多焦视网膜电图在Vogt一小柳原田病急性期及恢复期随访中的应用

背景应用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）评价急性期Vogt—Koyanagi-Harada（VKH）病的视网膜功能已有研究和报道,但VKH病恢复期mfERG如何变化文献报道不多。目的观察及随访VKH病急性期与恢复期视力及mfERG的变化特点。方法为回顾性临床对照研究设计,纳入在中山大学中山眼科中心确诊为VKH病急性期患者18例35眼,对患者的视力、mfERG及荧光素眼底血管造影（FFA）检查,并对VKH恢复期患者随访18个月,重复上述检查4次,对正常人、VKH急性期和恢复期患者的mfERG结果进行比较。结果本组急性期VKH病患者视力在0．01～1．0之间,仅1眼（2．86％）视力为1．0,91．4％（32／35眼）视力〈0．6,较正常对照组视力下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。正常对照组、VKH急性期组和恢复期组患者mfERG1～6环的N1、P1波反应密度的总体差异比较均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与正常对照组比较,VKH急性期组和恢复期组患者mfERG1—6环的N1、P1波反应密度均明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,但各环振幅降低的幅度不同,以1～3环降低最为严重,1环P1波振幅仅有正常对照的22％,随离心度增加,振幅降低逐渐减轻。与VKH急性期组相比较,恢复期组（2个月）患者视力为0．1～1．2之间,50％视力≥1．0,mfERGN1、P1波反应密度的提高以1～2环显著,与急性期相比差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;但各环mfERGN1、P1波反应密度仍与正常有很大差异,总体仅及正常振幅的44％。VKH恢复期患者4次随访结果显示,患眼各期视力稳定,mfERG各波振幅有轻度下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;3环内N1、P1隐含时缩短,4次随访总体差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论VKH对患者视力及后极部视网膜功能有严重影响,黄斑区是疾病影响最为严重且治疗前后功能变化较大的部位。治疗后即使视力恢复较理想,但mfERG结果证实视网膜功能仍有较大程度损害。     

单眼视网膜静脉阻塞患者对侧眼黄斑功能的多焦视网膜电图检测

目的 观察单眼视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)患者对侧眼黄斑功能的变化.方法 对比分析24例经荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)确诊为单眼RVO患者的24只对侧眼及18位正常受试者18只正常眼的多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)检测结果,比较两组受试者黄斑功能的差异.采用罗兰RETIsean电生理仪记录mfERG,将记录图形分别按照6个同心圆和4个象限对P1、N1波的振幅密度及潜伏期进行比较和分析.结果 RVO患者对侧眼在中心第1、2环处P1、N1波的振幅密度显著低于正常眼,差异有统计学意义(t=4.520,2.147;P＜0.05);其它各环、各象限振幅密度及潜伏期在两组间均未见明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 与正常眼相比,RVO患者对侧眼黄斑中心凹视功能受损.     

正常眼多焦视网膜电图一阶核反应分析

目的 :观察正常眼后极部视网膜 (感光细胞 )功能。方法 :应用RETIscan多焦视觉电生理检查系统 (短M序列 )对2 4例 (32只眼 ) 10～ 30岁、4 0～ 6 0岁正常人眼后极部约 30°范围内视网膜行 6 1个刺激阵列的多焦视网膜电图 (multifocalelec troretinogram ,mfERG)一阶核反应 (firstorderkernel,FOK)测定 ,分别比较以黄斑中心凹为圆心排列的 1～ 5环FOKP1、N1波峰时和振幅密度值 ,以及黄斑鼻颞侧 ,后极部四个象限视网膜 ,后极部视网膜上、下半侧P1、N1波峰时和振幅密度值。结果 :随离心度增加 ,FOK反应P1、N1波有振幅密度值逐渐降低、峰时先逐渐缩短后逐渐延长的特征 ;10～ 30岁年龄组正常眼P1、N1波振幅密度值较 4 0～ 6 0岁年龄组大 ,峰时短 ,其差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;各组的四个象限间和后极部视网膜上下半的P1波振幅密度值差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;10～ 30岁年龄组正常眼黄斑鼻颞侧P1波振幅密度值鼻侧大于颞侧 ,其差异有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而 4 0～ 6 0岁年龄组黄斑鼻颞侧差异无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :mfERG一阶核反应与视网膜感光细胞特别是视锥细胞的功能相对应。FOK振幅密度值随年龄增长而降低 ,说明视网膜感光细胞功能逐渐减退 ,FOK最短峰时的出现可能与有功能锥     

