扭动式超声乳化术对黄斑中心凹厚度及角膜的影响

目的：观察扭动式超声乳化对白内障术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度及角膜的影响。 方法：采用常规式超声乳化和扭动式超声乳化进行白内障手术,选取术中无并发症发生的单纯性老年性白内障52例52眼,随机分入观察组（扭动式超声组,26眼）和对照组（常规超声组,26眼）,于术后1,4,12 wk行光学相干断层成像术（OCT）测量黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度,术后1d裂隙灯观察角膜水肿情况。 结果：观察组和对照组黄斑中心厚度在术后1,4,12 wk时均较相应组术前值增加（P〈0.05）;两组间在术后1wk时黄斑厚度增加差异明显（P〈0.05）,4,12wk时两组间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。术后观察组对角膜水肿的影响较小（P〈0.05）。 结论：扭动式超声乳化手术相对常规超声来说对眼角膜及黄斑中心凹视网膜的影响都较小,能有效地减轻术后反应。     

光学相干断层成像术观察超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑变化

目的　探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术后黄斑形态的变化及其可能的影响因素。方法　对行超声乳化白内障吸除术 ,且术前无合并症、术中无并发症发生的单纯老年性白内障患者 80例 (80只眼 )于术前和术后 1周分别行光学相干断层成像术 (opticalcoherencetomography ,OCT)检查 ;按术中使用的超声能量高低分成 2个组。观察黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的变化及其与术中超声能量、术后前房炎性反应和视力的关系。结果　 80只眼黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (14 2 9± 16 7) μm ,术后为 (15 7 9± 36 7) μm ,两者比较差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 3只眼出现黄斑水肿 ,11只眼出现房水中度闪光 ,黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为 (139 9± 11 3) μm ,术后为 (197 6± 36 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t =2 75 1,P <0 0 5 )。低能量组术后黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度为 (15 6 2± 18 3) μm ,高能量组为 (172 6± 32 9) μm ,两者比较差异有显著意义 (t=2 4 11,P <0 0 5 )。术后最佳矫正视力与黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度呈负相关性 (r=- 0 82 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　超声乳化白内障吸除术可导致术眼黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度增加及黄斑水肿 ;术中高超声能量可明显影响术后黄斑中心凹视网膜的形态 ;术后黄斑中心     

糖尿病患者超声乳化白内障吸出术后 黄斑改变的光学相干断层扫描

目的观察超声乳化白内障吸出术对糖尿病患者黄斑结构的影响。 方法对比分析30例行超声乳化白内障吸出术的糖尿病患者手术 眼与对侧未手术眼以及30例无糖尿病行超声乳化白内障吸出术者手术前及术后1 d、1个月时 黄斑中心凹厚度的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography, OCT) 测量资料。 结果糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化手术眼手术前黄斑中心凹的平 均厚度为(148．5±27．7)μm,术后平均厚度为(219．4±68．23) μm,二者比较差异有显著性意义(P<0．05);未手术眼初次检查黄斑中心凹平均厚度为(147．4±27．5) μm,1个月后复查为(148．2±27．3) μm,二者比较差异无显著性意义(P>0．05)。无糖尿病行白内障超声乳化手术眼术前黄斑中心凹平均厚度为(142．37±12．7) μm,术后为(151．9±23．7) μm,二者比较差异无显著性意义(P>0．05)。糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化手术组术后新增黄斑水肿11只眼,原有黄斑水肿的6只眼中3只眼水肿较术前加重。结论 糖尿病患者白内障超声乳化吸出术后视网膜厚度明显增加,黄斑水肿的发生率较高,黄斑水肿的程度较重。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:175-177)     

手法小切口白内障手术与超声乳化术后糖尿病患者黄斑厚度的对比

目的 比较手法小切口白内障手术与超声乳化手术对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者黄斑中心凹厚度的影响.方法 56例（56只眼）合并Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的白内障随机分成两组,分别施行手法小切口白内障手术及超声乳化吸出手术.所有患者术前均行眼底检查及眼底照像,术前1个月、术后1周、4周、6周、3个月OCT测量黄斑中心凹厚度,并分析此厚度与最佳矫正视力的相关性.结果 26只眼手法小切口白内障手术,30只眼超声乳化吸出手术,两组患者术后黄斑水肿发生率差异无统计学意义.术后1周,手法组黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮层厚度明显高于超乳组（t=4.602,P=0.006）,最佳矫正视力明显低于超乳组（χ2=9.753,P=0.009）,4周后两组黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮层厚度和最佳矫正视力差异均无统计学意义.最佳矫正视力与黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮层厚度呈现负相关.结论 虽然Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的白内障手法小切口白内障手术和超声乳化吸出术后黄斑水肿发生率无差异,但是术后短期内手法小切口手术对黄斑中心凹视网膜神经上皮层厚度影响较大,并暂时影响最佳矫正视力.     

