Risk factor analysis of 167 patients with high myopia

AIM: To analyze the risk factors of age, sex, course, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diopter and fundus features of high myopes with progressive high myopia. · METHODS: A total of 167 patients with high myopes were categorized into four groups: group 1, age 10-29 years; group 2, age 30-49 years; group 3, age 50-69 years and group 4, age 70-89 years. The refractive errors of all patients were measured without cycloplegia with an autorefractometer. Data of the spherical equivalent (SE) of the refractive errors in diopters (D) and fundus examined by direct ophthalmoscope were used in statistical analysis. · RESULTS: The number of female was statistically larger than that of male (P＜0.01), also the disease course was correlated to the age. The visual acuity of high myopes significantly decreased as they grew older including the higher incidence of lacquer cracker, submacular hemorrhage, Fuchs spots, chorioretinal atrophy. · CONCLUSION: Female maybe a risk factor of high myopia, advanced age is an important factor of visual acuity decreased. High myopes ought to be treated early to delay the progress of myopia and development of macular degeneration.     

上海市北新泾街道老年人高度近视眼的流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence of high myopia,the prevalence and risk factors of high myopia associated with chorioretinopathy in residents aged 60 years or over in Beixinjing community, Shanghai, China. Methods A cluster stratified random sampling method was used to screen 4153 people aged 60 and over in Beixinjing community. There were 3851participants in total with a 92.73% response rate. Participants were invited to complete a questionnaire and received a comprehensive eye examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp microscopic examination, direct ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography and so on. Spherical equivalent (SE) was used to determine the degree of refractive errors. The diagnosis of high myopic chorioretinopathy was made if SE>-6.00 D and myopic ehorioretinal atrophy lesions were presented such as posterior seleral staphyloma, lacquer cracks, Fuchs spot and myopic arc spots. The degree of visual acuity impairment was determined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification as low vision (the best corrected visual acuity≥0. 05, but <0.3) or blindness (the best corrected visual acuity < 0. 05). Results There were 207/3851 (5.37 %) high myopia patients, in which 183/207 (88.40%) patients were associated with myopic chorioretinopathy. The prevalence of myopic chorioretinopathy decreased while age increased (X2= 19.21, P<0.01), but statistically there was no gender difference (X2= 1.83, P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there were significant differences in the prevalence of high myopia between people with different age, educational levels and family history (X2= 19.21,32. 08,960. 68; P<0.01). There were 29 cases of bilateral blindness, 96 cases of unilateral blindness, 104 cases of bilateral low vision and 562 cases of unilateral low vision in those participants. In 183 cases of high myopic chorioretinopathy patients, 111(60.65 %)cases had an obvious visual impairment, including 34.48% (10 cases) of bilateral blindness, 11.46% (11 cases) of unilateral blindness, 29.81% (31 cases)of bilateral low vision and 10.50% (59 cases) of unilateral low vision. Conclusions The prevalence of high myopia of residents aged ≥ 60 years in Beixinjing community, Shanghai, China is relatively high. Age, education level and family history are the most important factors affecting the occurrence of chorioretinopathy in high myopia patients.     

Quantitative analysis of optic disc changes in school-age children with ametropia based on artificial intelligence

AIM: To explore changes in the optic disc and peripapillary atrophy (PPA) in school-age children with ametropia using color fundus photography combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology. METHODS: Based on the retrospective case-controlled study, 226 eyes of 113 children aged aged 6–12y were enrolled from October 2021 to May 2022. According to the results of spherical equivalent (SE), the children were divided into four groups: low myopia group (66 eyes), moderate myopia group (60 eyes), high myopia group (50 eyes) and emmetropia control group (50 eyes). All subjects underwent un-aided visual acuity, dilated pupil optometry, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, ocular axis measurement and color fundus photography. RESULTS: The width of PPA, horizontal diameter ratio of PPA to the optic disc and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc were significantly different among the four groups (P<0.05). The width of the nasal and temporal neuroretinal rim, the roundness of the optic disc, the height of PPA, the vertical diameter ratio of PPA to the optic disc, and the average density of PPA in the high myopia group were significantly different compared with the other three groups (P<0.05). There were strong negative correlations between SE and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc (r=-0.812, P<0.001) and strong positive correlation between axial length (AL) and area ratio of PPA to the optic disc (r=0.736, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In school-age children with high myopia, the nasal and temporal neuroretinal rims are narrowed and even lost, which have high sensitivity. The area ratio of the PPA to the optic disc could be used as an early predictor of myopia progression, which is of great significance for the development prevention and management of myopia.     

