1140眼后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的临床体会

目的总结1140眼Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的临床经验。方法884例1140眼行白内障超声乳化吸除或白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入同时进行后囊膜连续环形撕囊术。其中白内障超声乳化吸除术861眼,白内障囊外摘除术279眼。随访1m-91m。结果视力在1.0以上者309眼占27.1%,0.5-0.9者586眼占51.4%,0.1-0.4者225眼占19.7%,0.1以下者2O眼占1.8%。新生膜52眼,发生率4.6%。行新生膜切开术9眼,切开率0.8%。手术主要并发症有玻璃体内脱出。结论Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕囊术是降低白内障手术后后囊膜混浊的一种简便、安全、有效的方法。因其可能的并发症和对操作的较高要求,临床应用须谨慎。     

晶体后囊膜不完整的处理及人工晶体植入术式的选择

白内障摘除术后人工晶体的植入，需要有完整的后囊膜作为支撑，对于因外伤或手术造成的后囊膜破裂，若能巧妙地处理，选择适当的人工晶体植入术式，同样可获得良好的手术效果。１资料与方法１．１一般资料本组后囊不完整行人工晶体植入术患者４３例５１眼。男３０例，女１３例，年龄最小６ａ，最大７８ａ。老年性白内障２１眼，外伤性白内障２８眼，先天性白内障２眼。老年性白内障２１眼和先天性白内障２眼均在术中出现后囊破裂，裂孔＜４ｍｍｌ６眼，裂孔＞４ｍｍ７眼，有玻璃体溢人前房１４眼。出现后囊破裂的环节：５眼为娩核时或娩核后…     

白内障手术中后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的应用

目的：探讨Ⅰ期后囊膜连续环形撕囊术的临床应用价值。方法：307例393眼行白内障囊外摘除或白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术。且在术中同时进行后囊膜连续环形撕囊术，其中白内障囊外摘除术122眼，白内障超声乳化吸除术271眼，随访2-36月。结果：视力在1.0以上者126眼占32%，0.5-0.9者170眼占43%，0.1-0.4者85眼占22%，0.1以下者12眼占3%，新生膜14眼，发生率3.6%。新生膜切开术2眼，切开率0.5%。手术主要并发症有玻璃体内脱出。     

后囊膜皱褶激光松解术

用Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光对６０例晶体囊外摘除＋人工晶体植入术（ＥＣＣＥ＋ＰＣ－ＩＯＬ）的后囊膜皱褶（ＰＣＦ）做激光囊膜松解术，单脉冲激光能量为０．４－１．０ｍＪ。术后视力增进率达１００％，未发现明显并发症。     

连续环形撕囊术抑制后囊膜混浊的实验研究

目的：搪塞连续环形撕囊术（ＣＣＣ）对白内障囊外摘除术后晶体后囊膜混浊的影响。方法：将２４只白色家兔随机平均分为三个时间组,每只家兔又按双眼术中前切开法的不同随机分为ＣＣＣ组和开罐式截囊组,术后不同时期观察后囊膜病理变化。结果：术后一月,Ａ组后囊膜纤维增殖明显减少,赤道 后囊膜间无显著粘连,早期即在可在后囊膜面查见纤维弱细胞增生。结论：ＣＣＣ可抑制白内障术后晶体后囊膜混浊的发生。     

成年人完整透明后囊膜撕囊术

014成年人完室透明后羹股斯羹术〔英〕／GalandA…／JCataractRefractSurg．－1996，22（5）．－458～461为了评估成年人患者在行白内障手术和人工晶体植入时行后囊膜撕囊术的可行性及危险性，作者对319例同时行白内障摘除术和环行后囊膜撕囊术的患者进行了回顾性分析。（～）方法：319例白内障患者，年龄20～94岁，（平均71．2岁），在全麻、局麻或表麻下手术，角膜缘上方作切口，前囊膜撕开，白内障超声乳化或嘉外摘出，在清除晶体皮质后，在完整透明后囊膜下作后囊膜撕囊术；（1）首先在晶体后囊中心处刺一个小洞；（2）在后囊与前玻…     