基于OCTA的白内障超声乳化术后黄斑区视网膜厚度和血管密度分析

目的　利用光学相干断层扫描血管成像（optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA）评估白内障超声乳化术后黄斑区视网膜厚度和血管密度的改变。方法　纳入47例（57眼）白内障患者,分别在白内障超声乳化术前及术后1周、1个月和3个月使用OCTA检查患眼黄斑中心凹、黄斑中心凹旁、黄斑中心凹周边视网膜厚度和黄斑区视网膜浅层、深层的微血管密度以及黄斑中心凹无血管区（foveal avascular zone,FAZ）面积的变化。结果　与术前相比,术后1个月和3个月黄斑中心凹、黄斑中心凹旁和黄斑中心凹周边视网膜全层厚度均显著增加（均为P<0.05）,主要表现在内层视网膜的增加上。术后1周、1个月、3个月,黄斑中心凹旁及黄斑中心凹周边视网膜浅层血管密度与术前相比差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）,仅术后1个月视网膜深层黄斑中心凹周边血管密度显著高于术前（P<0.05）。术后1个月和3个月黄斑FAZ面积分别为（0.42±0.23)mm²和（0.34±0.17)mm²,显著低于术前的（0.73±0.91)mm²,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。结论　白内障超声乳化术后患者黄斑区视网膜厚度增加以及FAZ面积降低,黄斑中心凹周边视网膜血管密度无明显改变。     

高龄白内障患者同轴1．8 mm 微切口超声乳化术后黄斑区视网膜厚度的临床观察

目的：探讨同轴1．8 mm微切口白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术对高龄白内障患者黄斑区平均视网膜厚度的影响。方法前瞻性随机对照研究。选择80岁以上高龄老年性白内障患者46例（46只眼）,随机分为2组,A组患者23例（23只眼）行1．8 mm白内障超声乳化吸除联合Akreos MI60人工晶状体植入术,B组23例（23只眼）行3．0 mm白内障超声乳化吸除联合Tecnis ZA9003人工晶状体植入术。分别于术前、术后1个月及术后3个月观察黄斑区平均视网膜厚度的变化。采用SPSS 15．0统计学软件进行数据分析。结果所有患者术后术眼最佳矫正视力均较术前提高,OCT检查结果提示术后1个月A组黄斑区平均视网膜厚度（269．71±32．35）μm,B组黄斑区平均视网膜厚度（278．89±37．39）μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）;术后3个月A组黄斑区平均视网膜厚度（257．86±27．42）μm,B组黄斑区平均视网膜厚度（261．18±25．17）μm,两组比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。结论与传统3．0 mm小切口手术相比,1．8 mm微切口白内障超声乳化吸除术治疗高龄白内障可显著减轻手术对黄斑区视网膜的影响,从而保持稳定的视觉质量。     

白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与最佳矫正视力的相关性研究

目的　探讨白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与最佳矫正视力（ｂｅｓｔｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｅｄｖｉｓ-ｕａｌａｃｕｉｔｙ,ＢＣＶＡ）的相关性。方法　选取２０１３年１月至２０１４年３月于我院接受超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗的６７例（８３眼）白内障患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据患者术后黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度将患者分为低厚度组（≤３３０μｍ）、中厚度组（３３０～３５０μｍ）及高厚度组（≥３５０μｍ）,对比３组术后１周及术后１个月的ＢＣＶＡ差异,同时分析术后１周黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与ＢＣＶＡ的相关性。结果　３组术后１周及１个月ＢＣＶＡ均较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０. ０５）;但术后１周及术后１个月ＢＣＶＡ比较,差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。术后１周、１个月低厚度组ＢＣＶＡ均明显高于中厚度组及高厚度组,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,而中厚度组ＢＣＶＡ明显高于高厚度组,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。术后１周低厚度组、中厚度组和高厚度组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别为（３２２．６７±３６．６１）μｍ、（３４１．７２±３７．３６）μｍ、（３５２．６１±２９．５９）μｍ,相关性分析显示,术后１周黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与ＢＣＶＡ存在显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．７２４,Ｐ＝０. ０００）。术后１周低厚度组、中厚度组和高厚度组ＢＣＶＡ与术前差值分别为－０．５６±０．１２、－０．４１±０．４１、－０．２３±０．５６,相关性分析显示,术后１周黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与ＢＣＶＡ差值也存在显著的负相关（ｒ＝－０．６１３,Ｐ＝０．０００）。结论　超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术后患者的黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度与ＢＣＶＡ存在显著的负相关性。     