Comparison of the retinal modulation transfer function between amblyopes successfully corrected and normal subjects

AIM：To analyze the retinal modulation transfer function between amblyopes whose visual acuity was corrected to 5.0 and normal subjects at the same age. METHODS： RM-800 used to detect contrast sensitivity was adopted to measure MTF of 96 amblyopes (96 eyes) whose visual acuity was corrected to 5.0 and 80 normal controls (80 eyes) at the same age under six interference fringes (IVA=0.06, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). RESULTS： The functional values of amblyopes were significantly lower than those of normal subjects in every fringe (P<0.01), especially in medium and high frequency. CONCLUSION：For amblyopes, MTF was still abnormal after stopping the treatments.     

转甲状腺素蛋白作为高度近视血清潜在分子标记物的研究

Objective To observe the abnormal expression of transthyretin in serum and vitreous of high myopia patients.Methods 116 patients(50 males and 66 females)with high myopia,diagnosed by retinoscopic reflex,slit-lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope and Iol-Master,were enrolled.The patients had an average age of(49.7±12.3)years and average diopter of(-10±4.2)D.The control group had 86 healthy individuals(42 males and 44 females)with an average age of(48.5±10.5)years.According to the findings of indirect ophthalmoscope and optical coherence tomography(OCT)examination,the patients were classified as foveal detachment,macular hole,choroidal neovascularization,epimacular membrane.retinal scar and no significant pathological changes.2 ml peripheral blood samples were taken from all the subjects.The vitreous samples of high myopia patients with foveal detachment and macular hole (20 patients.20 eyes)were collected before pars plana vitrectomy.LTQ-MASS was performed on 16 serum samples of patients and 16 control serum samples.Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)were used to detect serum transthyretin expression in high myopia groups(n=100)and control group(n=80).Vitreous samples(n=20)and corresponding serum samples were further analyzed by ELlSA.Meanwhile,the relationship between visual acuity after surgery and transthyretin expression level in vitreous were analyzed.Results LTQ-MASS detected 4 proteins differentially expressed in the serum of patients and control group,transthyretin was the most significantly increased protein in high myopia patients.Western blot validated that serum transthyretin of high myopia group was much higher than that of the control group(t=3.68,P＜0.05).High myopia patients with macular hole and macular detachment had much higher serum and vitreous transthyretin than that of control group(F=9.28,P＜0.01).Patients with higher vitreous transthyretin had better postoperative visual acuity.Conclusions The transthyretin level increases significantly in serum and vitreous of high myopia patients,and it correlated with ocular pathologies and visual outcomes.     

转甲状腺素蛋白作为高度近视血清潜在分子标记物的研究

Objective To observe the abnormal expression of transthyretin in serum and vitreous of high myopia patients.Methods 116 patients(50 males and 66 females)with high myopia,diagnosed by retinoscopic reflex,slit-lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope and Iol-Master,were enrolled.The patients had an average age of(49.7±12.3)years and average diopter of(-10±4.2)D.The control group had 86 healthy individuals(42 males and 44 females)with an average age of(48.5±10.5)years.According to the findings of indirect ophthalmoscope and optical coherence tomography(OCT)examination,the patients were classified as foveal detachment,macular hole,choroidal neovascularization,epimacular membrane.retinal scar and no significant pathological changes.2 ml peripheral blood samples were taken from all the subjects.The vitreous samples of high myopia patients with foveal detachment and macular hole (20 patients.20 eyes)were collected before pars plana vitrectomy.LTQ-MASS was performed on 16 serum samples of patients and 16 control serum samples.Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)were used to detect serum transthyretin expression in high myopia groups(n=100)and control group(n=80).Vitreous samples(n=20)and corresponding serum samples were further analyzed by ELlSA.Meanwhile,the relationship between visual acuity after surgery and transthyretin expression level in vitreous were analyzed.Results LTQ-MASS detected 4 proteins differentially expressed in the serum of patients and control group,transthyretin was the most significantly increased protein in high myopia patients.Western blot validated that serum transthyretin of high myopia group was much higher than that of the control group(t=3.68,P＜0.05).High myopia patients with macular hole and macular detachment had much higher serum and vitreous transthyretin than that of control group(F=9.28,P＜0.01).Patients with higher vitreous transthyretin had better postoperative visual acuity.Conclusions The transthyretin level increases significantly in serum and vitreous of high myopia patients,and it correlated with ocular pathologies and visual outcomes.     