晶状体后囊膜破裂时前囊膜夹持法人工晶状体植入术的疗效观察

目的：观察晶状体后囊膜大面积破裂时采用晶状体前囊膜夹持法行后房型人工晶状体植入术的远期疗效。方法：对因各种原因导致晶状体后囊膜大面积破裂的白内障患者48例（48只眼）,在囊外白内障摘除术中采用晶状体前囊膜夹持法一期行后房型人工晶状体植入术,术后观察患者的视力、人工晶状体的位置、晶状体囊膜的混浊情况和并发症的发生情况。术后随访时间3－60个月。结果：术后矫正视力≥0.5者39例（81．3％）;人工晶状体位置稳定;无后发性白内障、视网膜脱离、继发性青光眼和顽固性葡萄膜炎等并发症发生。结论：对于晶状体后囊膜大面积破裂的患者,在囊外白内障摘除术中采用晶状体前囊膜夹持法行后房型人工晶状体植入术,不仅操作简便,而且效果良好,建立临床推广使用。     

白内障小切口非超声乳化手术中后囊膜破裂的临床分析

晶状体后囊膜破裂是白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术中的常见并发症之一。我们对本院2008年10月～2011年9月行小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除术中发生后囊膜破裂的27例（27眼）患者的原因及术中处理进行分析,现报告如下。     

白内障超声乳化术中意外情况的临床分析

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术中常见意外情况的发生原因及防治措施。方法 对施行白内障超声乳化植入ＰＭＭＡ人工晶体的４１２眼进行回顾研究。结果 常见意外：①术中虹膜根部脱出及切口漏水者１９眼（占４．６１），②撕囊失败者３９眼（占９．４６％），③后囊膜破裂３８眼（占９．２２％）。结论 白内障超声乳化术中主要的意外是撕囊失败、后囊膜破裂及切口漏水。     

手法小切口白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂的原因及处理

目的探讨手法小切口白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂的原因以及术中的处理方法。方法对22例22眼手法小切口白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂的原因及处理方法进行回顾性总结。结果发生后囊膜破裂22例22眼,除1例未植入人工晶体外,一期植入人工晶体21例,占95.45%,术后视力0.5以上8眼,无严重并发症发生。结论手法小切口白内障摘除术中后囊膜破裂虽然难以避免,但只要处理措施得当,完全可以取得满意的手术效果,避免严重并发症的发生,并使患者获得良好的视功能。     

Intraoperative management of posterior capsule tears in phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the incidence, causes, and management of posterior capsule (PC) tears and their postoperative outcomes in a large series of eyes that underwent cataract removal and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, operated on by one surgeon. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen thousand four hundred seventy consecutive eyes (1992-1999) were reviewed with the assistance of electronic medical records for incidence of PC tears in patients seeking treatment at an outpatient cataract surgery clinic. INTERVENTION: Eyes in this series underwent continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (CCC), nucleofractis phacoemulsification, and IOL implantation under topical anesthesia. Different intraoperative surgical strategies such as posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis (PCCC) were used in the management of PC tears. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Routine preoperative and postoperative visual and refractive outcomes were recorded, including incidence of lens capsule tears, IOL position, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Posterior capsule tears occurred in 83 of 18,470 eyes, resulting in an overall incidence of 0.45%. Of these 83 eyes with PC tears, 49% received vitrectomy. Fifty-one of 83 PC tears (61.4%) were amenable to be converted to PCCC. Of these 51 procedures, 50 eyes had PC IOL in-the-bag fixation. One eye had PCCC with optic capture. There were no eyes with dropped nuclei or nuclear fragments requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Seventeen eyes (20.5%) had Neuhann anterior capsule rhexis fixation with the haptics placed in the sulcus and IOL securely in the bag. Ten eyes (12.1%) had the IOL placed in the sulcus, and 5 eyes (6.0%) required anterior chamber IOL fixation. None of the 83 PC tears resulted in clinically evident cystoid macular edema, retinal detachment, or endophthalmitis. CONCLUSIONS: With an intact CCC and with conversion of PC tears to PCCC, in-the-bag fixation of IOLs can be achieved in most eyes.     

Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. An experimental study with clinical applications.

The posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis technique has been advocated in cases of posterior capsule rupture during extracapsular cataract extraction. The authors compared posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with posterior capsular sharp-edged tears. Two different types of forces were experimentally created on the posterior capsule of 30 human eyes obtained after death: (1) implantation and dialing of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs) and (2) increased intravitreal pressure by injection of balanced salt solution. All posterior capsular tears extended toward the equator, causing major capsular defects. In contrast, the posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis remained intact in all cases. This experimental study proves that in cases where an inadvertent posterior capsular tear occurs, a posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis is useful in preventing further capsular damage. Also, in cases where a posterior capsulotomy is indicated, a smooth edge created by a posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis may be useful to maintain the integrity of the capsular bag for PC IOL capsular implantation.     

Influence of intraoperative complication on intraocular rigid lens fixation in pediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: This paper presents the intraoperative complications in pediatric cataract surgery with IOL implantation and their influence on fixation place. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 384 eyes of 276 children undergone operative procedure for cataract. Anterior capsulorhexis, lens cortical aspiration, primary posterior capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy and IOL implantation were done in all eyes. The place of IOL implantation was capsular sac or ciliary sulcus. RESULTS: There were no serious intraoperative complications but in cases with large anterior (5.2%) and posterior (14.6%) radial capsule tears, vitreous loss (12.3%), and hemorrhage (5.5%) to anterior and posterior chamber the IOL was fixated at ciliary sulcus (in 37.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical procedure is useful and safe in the management of pediatric cataract. Location of an IOL in the ciliary sulcus in a child, is acceptable. To avoid decentration in this cases, we recommend rigid PMMA IOLs.     

前段玻璃体切割联合后囊膜切开治疗先天性白内障的疗效分析

目的探讨先天性白内障手术中,前段玻璃体切割联合后囊膜切开的疗效。方法选取2005年3月-2008年5月我院收治的先天性白内障患儿46例（59只眼）,行超声乳化白内障吸出,后囊膜中央切开及前段玻璃体切割术。〉3岁的患儿均一期植入人工晶体,〈3岁的患儿采用二期植入人工晶体。术后随访二年以上。结果 59只眼中有4只眼（6.8%）在术后3月至2年出现后发性白内障。术后3个月复查最佳矫正视力：〈0.1者3只眼;0.1-0.3者10只眼;0.4-0.5者26只眼;0.6-0.8者13只眼;7只眼因年龄偏小不能配合检查。结论后囊膜切开联合前段玻璃体切割在先天性白内障手术中能有效预防后发性白内障的发生。     

Functional outcomes of acrylic intraocular lenses in pediatric cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the functional outcomes of in-the-bag implantation of acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) with posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC), without PCCC, with PCCC and anterior vitrectomy, and with PCCC and optic capture in pediatric cataract surgery. SETTING: Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Guru Nanak Eye Centre, New Delhi, India. METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 25 children were included in this prospective study. All eyes had in-the-bag implantation of an AcrySof IOL (Alcon). Twenty-five eyes had had an anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (ACCC) (Group A). Seventeen eyes had PCCC along with ACCC (Group B), 4 had anterior vitrectomy combined with PCCC (Group C), and 6 had PCCC with IOL optic capture through the PCCC (Group D). Secondary opacification of the visual axis, visual acuity, and possible complications were observed and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 78 months (range 36 to 144 months). The mean follow-up was 13 months (range 6 to 18 months). Four eyes (16%) in Group A developed visually significant posterior capsule opacification (PCO) involving the central visual axis and required secondary capsulotomy. All eyes in Groups B, C, and D had a clear visual axis at the last follow-up and did not require a secondary procedure. Minimal postoperative inflammation (ie, aqueous flare and IOL deposits ) was seen in all groups. The mean preoperative decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Groups A, B, C, and D was 0.095, 0.055, 0.174, and 0.039, respectively. Postoperatively, the BCVA was 0.54, 0.66, 0.66, and 0.66, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An optimal-sized ACCC followed by in-the-bag implantation of a foldable acrylic IOL helped maintain a clear visual axis by delaying the onset of PCO and leading to milder PCO. The benefits of a foldable acrylic IOL in pediatric cataract surgery can be increased by combining it with PCCC, with or without anterior vitrectomy, or with optic capture of the IOL.     