白内障超声乳化术后应用活血化淤汤的临床观察

背景白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体（IOL）植入术后的黄斑水肿是影响视功能的主要原因,中医药疗法减轻组织水肿疗效独特,但其对白内障超声乳化术后黄斑水肿的防治作用少有报道。目的探讨口服活血化淤汤对白内障超声乳化联合IOL植入术后黄斑区的保护作用。方法采用病例对照研究设计。单纯年龄相关性白内障行常规超声乳化联合IOL植入术150例180眼分为单纯手术组和手术＋药物组。单纯手术组86例100眼仅行手术治疗,手术＋药物组64例80眼手术后给予活血化瘀汤12I服14d。两组分别于术前,术后1、2、4、6、8和12周对比患眼的最佳矫正视力、角膜反应及前房反应、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度及黄斑区组织变化情况。结果术后12周手术＋药物组视力≥1．0的跟数分布基本与单纯手术组持平,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1．066,P〉0.05）。术后1周手术＋药物组房水闪辉的眼数明显少于单纯手术组,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=9．341,P〈0.05）。单纯手术组、手术＋药物组术后2～8周中心凹厚度与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后2～8周手术＋药物组中心凹厚度低于单纯手术组,差异均有统计学意义（t=2．315、2．323、3．104、2．470,P〈0.05）。单纯手术组13眼（13／100,占13％）出现术后黄斑水肿,均发生于术后2～6周,包括中心凹增厚11眼,黄斑囊样水肿2眼,其中10眼术后12周内水肿消失。手术＋药物组3眼（3／80,占3．75％）出现术后黄斑水肿,包括黄斑中心凹增厚2眼及黄斑囊样水肿1眼,发生于术后4—6周,术后12周水肿消失。结论活血化淤汤能够促进超声乳化联合IOL植入术后眼前节炎症的恢复,改善术后黄斑区的功能。     

白内障超声乳化术后黄斑部的光学相干断层扫描

目的观察白内障顺利进行超声乳化术后黄斑部的变化。方法应用光学相干断层扫描仪分析50眼单纯年龄相关性白内障及33眼合并糖尿病或葡萄膜炎或高度近视的年龄相关性白内障超声乳化吸出术后2、4、6、8周及3个月的黄斑部变化及60只正常眼的黄斑部。结果正常人中心注视点厚度为(151.5±11.1)μm,白内障超声乳化术后中心注视点厚度增加,但单纯白内障组仅于术后4~6周有显著性差异;单纯白内障组10眼(20%)出现术后黄斑水肿,均发生于术后2~6周,包括8眼中心凹增厚及2眼黄斑囊样水肿,其中9眼(90%)于6个月内自愈;合并症组13眼(43.3%)出现术后黄斑水肿且消退缓慢;术后各期中心凹厚度与视力呈负相关。结论白内障超声乳化术后黄斑部呈现厚度增加的趋势,造成一定程度的视力下降,尤其是糖尿病、高度近视等易患黄斑水肿者,少数人会出现黄斑囊样水肿,但绝大多数人可自愈,预后良好。     

