为63.3±9.2(P<0.05).结论 直接冠状动脉支架术治疗AMI与rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗相比具有较高的IRA的再通率和良好的近期预后.     

Primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarct with or without a stent implant: the experience and results at 6 months in the first 200 patients

BACKGROUND: Although it is superior to thrombolysis, primary PTCA does have some limitations, both in hospital (recurrent ischemia and reinfarction due to reocclusion of the infarct-related artery) and at the six-month follow-up (high rate of late restenosis). Coronary stenting is a promising way of solving some of these problems, even if its use in patients with acute myocardial infarction could prove to be controversial because of intracoronary thrombus. In this study, we propose two procedural strategies in the treatment of the infarct-related artery (IRA): the search for optimal angiographic results after PTCA ("stent-like result"--SLR--with residual stenosis < or = 20%--no dissection--TIMI III flow) or intracoronary stenting when SLR was not obtained after a second inflation. METHODS AND RESULTS: From December 1995 to May 1998, 200 patients with AMI underwent direct PTCA or rescue PTCA because of failed thrombolysis. There were 143 men and 57 women, mean age 65 (range 36-84). Nineteen patients were in cardiogenic shock and 25 were in Killip class > II. Recanalization of the IRA was achieved in 196 patients (98%). In four patients, it was not possible to cross total occlusion with the guide-wire. SLR post-PTCA was achieved in 40 patients (20%). Stents were placed in 147 patients (75%), with "elective" implantation in 73 lesions because of suboptimal results after PTCA in 41, and early loss or coronary dissection with threatening occlusion in 33. In nine patients without SLR, stenting was not performed because of diffuse disease of the IRA. In-hospital complications included ten deaths (8 of 19 patients with cardiogenic shock at admission and 2 with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction). None of the patients required emergency coronary bypass for procedural complications. One patient had a subacute thrombosis on the third day after bail-out stent implantation (re-PTCA). Five patients required elective bypass surgery to complete revascularization for multivessel disease with ten days after the surgical procedure. At the six-month follow-up, one patient had died of cardiogenic shock. Eleven (5%) patients with bail-out procedures underwent coronary bypass surgery or PTCA. Thirty-one patients (31/168) had recurrence of ischemia: 15 patients in the stent group, 11 in SLR group and 5 in the non-SLR group. Re-PTCA was performed in 20 patients, CABG in five and medical therapy in six. Other patients were angina-free at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experience, seeking optimal angiographic results with or without (SLR) stent implantation is a safe and effective operative approach to achieve the best procedural and clinical outcome and reduce complications in patients undergoing PTCA for AMI.     

Efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction--comparison with intracoronary thrombolysis

We retrospectively compared the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and intracoronary thrombolysis (ICT) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The ICT group consisted of 62 consecutive patients who underwent ICT before the introduction of PTCA for AMI and who were considered to be candidates for PTCA based on review of their cine-films. The PTCA group consisted of 92 consecutive patients who underwent PTCA thereafter. The reperfusion rate was significantly higher in the PTCA group than in the ICT group (92.4% vs 71.4%, p less than 0.01) and the residual stenosis was significantly lower in the former. Furthermore, the incidences of reinfarction and post-infarction angina were significantly lower in the former than in the latter (3.3% vs 12.9%, p less than 0.05 and 6.5% vs 29.0%, p less than 0.001 respectively). Although the degree of improvement in left ventricular function was influenced by the result of reperfusion, it was not affected by the reperfusion method. Therefore, PTCA did not improve left ventricular function more than ICT unless ICT alone failed to achieve reperfusion.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术中冠状动脉内心电图的应用研究

目的　探讨冠状动脉内心电图（ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ）在经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）术中的应用。方法对４４例冠心病病人的５１支冠状动脉行ＰＴＣＡ时记录ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ和体表ＥＣＧ,分析心绞痛组、心肌梗塞溶栓再通组、溶栓未通组ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ的缺血性心电图改变情况,并与体表监护导联ＥＣＧ相比较。结果９６．１％的血管行球囊扩张时ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ有缺血性改变;心绞痛组、心肌梗塞溶栓再通组及溶栓未通组的ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ的ＳＴ段上移程度有明显差别。结论ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ比体表ＥＣＧ在反映心肌缺血方面更敏感,ＰＴ－ＣＡ时ＩＣ－ＥＣＧ的ＳＴ段变化能一定程度地反映残余心肌的成活情况。     