Intraocular lens implantation in traumatic cataract

PURPOSE: The evaluation of postoperative results and complications after traumatic cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty two eyes of 41 patients (31 male and 10 female) aged from 10 to 66 years (mean 37.8) with traumatic cataract were the subject of our study. They were operated on between 1996 and 1997. A penetrating injury in 33 eyes (78.6%) and blunt trauma in 9 eyes (21.4%) caused the cataract. The interval between trauma and cataract surgery ranged from 1 day to 40 years. The mean follow up was 13.5 months. Despite of cataract corneal scars, pupil deformations, posterior and anterior synechiae were observed in most of the eyes. Extracapsular cataract extraction was performed in all cases. Posterior chamber IOLs were implanted in 33 eyes. Anterior vitrectomy and anterior chamber IOL implantation was performed in 9 eyes due to the lack of capsular support. RESULTS: Very good or good visual acuity (5/5-5/16) was achieved in 71.4% of cases. Low visual acuity (below 5/50) was observed in 6 eyes (14.3%) because of severe damage to the retina, optic nerve atrophy or amblyopia. Fibrin reaction in anterior chamber (30.9%), hyphaema (19%) and haemophtalmus (4.8%) were the most severe postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: An intraocular lens implantation in traumatic cataract, despite many postoperative complications, enables most of the patients to achieve satisfactory and useful vision. Patients with severe posterior segment damage do not benefit functionally from cataract surgery.     

前部玻璃体切除在先天性白内障手术中的作用

目的探讨存先天性白内障手术中前部玻璃体切除对术后视轴区后囊浑浊的预防作用。方法对61例（122眼）2～8岁的儿童双眼先天性白内障施行晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入。右眼为对照组（61眼）联合后囊连续环形撕囊;左眼为研究组（61眼）联合后囊连续环形撕囊及前部玻璃体切除。随访6～66月,平均31．6月观察记录两组视轴区浑浊情况和其它并发症.结果视轴区浑浊发生率,对照组为36．07％,研究组为8．20％,研究组明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。在能够进行视力检查的48例（96眼）中,术后最佳矫正视力≥0．3者,对照组为30只眼（62．50％）;研究组为39只眼（81．25％）,研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于（2～8岁）儿童先天性白内障,在施行晶状体超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入的同时,联合后囊连续环形撕囊及前部玻璃体切除,可安全有效的减低术后视轴区浑浊的发生率。     

Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with hydrogel and silicone intraocular lens implantation: development of capsulorhexis size and capsule opacification.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of primary posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) on capsule opacification development and capsular bag changes within the first year after cataract surgery with 2 intraocular lenses (IOLs) of comparable design but different material. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Vienna, Medical School, Vienna, Austria. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with age-related cataract had bilateral small incision cataract surgery with a PCCC performed after capsular tension ring insertion. One eye was randomly assigned to receive a hydrogel IOL and the other eye, a silicone IOL. Standardized digital retroillumination photographs were taken 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery to evaluate changes in the dimensions of the anterior and posterior capsulorhexis opening area and the presence of anterior and posterior capsule opacification. RESULTS: The area of the anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (ACCC) opening was significantly reduced during the first 6 postoperative months. The shrinkage was more pronounced (-25%) in the silicone IOL group than in the hydrogel IOL group. Ten percent of eyes with a silicone IOL had marked shrinkage of the ACCC. The area of the PCCC did not change in eyes with a hydrogel IOL but was larger (+20%) in eyes with a silicone IOL. Anterior ongrowth was observed in 60% in the hydrogel group and in no eye in the silicone group. Anterior capsule fibrosis was observed in 90% in the silicone group and in 20% in the hydrogel group. Total closure of the PCCC was not observed within the first year, but posterior ongrowth was observed in 40% in the hydrogel group and 10% in the silicone group. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior capsulorhexis shrinkage with concomitant posterior capsulorhexis enlargement was observed in eyes with a silicone IOL. The hydrogel IOL induced more ongrowth on the anterior and posterior IOL surfaces, whereas the silicone IOL induced more anterior capsule fibrosis. Total closure of the PCCC was not observed within the first year after surgery.     