不同手术方式对高度近视合并白内障患者黄斑区视网膜厚度及视力的影响

目的比较高度近视合并白内障患者进行小切口手法碎核白内障摘出术与白内障超声乳化吸出术对黄斑区视网膜厚度的影响。方法 64例(80眼)高度近视合并白内障患者随机分为A、B两组,A组行小切口手法碎核白内障手术,B组行白内障超声乳化吸出术。术后1周、4周、8周和12周观察两组患者最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA),术前及术后1周进行角膜内皮细胞计数。采用Zeiss-Humphrey OCT3仪于术前1周,术后1周、4周、6周、8周和12周分别检查术眼黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度。结果 A、B组术后BCVA较术前均有所提高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),术后各时间点两组BCVA比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。A、B两组术后角膜内皮细胞丢失率分别为6.95%和7.19%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A、B组术后1周时黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度分别为(189.37±24.95)μm和(191.87±22.61)μm,与术前(158.13±19.11)μm和(159.20±16.18)μm相比,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后4周、6周时两组黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度仍较术前明显增厚,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05);术后8周、12周时A、B组黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度均恢复至术前水平,组间比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。B组术后发现黄斑囊样水肿1眼,第12周复查时已消退。结论高度近视合并白内障患者行不同方式白内障手术后早期黄斑区视网膜厚度均有增加,但是大多达不到黄斑囊样水肿的诊断标准,在8周左右黄斑区视网膜厚度几乎恢复正常。     

Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the effect on the macula of AquaLase liquefaction and ultrasound phacoemulsification cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of ultrasound (US) phacoemulsification and AquaLase liquefaction (Alcon Laboratories) cataract surgery on the macula using optical coherence tomography (OCT). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. METHODS: Sixty-three patients having cataract surgery were randomized to receive US phacoemulsification or AquaLase liquefaction cataract surgery. Macular thickness and volume were evaluated by OCT preoperatively and 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcomes were OCT central macular thickness and best corrected visual acuity at 6 weeks. Secondary outcomes were OCT macular volume and perioperative and postoperative complications. RESULTS: Over the 6-week study, the median increase in foveal thickness in the study eye compared with that in the fellow eye was 11 microm (interquartile range [IQR] -21 to 23 microm) in the AquaLase group and 17 microm (IQR -11 to 33 microm) in the phacoemulsification group (P = .229). A subgroup analysis of diabetic patients found a median increase in foveal thickness in the study eye versus the fellow eye of 2 microm (IQR -14 to 23 microm) in the AquaLase group and 29 microm (IQR 11 to 41 microm) in the phacoemulsification group (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: The results in this study suggest that AquaLase liquefaction cataract extraction is as safe as standard US phacoemulsification cataract extraction and may carry less risk for the development of postoperative cystoid macular edema. This may be most evident in diabetic patients.     

白内障超声乳化手术后黄斑区光学相干断层扫描

目的:观察白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后黄斑中心凹厚度的改变。方法:对行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术,且术前、术中无并发症患者56例56眼,行术前及术后1,3mo黄斑区OCT检查,观察术眼黄斑中心凹厚度变化及视力变化。结果:56眼黄斑中心凹视网膜平均厚度术前为241.3±9.9μm,术后1mo为(260.7±16.8)μm,术后3mo为(245.6±17.6)μm,术后1mo与术前比较,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000),术后3mo与术前比较,差异无显著性意义(P=0.137)。术后1mo,2眼出现黄斑囊样水肿,术后3mo,1眼黄斑囊样水肿消退,另1眼黄斑囊样水肿较前略降低,其余眼未出现黄斑囊样水肿。结论:白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术后1mo黄斑中心凹厚度明显增加,术后3mo大部分黄斑水肿消退。     

Effect of intracameral carbachol given during cataract surgery on macular thickness

To evaluate the effect of intracameral carbachol on foveal thickness in patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery. This retrospective study included two groups: the study group patients (group 1, n?=?47 eyes) had uneventful cataract surgery and received only carbachol 0.01?% for miosis; the control group patients (group 2, n?=?49 eyes) had uneventful cataract surgery without carbachol or any intracameral medication(s). The groups were compared for foveal thickness after cataract surgery. All phacoemulsification plus intraocular lens implantation surgeries were performed under local anesthesia via temporal clear corneal tunnel incisions. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for preoperative and postoperative visual acuity (VA) and foveal thickness (FT) at 1 and 4?weeks. Optical coherence tomography was used for the FT measurements, with the MM6 map program. The patients in the study and control groups had a mean age of 57.78?±?9.07 and 59.72?±?8.96, respectively (p?=?0.355). All eyes had a significant improvement in VA. In the study group, the mean FT at the visits before and 1 and 4?weeks after surgery was 216.87?±?21.06, 228.81?±?30.52, and 222.94?±?29.91?μm, respectively. For the control group, the mean FT, before and 1 and 4?weeks after surgery, was 222.53?±?17.66, 231.67?±?23.08, and 225.41?±?22.59?μm, respectively. Intracameral carbachol 0.01?% had no effect on foveal thickness in patients who underwent uneventful cataract surgery.     