Comparison of clinical outcomes after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis in eyes with low or high myopia

AIM: To compare the clinical results of femtosecond (FS) laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in high myopic patients and low myopic patients. METHODS: This study included 212 myopic eyes undergoing LASIK using a VisuMax 500kHz FS laser. All treated eyes were assigned to one of two groups according to preoperative manifest spherical refraction: low myopia group (A, >?4.0D) and high myopia group (B, ≤?4.0D). Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), refractive errors, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were measured preoperatively and 1wk, 1, 3 and 6mo postoperatively. RESULTS: At 6mo of follow-up, 92% and 76% had an UDVA of 20/20 or better in group A and B, respectively (P=0.037) and UDVA was significantly different between two groups (P=0.042). Six and seven percentage lost one line of CDVA in group A and B, respectively (P=0.572) and no eyes in both groups lost more than two lines. Each group had 87% and 76% of treated eyes within ±0.5D of the intended correction (P=0.186), and 13% and 43% with a change of >0.50 D in spherical equivalent from 1wk to 6mo postoperatively (P=0.005). In terms of postoperative astigmatism, each group had 89.1% and 76.6% within ±0.50 D, respectively and there was significant difference (P=0.006). Group A tends to induce smaller HOAs than group B. CONCLUSION: FS LASIK is effective and safe for correcting high myopia as well as low myopia. However, high myopic eyes showed more postoperative astigmatism and HOAs which affect visual acuity.     

Comparison of Applicability of Different Visual Acuity Charts for Pediatric Outpatient Visual Tests

Purpose： To evaluate the applicability of different visual acuity charts for outpatient pediatric visual tests.
Methods： Fifty-three children （53 eyes） aged 4-8 years undergoing visual acuity tests as outpatients were randomly selected for this study. The best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） of the eye with better visual acuity was measured for each child using the digital LogMAR visual chart, the ETDRS visual chart, and a new standard logarithm visual chart; all measurements were repeated twice and the BCVA was recorded. Paired comparisons were made between the LogMAR visual acuity chart and ETDRS chart measurements or between the ETDRS chart and logarithm visual acuity chart measurements for statistical analysis of the differences in measurement of visual acuity. The results of different measurements by the same chart were compared to evaluate the consistency of the measurement results. Bland-Altman analysis was employed to evaluate the most suitable chart for outpatient measurement of visual acuity in children.
Results： Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean visual acuity measured was （0.447±0.017 LogMAR）by the digital LogMAR chart, （0.301±0.024 LogMAR） by the standard logarithm visual acuity chart, and （0.309±0.018 LogMAR） by the ETDRS visual acuity chart. The BCVA was significantly lower when measured by the LogMAR visual acuity chart than by the ETDRS chart （P〈0.01）. The BCVA was slightly higher when measured by the logarithm visual acuity chart than by the ETDRS chart, but the difference was not statistically sig nificant（P〉0.05）. The Bland-Altman plot showed that the highest consistency was obtained with the digital LogMAR chart, with a difference between two repeated measurements of 0.068 LogMAR, compared to 0.090 and 0.072 LogMAR for the logarithm and ETDRS visual acuity charts, respectively.
Conclusion： All three types of visual acuity charts are appli-cable for outpatient measurement of pediatric visual acuity. The ETDRS and logarithm visual acuity ch     