儿童白内障手术及术后视力康复

目的 探讨儿童白内障手术疗效及术后视力康复.方法 观察2005年7月至2009年11月手术的45例(76只眼)儿童白内障患儿,行白内障摘除术+后囊膜环形撕囊术(PCCC)+前部玻璃体切除术33例(64只眼),双眼白内障患儿同时手术,其中28例(58只眼)2岁以后再次行Ⅱ期人工晶状体植入术,;行白内障摘除术+后囊膜环形撕囊术(PCCC)+前部玻璃体切除术+人工晶状体植入术9例(9只眼);行白内障摘除术+人工晶状体植入术3例(3只眼).对手术年龄、手术方式、术后并发症及术后远期视力等进行回顾性分析,随访4～55个月,平均34.5月.结果 33例矫正视力在0.3以上,手术脱残率73.3%,5例矫正视力在0.05～0.3,手术脱肓率84.4%,2例矫正视力在0.05以下.5例患儿因年龄小不能合作检查视力,但能追随光亮或注视目标.后发障发生率为6.58%,双眼同时手术与同期单眼手术术后并发症差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 白内障摘除术+后囊膜环形撕囊术(PCCC)+前部玻璃体切除术联合人工晶状体植入术是治疗儿童白内障安全有效的措施,儿童白内障双眼同时手术是安全的.坚持弱视训练是儿童白内障术后获得良好视力,重建视功能的关键.     

25-G玻璃体手术系统在儿童白内障手术中的应用

目的 探讨儿童白内障手术中在无灌注状态下应用25-G玻璃体切除头切除视轴区晶状体后囊膜和玻璃体前皮质的安全性和有效性.方法 为前瞻性系列病例研究.对连续30例(40只眼)儿童白内障在全身麻醉下进行晶状体前囊环形撕开、白内障吸出和囊袋内折叠式人工晶状体(IOL)植入后,在前房保留黏弹剂的状态下,经扁平部应用25-G玻璃体切除头行视轴区晶状体后囊膜切开和前玻璃体皮质切除.观察记录手术切除时间、眼压变化、穿刺口愈合情况、手术并发症和手术疗效.结果 所有手术均顺利进行,术中无前房塌陷、晶状体后囊膜撕裂和其他并发症,IOL均位于囊袋内.视轴区后囊膜切开和玻璃体前皮质切除的时间为20～60 s,平均(38.8±11.2)s.有2只眼术后发生短暂低眼压,均在3 d内恢复正常,其余患儿术后眼压在正常范围.术后2只眼前房出现轻度纤维性渗出,在术后37～d完全吸收.超声活体显微镜显示巩膜穿刺口在术后1个月左右痊愈.随访时间4～30个月,平均8个月.所有患儿瞳孔均圆而居中,无虹膜后粘连、后囊膜切开区混浊、IOL偏位或夹持、玻璃体脱出、视网膜脉络膜脱离及增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生.结论 在儿童白内障手术中利用25-G玻璃体切除头在无灌注状态下行视轴区晶状体后囊膜切开和玻璃体前皮质切除术安全有效,手术创伤小,操作容易控制,术后炎症反应轻.长期疗效及与其他手术方式疗效的比较还需进一步观察.