Retinal thickness immediately after cataract surgery measured by optical coherence tomography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in retinal thickness immediately after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retinal thickness before and 0.5 hours after uneventful cataract surgery was determined in 10 patients at 15 different points at the posterior pole by optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: The mean retinal thickness at the posterior pole was 251 microm (+/-30 microm) before cataract surgery and 249 microm (+/-25 microm) after cataract surgery. No statistical difference between pre- and postoperatively values could be evaluated (P = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that uncomplicated cataract surgery does not influence retinal thickness immediately postoperatively in eyes without ocular pathologies.     

Prospective randomized comparative study of macular thickness following phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgery

Purpose: To compare macular thickness following uncomplicated phacoemulsification with foldable acrylic lens and manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) with non‐foldable polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) lens implantation. Methods: Prospective study was carried out with one eye each of 224 patients with senile cataract randomized into two groups, phacoemulsification and MSICS, by simple 1:1 randomization. Following surgery by either of the two methods, macular thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) on the 1st, 7th, 42nd and 180th postoperative day. Main outcome measure was postoperative macular thickness. Results: On the first postoperative day, central subfield mean thickness (CSMT) in MSICS group was 192.8 ± 17.9 μm and that in phacoemulsification group was 192.1 ± 27.4 μm, with no significant difference (p = 0.12). On the 7th day, CSMT in MSICS group (198.9 ± 21.4 μm) was significantly (p = 0.04) more than that in phacoemulsification group (193.1 ± 19.3 μm). On the 42nd day, CSMT in MSICS group was 207.8 ± 26.3 μm and that in phacoemulsification group was 198.3 ± 23 μm, the difference being significant (p = 0.007). Clinically macular oedema was not diagnosed in any of the patients at any visit. The increase in macular thickness was sub‐clinical and did not affect final visual outcome in any patient. Conclusion: In spite of the greater theoretical risk of increased postoperative inflammation following MSICS, there was no evidence of cystoid macular oedema, either clinically or on OCT. However, chance of sub‐clinical increase in CSMT was more following MSICS compared to phacoemulsification.     

扭动模式超声乳化对年龄相关性白内障患者眼角膜的影响

目的:探讨扭动模式超声乳化对年龄相关性白内障患者眼角膜的影响.方法:选取我院2012-01/2014-12眼科住院的年龄相关性白内障患者161例196眼,按随机化原则分为扭动模式组(A组)和传统模式组(B组),晶状体核硬度按照Emery标准进行分级.记录术中所使用的有效超声时间(ultrasound time,UST)、有效累积释放能量(cumulative dissipated energy,CDE),并比较术后最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、眼角膜水肿程度(corneal edema degree,CED)、眼角膜中央厚度(central corneal thickness,CCT)和眼角膜内皮细胞丢失率.结果:两组患者各级核硬度手术中所使用的UST和CDE比较,A组较B组低.术后的平均最佳矫正视力比较,术后1、7d时A组较B组高,而术后30d两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).眼角膜水肿和CCT比较,术后1、7d时A组较B组眼角膜水肿轻,平均CCT厚,术后30d两组患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后7、30d平均眼角膜内皮细胞计数比较,A组较B组高,丢失率低.结论:由于缩短了术中UST和减少了CDE,扭动模式超声乳化减轻了对眼角膜内皮细胞的损伤,使得患者术后恢复周期缩短,但并未根本解决超声乳化对眼角膜造成的损伤.     

Which procedure has more effect on macular thickness: primary posterior continuous capsulorhexis (PPCC) combined with phacoemulsification or Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy?

To compare the effect of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and primary posterior continuous capsulorhexis (PPCC) combined with phacoemulsification on macular thickness using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in adults. This prospective comparative interventional study included 32 eyes of 30 patients who underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and 33 eyes of 33 patients who underwent cataract surgery with PPCC. Detailed ocular examinations, including macular thickness measurements by OCT, were performed in all patients preoperatively and postoperatively on the 1st day, 1st week, and 1st, 3rd and 6th months. No significant differences were found in macular thickness between the two groups in preoperative and postoperative follow-up. No cystoid changes were observed in OCT during the postoperative period in both groups. Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and PPCC combined with cataract surgery are safe and effective procedures that are not associated with an increase in macular thickness.