多焦视网膜电图对钝伤性睫状体分离眼手术前后视功能的评价

目的 应用多焦视网膜电图研究钝伤性睫状体分离眼手术前后各部位视网膜功能,探讨睫状体分离眼视功能损害机制,为治疗及手术方法的选择与改进,预后的评估提供参考.方法 应用VERISscience TM4.2多焦电生理系统对43例钝伤性睫状体分离眼术前术后及对侧眼进行mfERG检测,以mfERG一阶反应N1波、P1波的振幅密度、潜时为分析指标,对不同视网膜区域包括6个离心度,中心凹、黄斑区、黄斑外区进行检测.对视力与mfERG的关系进行分析.结果 钝伤性睫状体分离组患眼手术前后的mfERG比较:N1、P1波振幅密度术后较术前明显提高,术后潜时较术前缩短,在6个环差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).钝伤性睫状体分离组患眼术后与对侧眼的mfERG比较:患眼在6个环的N1、P1波振幅密度较对侧眼降低,潜时延长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).彩色三维立体地形图直观的显示与黄斑病变相对应的功能异常.术后视力与术前mfERG无明显相关关系(P>0.05),术前视力与术后mfERG存在等级相关(P<0.05).结论 mfERG能对钝伤性睫状体分离眼视网膜功能进行定位定量测量.     

复杂性视网膜脱离的多焦视网膜电图研究

目的 探讨多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）对复杂性视网膜脱离（RD）视功能客观评价的意义。方法 应用VERIS ScienceTM 4．2mfERG检测仪对80例复杂性RD患者的双眼进行检测，并与正常对照组比较。结果 复杂性RD患者的对侧眼、患眼在6个环的N1波、P1波振幅密度较正常对照组降低，潜时延长，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。有严重玻璃体积血组的N1、P1波振幅密度在2～6环高于无严重玻璃体积血组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。重度PVR组的N1、P1波振幅密度低于轻度PVR组，在6个环差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。黄斑裂孔组在所有6个环的N1、P1波振幅密度较正常对照组降低，潜时延长，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 mfERG能客观定量评价复杂性RD患者的视功能。严重的玻璃体积血、黄斑裂孔、PVR对视功能有明显影响。     

Behcet病后葡萄膜炎的多焦视网膜电图研究

目的观察Behcet病后葡萄膜炎对后极部视网膜功能的影响。方法对39例（68眼）活动期Behcet病患者进行多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）检测。受试眼根据荧光素跟底血管造影（FFA）表现分为Behcet病合并囊样黄斑水肿（CME）组和Behcet病合并弥漫黄斑水肿（DME）组,分析其mfERG特点。17名年龄和性别匹配的正常受试者作为正常对照组。mfERG的检测遵循国际临床视觉电生理学会标准化的要求。结果与正常对照组相比,Behcet病患者mfERGl～6环P．波振幅明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;1～5环N1波振幅明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;Behcet病患者1～6环P1波隐含时缩短,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Behcet病合并DME组mfERG1～6环P1波、N1波振幅较Behcet病合并CME组均明显降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。Behcet病合并CME组患者视力与1环的N1波隐含时及振幅均呈负相关（r=-0．36,r=-0．37,P〈0．05）,与1环的P1波振幅呈正相关（r=0．43,P〈0．05）。Behcet病合并DME组患者的视力与1环的N,波振幅、隐含时及P1波振幅均呈负相关（r=-0．d1,r=-0．35,r=-0．40;P〈0．05）,与1环P1波振幅呈正相关（r=0．48,P〈0．05）。结论黄斑中心凹是Behcet病患者视网膜功能降低最严重的部位。Behcet病患者mfERG的异常主要表现为视网膜电位的幅度改变,对视网膜电活动的时程无明显延迟作用。     

亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变的 mfERG 及危险因素的临床观察

目的（1）应用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）的一阶反应研究亚临床期糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者与正常人的视网膜功能,分析两组之间的差异。（2）探讨糖化血红蛋白、血脂及糖尿病病程与mfERG异常变化之间的关系,筛选出亚临床期DR患者的相关危险因素。方法选择已确诊为2型糖尿病的患者40例（75只眼）为实验组,健康体检者20例（36只眼）作为对照组。所有受检者均行多焦视网膜电图检查并且对40WGQJ2型糖尿病患者行糖化血红蛋白、血脂等相关指标检测,对结果进行统计学分析。结果（1）亚临床期DR患者P1波的振幅表现为环1到环5明显降低,P1波的潜伏期表现为环3到环5显著延迟。（2）亚临床期DR患者的N1波振幅表现为环3及环4振幅降低,N1波潜伏期表现为环5显著延迟。（3）糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇与亚临床期DR患者mfERG振幅的降低相关。结论（1）mfERG在亚临床期DR中表现为振幅降低及潜伏期延长,mfERG能在早期客观的评价视网膜的功能。（2）mfERG P1波振幅的降低与糖化血红蛋白、总胆固醇相关,故亚临床期DR 患者糖化血红蛋白、血脂的控制,对于预防及延缓DR的发生发展有重要作用。     