治疗白内障超声乳化术后囊袋收缩综合征的临床观察

Objective To observe the effect of Nd∶YAG Laser and the operation of anterior capsule tearing on the treatment of capsule contraction syndrome after cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Aim to provide safe and effective basis of treatment options. Methods Twenty-three patients (23 eyes ) with capsule contraction syndrome after cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were divided into three types: the initial type, the progressive type and the severe type. Each type represented one group. Select the appropriate treatment for various types of capsule contraction syndrome. Measure numerical values of intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density. Observe the anterior chamber reaction, the change of anterior capsule diameter and the position of intraocular lens. The values pre-operation and post-operation one month, three months were analyzed. Results The development of capsule contraction was stopped. No severe complication was observed. Best corrected visual acuity changes with a statistically significant difference before and after treatment (P ＜0.05). It improved significantly after treatment compared with best corrected visual acuity before therapy. There was no significant difference in corneal endothelial cell density before and after treatment (P ＞0.05). Intraocular pressure had no significant increase after treatment (P ＞0.05). There were no significant differences in intraocular pressure between 1 month the operation of anterior capsulotomy tearing are safe and effective to treat the capsule contraction syndrome.The key of preventing is the suitable diameter of anterior capsule mouth. The most appropriate diameter is 5 to 6 millimeters. The most effective means of prevention in capsule contraction syndrome is to use a positioning ring on central cornea to fix a position to guide the size of anterior capsule mouth during the operation.     

One-year clinical efficacy evaluation of selective corneal wavefront aberration-guided FS-LASIK correction in patients with high myopia

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, predictability, precision and changes of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) on corneal front surface of selective corneal wavefront aberration-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (CW-FS-LASIK) in patients with high myopia 1-year postoperatively. METHODS: Totally 74 eyes of 37 patients with high myopia or myopic astigmatism in both the eyes who underwent the CW-FS-LASIK procedure in Xi’an Gaoxin Hospital from January 2021 to June 2021 were included. The changes of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), astigmatism, HOAs and Strehl ratio (SR) on the anterior surface of the cornea after 1y of the surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: At postoperative 1y, the UDVA (logMAR) of 74 eyes (100%) reached 0 or better, including 0 in 8 eyes (10.81%), -0.1 in 45 eyes (60.81%), and -0.2 in 21 eyes (28.38%). The effectiveness index was 1.29±0.134. There was no decrease in postoperative BCVA compared with preoperative BCVA in all patients. Postoperative BCVA was the same in 44 eyes (59.46%) as preoperative BCVA, increased by 1 line in 23 eyes (31.08%) and increased by 2 lines in 7 eyes (9.46%) compared with preoperative BCVA. The safety index was 1.11±0.159. The estimated corrected SER before surgery was (-7.76±1.21) D, and the actual corrected SER was (-7.83±1.25) D (Y=0.9811X+0.2156, R2=0.9084). There was a high correlation between the estimated corrected SER and the actual corrected SER. The postoperative SER in 74 eyes (100%) was within ±0.75 D. The postoperative astigmatism of all was within -0.75 D to 0. Root mean square (RMS) HOAs of spherical aberration and SR within 5 mm of the corneal front surface were all increased compared with those before operation (P<0.01). The total coma, horizontal coma and vertical coma were all decreased compared with those before operation (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in horizontal trefoil and vertical trefoil compared with preoperative ones (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Selective CW-FS-LASIK for correction of high myopia is effective, safe, predictive, and accurate. For patients with preoperative RMS HOAs over 0.25 defocus equivalent, postoperative coma aberration can be significantly reduced, and SR value can be increased, thus corneal imaging quality can be improved.     

增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后视力不良的相关因素研究

Objective To determine the incidence and predisposing factors for the poor visual acuity of less than 0.1 after vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods The clinical data of 95 cases (120 eyes) of PDR patients treated with vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Compared the potential predisposing factors to the poor visual acuity between the two groups: one group with postoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1, the other group with postoperative visual acuity of 0.1 or more than 0.1. Results There were 37 (31%) eyes with postoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1. Univariate analysis revealed that there were association between the poor postoperative visual acuity and preoperative macular detachment、intraocular tamponade, postoperative high intraocular pressure, with no preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Multivariate analysis revealed that there were great association between the poor postoperative visual acuity and preoperative macular detachment, postoperative high intraocular pressure. Conclusions The poor visual acuity of less than 0.1 after vitrectomy in the treatment of PDR has great association with preoperative macular detachment, postoperative high intraocular pressure.     