Improvement in left ventricular function following coronary stenting in patients with acute myocardial infarction: 6-month and 3-year follow-up

BACKGROUND: This study assesses hemodynamic and angiographic changes in patients with a patent infarct-related artery (IRA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: One hundred and seventy-seven patients with first AMI, who received a predischarge stenting to the IRA and sustained a patent IRA over 3 years, were stratified into 3 groups according to the baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): group A included 63 patients with a LVEF of >49%, group B 73 patients with a LVEF of 40%-49%, and group C 41 patients with a LVEF of <40%. The hemodynamic and angiographic parameters were compared at baseline, 6-month and 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: The LV end-diastolic volume index increased 1, 4 and 4 ml/m(2) at 6 months and 4, 5 and 10 ml/m(2) at 3 years, respectively in group A, B and C. The LVEF increased 4%, 7% and 12% at 6 months and 6%, 8% and 14% at 3 years, respectively in group A, B and C. The stroke volume index increased 3, 7 and 12 ml/m(2) at 6 months and 6, 8 and 15 ml/m(2) at 3 years, respectively in group A, B and C. The LV wall motion score decreased 2, 3 and 3 at 6 months and was unchanged at 3 years, respectively in group A, B and C. The LV end-diastolic pressure decreased 2, 3 and 4 mm Hg, respectively in group A, B and C, at 6-month follow-up and remained stable at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term beneficial effects in patients receiving a late predischarge intracoronary stenting following first AMI were seen and these may be related to patent IRA. A progressive improvement in left ventricular remodeling occurs in all patients regardless of their initial left ventricular function and the improvement continues for at least 3 years.     

急性心肌梗死后延迟冠状动脉内支架置入疗效及并发症分析

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)溶栓后延迟病变冠状动脉支架置入疗效及并发症。方法　 AMI病例 16 0例 ,分为静脉溶栓再通 (A )组和静脉溶栓未通 (B)组 ,于 AMI后 3～ 15日行冠状动脉内支架置入治疗 ,随访 6个月 ,均于随访前后查超声心动图 (UCG) ,测定左心室射血分数 (L VEF)。结果　 A、B两组均有很高比例的梗死相关血管(IRA)和一定比例的非梗死相关血管 (non- IRA)残留严重狭窄。IRA狭窄程度 B组比 A组严重 (P<0 .0 5 )。成功置入支架 15 2例 (95 % ) ,A、B两组间手术成功率和严重并发症发生率无显著性差异。 138例 (90 .7% )随访 6个月 ,随访期内无死亡病例。与 B组比较 ,A组心血管事件发生率低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,A组随访期间 L VEF较随访前增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,较 B组高 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　 AMI病例溶栓后存在严重的 IRA和 non- IRA残留狭窄 ,行冠状动脉内支架置入是必要的、安全的 ,手术成功率高 ,可改善患者预后     

择期经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对左室功能的影响

目的:选择行择期PTCA的38例首次急性心肌梗死患者,测定其术前、后的左心功能,旨在探讨择期PTCA对左室功能的影响。方法:所有患者均于PTCA术前1～2天及术后1周、3个月进行心脏彩超检查。超声检查左室功能指标包括:容量指标:EDV、ESV;收缩功能指标:EF、△T％;舒张功能指标:E/A、ACT_E。结果:PTCA术后1周与术前相比:EDV、ESV和ACT_E有所减少,EF、△T％有所增高,但均未达统计学意义。PTCA术后3个月与术前相比:EDV、ESV有明显降低(P<0.05),EF、△T％有明显增高(P<0.05),E/A、ACT_E有继续改善趋势,但未达统计学意义。结论:AMI接受择期PTCA有益于患者左室功能的恢复,术后1周改善不显著,至术后3个月除左室舒张功能外均有显著改善。