Comparison on visual function after implantation of an apodized diffractive aspheric multifocal or monofocal intraocular lens

 Purpose: To evaluate visual outcomes after implantation of an aspheric multifocal/ intraocular lens (MIOL) or an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: This was a prospective nonrandomized study. During 3-months of post-operative follow-up, the following outcomes for SN6AD1 MIOL (multifocal group) and SN60WF IOL (monofocal group) were compared: uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, uncorrected (UNVA) and distance-corrected (DCNVA) near visual acuity, Chinese character near visual acuity, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) under high (100% contrast) and low contrast (10% contrast), UIVA for different IOL powers, and a quality-of-life questionnaire. Results: UNVA, DCNVA, and UIVA under high contrast in the multifocal group were significantly better than those in the monofocal group (P＜0.05). UDVA, CDVA and UIVA under low contrast did not differ between groups at 63 cm and 100 cm (P＞0.05). In most of the cases, Chinese character near visual acuity was significantly better in the multifocal group (P＜0.05). UNVA and UIVA at 63cm were improved 3 months post-operatively. Better UIVA was found in emmetropic and mild myopic eyes as compared to hyperopic ones. The patients in the multifocal group had a higher degree of satisfaction and performed better on near and intermediate tasks, although with greater complaints of visual disturbance.    Conclusion: The SN6AD1 MIOL provides significantly better UNVA, DCNVA and UIVA under high contrast conditions, and better Chinese character near visual acuity. Patients receiving the SN6AD1 MIOL reported a better quality of vision in spite of more serious visual disturbances. Better UIVA was observed in emmetropic and mildly myopic eyes.     

Effect of even and odd-order aberrations on the accommodation response

AIM: To investigate the potential effect that odd and even-order monochromatic aberrations may have on the accommodation response of the human eye. METHODS: Eight healthy subjects with astigmatism below 1 D, best corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better and normal findings in an ophthalmic examination were enrolled. An adaptive optics system was used in order to measure the accommodation response of the subjects’ eyes under different conditions: with the natural aberrations being present, and with the odd and even-order aberrations being corrected. Three measurements of accommodation response were monocularly acquired at accommodation demands ranging from 0 to 4 D (0.5 D step). RESULTS: The accommodative lag was greater for the accommodative demands of 1.5, 3, 3.5 and 4 D for the condition in which the even-order aberrations were corrected, in comparison to that obtained for the natural aberrations and corrected odd-order aberrations for the same accommodation demands. No statistically significant differences were found between the accommodation responses under the three conditions. CONCLUSION: The odd and even-order aberrations are not helping the visual system to accommodate, because their partial correction do not affect the accommodation performance.     

增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后视力不良的相关因素研究

Objective To determine the incidence and predisposing factors for the poor visual acuity of less than 0.1 after vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods The clinical data of 95 cases (120 eyes) of PDR patients treated with vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Compared the potential predisposing factors to the poor visual acuity between the two groups: one group with postoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1, the other group with postoperative visual acuity of 0.1 or more than 0.1. Results There were 37 (31%) eyes with postoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1. Univariate analysis revealed that there were association between the poor postoperative visual acuity and preoperative macular detachment、intraocular tamponade, postoperative high intraocular pressure, with no preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Multivariate analysis revealed that there were great association between the poor postoperative visual acuity and preoperative macular detachment, postoperative high intraocular pressure. Conclusions The poor visual acuity of less than 0.1 after vitrectomy in the treatment of PDR has great association with preoperative macular detachment, postoperative high intraocular pressure.     

SBK治疗近视临床疗效分析

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis (SBK) on myopia. Methods Thirty cases (60 eyes) with myopia were treated with SBK and the corneal flap was made by Moria OUP-SBK microkeratome from March 2009 to September 2009. The visual acuity, refractive, and contrast visual acuity were observed. Results Three months after surgery, the mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 1.13±0.18 (range: 0.8 to 1.5), UCVA of 100% of eyes (60 eyes) achieved or exceeded than 0.8,96.67% (58 eyes) 1.0, and 46.67% (28 eyes) 1.2; only 2 eyes (3.33%) the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) descended 1 line, the BSCVA achieved or exceeded than pre-operation in the other 58 eyes (96.67%), BSCVA of 100% of eyes (60 eyes) achieved or exceeded than 0.8, 96.67% (58 eyes) 1.0, and 50% (30 eyes) 1.2; mean spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was 0.13± 0.37D (range :-0.75D to +1.00 D). 100% of eyes were between in -1.00 D and +1.00D, 91.67% were between in -0.50 D and +0.50 D; in bright background, the 10%, 30%, 40%, 52%, 76%, 92% contrast visual acuity was 0.15, 0.49, 0.56, 0.63, 0.70, 0.74, respectively, the difference between the post and preoperative contrast vision in every contrast was significant (P=0.00); in dark background, the 10%, 30%, 40%, 52%, 76%, 92% contrast visual acuity was 0.11, 0.43,0.51, 0.60, 0.66, 0.72, respectively, compared the pre and postoperative contrast visual acuity, there was no significant difference in 10%, 30%, 40% contrast (P ＞0.1), while the difference was significant in the 52%, 76%,92% contrast (P=0.00). Conclusions SBK is safe, effective and feasible on myopia, and can effectively correct visual acuity.     

Visual Quality of Q-value-guided LASIK in the Treatment ofHigh Myopia

 Purpose:To compare visual performance and patient satisfaction following Q-value-guided customized laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and standard LASIK in the treatment of high myopia.   Methods: A total of 116 patients with high myopia (-6.00 to -9.50D; astigmatism from -0.00 to -2.00D) were treated using Z-217 excimer laser (Bausch &; Lomb). Sixty-six patients (132 eyes) receiving Q-value-guided customized LASIK were assigned into the experimental group, and 50 cases (100 eyes) receiving standard LASIK were used as normal controls.  All subjects were followed up for > 6 months to monitor for night vision problems measure postoperative quality of life.    Results: In the experimental group, night vision acuity decreased in 3 cases (4.5%), and glare was reported in 13 patients (19%) during the 6-month follow up period. In the control group, night vision problems were noted in 9 cases (18%), and glare occurred in 21 patients (42%). These differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the postoperative questionnaire,  satisfaction with visual performance and quality of life was reported in 73% of the experimental group, and 52% of the control group (P<0.05).         Conclusion: Patients with high myopia surgically treated by Q-value-guided LASIK had better night-time visual performance and a higher degree of satisfaction compared with subjects receiving standard LASIK.      

Assessing the Effect of Colored Filters on Glare Sensitivity of Post Refractive Surgery Patients

Purpose： The use of colored filters is one recommended way for patients to reduce glare. This study assessed the effect of colored filters for reducing glare symptoms in post refractive.. surgery patients. Method： Log MAR visual acuity was determined in 70 par- ticipants （140 eyes） who had undergone PRK refractive.. surgery using three colored filters （Yellow, Green, and Red） in different light conditions. Results： Measured visual acuity was significantly reduced with red and green filters in glare and nonglare conditions; when compared to its measurement without a filter. An asym- metrical light condition also revealed a significant difference： in the visual acuity of the right and left eye when compared to, each other. However, no significant differences were observed： for the yellow filter in either the measured visual acuity of each eye in both light conditions or of the right and left eyes compared to each other. Conclusion： Red and green filters are poor choices for reducing glare in post refractive surgery patients but a yellow filter could be used to decrease glare and improve acuity.     

Visual quality after implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses in highly myopic eyes with different axial lengths

AIM:To analyze postoperative clinical results after implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses(IOLs)in highly myopic eyes with different axial lengths(ALs).METHODS:This retrospective study describes 61 eyes of 44 patients that were implanted with trifocal diffractive IOLs(AT LISA tri 839 MP).Twenty-one eyes(15 patients)were included in the AL<26 mm group,19 eyes(13 patients)in the AL≥26 mm and<28 mm group,and 21 eyes(16 patients)in the AL≥28 mm group.Postoperative outcomes,including corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),intermediate and near visual acuity at 167 cd/m2 luminance,depth of focus at 85 cd/m2 luminance,and objective optical quality parameters assessed using the Optical Quality Analysis System(OQAS),were compared among the groups at 3 mo.RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the mean UDVA,uncorrected intermediate visual acuity,uncorrected near visual acuity,corrected distance visual acuity,distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity,and distance-corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA)among the three groups(P>0.05).Better near and intermediate visual acuity(from-1.5 D to-3.0 D)were noted on the defocus curve of the AL<26 mm group(P<0.01 vs AL≥28 mm group).Significantly higher objective scatter index(OSI)values and lower modulation transfer function(MTF)cut-off values,Strehl ratio(SR),and OQAS values(OVs)were observed in the AL≥28 mm group(P<0.01 vs AL<26 mm group).All OQAS parameters had statistically significant correlations with DCNVA and visual acuity at the vergence of-2.5 D(P<0.05 to P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Implantation of trifocal IOLs provides good short-term visual and refractive outcomes in highly myopic eyes with different ALs.However,the near vision decreases in the extremely myopic eyes at lower luminance,which is associated with the lower objective optical quality in these eyes.     

山东滕州市农村小学生弱视斜视及立体视锐度调查

Objective To investigate the visual acuity, stereoacuity and the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus ofprimazy school children in rural areas in Tengzhou, Shandong as well as to evaluate the effi-ciency of three methods in screening amblyopia. Methods In this population-based study, children aged 5 to 14 years old in primary school were randomly selected by a cluster sampling in which school shift was the sam- piing unit. Titmus stereo-test, visual acuity (VA), cover-test and ocular motility evaluation were examined for each child. Retinoscopy was performed for children with VA < 1.0 in either eye. Results ( 1 ) Of 2668 effec-tive examinatious,369 eases (13.83%) were poor eyesight. (2) The prevalence ofamblyopia and strabismus were 1.50% and 1.72% respectively. Out of 40 amblyopia children, 39 were screened at the first time. (3) The stereoacuity in normal children was 40″, 31 (77.5%) children with amblyopia showed abnormal stereoacuity,while 28.3% for strabismus. (4) Specificity and crude agreement of combined Titmus with VA were 99.47%and 99.06% ,which were highest in the three methods. The second was Titmus stereo-test with 97.98% and 97.59%, VA was the lowest. Conelusion The most important cause of poor eyesight in primary school chil-dren is myopia. Amblyopia and strabismus might have significantly effects on stereoacuity. The most efficient method of screening amblyopia was stereo-test combined with visual acuity.     

山东滕州市农村小学生弱视斜视及立体视锐度调查

Objective To investigate the visual acuity, stereoacuity and the prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus ofprimazy school children in rural areas in Tengzhou, Shandong as well as to evaluate the effi-ciency of three methods in screening amblyopia. Methods In this population-based study, children aged 5 to 14 years old in primary school were randomly selected by a cluster sampling in which school shift was the sam- piing unit. Titmus stereo-test, visual acuity (VA), cover-test and ocular motility evaluation were examined for each child. Retinoscopy was performed for children with VA < 1.0 in either eye. Results ( 1 ) Of 2668 effec-tive examinatious,369 eases (13.83%) were poor eyesight. (2) The prevalence ofamblyopia and strabismus were 1.50% and 1.72% respectively. Out of 40 amblyopia children, 39 were screened at the first time. (3) The stereoacuity in normal children was 40″, 31 (77.5%) children with amblyopia showed abnormal stereoacuity,while 28.3% for strabismus. (4) Specificity and crude agreement of combined Titmus with VA were 99.47%and 99.06% ,which were highest in the three methods. The second was Titmus stereo-test with 97.98% and 97.59%, VA was the lowest. Conelusion The most important cause of poor eyesight in primary school chil-dren is myopia. Amblyopia and strabismus might have significantly effects on stereoacuity. The most efficient method of screening amblyopia was stereo-test combined with visual acuity.