玻璃体切割术对PDR患者黄斑区视网膜结构及功能的影响

目的:观察增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic retinopathy,PDR)患者玻璃体切割术前与术后黄斑区视网膜结构及功能的变化.方法:对33例44眼行玻璃体切割术的PDR患者及30例44眼正常对照组采用光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)及多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinogram,mf-ERG)进行检查,观察PDR患者术前与术后及正常对照组黄斑区视网膜厚度的改变及P1波、N1波5环和4象限的振幅密度及潜伏期的变化.结果:术后随访2mo,正常对照组、PDR患者组术前及术后两两比较:P1波振幅密度正常组及PDR组术前、术后两两比较,5环及4象限差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);P1波潜伏期1环正常对照组与PDR组术前比较,3,4,5环正常对照组与PDR组术后比较,第2,3象限正常对照组与PDR组术后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余均有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);N1波振幅1环正常对照组与PDR组术后比较,无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余均有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);N1波潜伏期3环PDR组术前及术后比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:玻璃体切割术可有效改善视网膜的感光及传导功能,从而成为治疗该病并改善部分视力的有效方法.     

中心性渗出性脉络膜病变光动力治疗的多焦视网膜电图观察

目的:应用多焦视网膜电图评价在中心性渗出性脉络膜病变患者光动力疗法治疗后视网膜功能的改变。方法:对11例(11眼)中心性渗出性脉络膜病变患者PDT在治疗前及治疗后7d～3mo分别查视力、多焦视网膜电图(mfERG)、眼底荧光造影、光学相干断层扫描图(OCT)。应用重复测量方差分析比较mfERGN1、P1波振幅密度变化。结果:中心性渗出性脉络膜病变患者PDT治疗后7d时的mfERG1～6环N1波、P1波振幅密度与治疗前比较均无明显差异(P>0.05),在治疗后45d时mfERG1～5环N1、P1波振幅密度值与治疗前有显著提高(P<0.05),治疗后3mo时mfERG1～5环N1波、1～4环P1波振幅密度值与治疗前有显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:PDT治疗中心性渗出性脉络膜病变患者疗效显著。PDT疗法可以提高或稳定中心性渗出性脉络膜病变患眼视力,mfERG显示它还能改善黄斑部的功能。     

mfERG在原发性视网膜色素变性病程中应用研究

目的探讨多焦视网膜电图(multifocal elec-troretinogram,mfERG)一阶反应(first kernel response,FOK)P1波中振幅和潜伏期在原发性视网膜色素变性(retinitispig-mentosa,RP)病程中的应用研究。方法应用mfERG分别对RP患者44眼及正常人28眼进行FOK检测,将各环P1波的振幅和潜伏期进行比较,结果进行统计学分析。结果RP患者各环P1波的振幅反应密度值均低于正常组(P<0.001);第1环(37.17±3.15)ms至第4环(38.25±4.53)ms2组潜伏期相比无显著性差异(P>0.05),第5环(41.17±5.66)ms的潜伏期显著长于正常组(36.25±4.66)ms(P<0.001)。结论FOK主要反映的是视网膜外层的功能,具有立体、直观的特点,因而能客观评价和反映RP疾病对视网膜功能损害的程度。     

First and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinography abnormalities in acute central serous chorioretinopathy

Purpose To evaluate the first and second-order kernel multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) response abnormalities in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study in which 45 eyes of 45 patients with acute CSC underwent mfERG recordings. Peak amplitudes and implicit times of the first and second-order kernel responses were analyzed and compared with 20 age-matched normal controls. Correlation analyses were performed between the patients’ visual acuity and the first and second-order amplitudes and implicit times. Results The first-order N1 and P1 mfERG amplitudes in the central three concentric rings were reduced in eyes with acute CSC compared with controls (P < 0.05). The first-order P1 implicit times of the central four rings were also delayed (P < 0.05). For the second-order mfERG response, there were significant reductions in the second-order P1 and N1 amplitudes in rings 3–5 compared with controls (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the second-order P1 and N1 implicit times was found compared with controls (P > 0.05). Correlation analyses showed significant correlations between visual acuity and the first-order N1 response amplitudes of rings 1 and 2, and for the first-order N1 and P1 implicit times of rings 1–4 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Both first and second-order mfERG response abnormalities occur in eyes with acute CSC. These results suggest that in acute CSC, while outer retinal dysfunction is mostly localized to the central macula, there might be more widespread impairment in adaptive mechanisms of the inner retina or outer plexiform layer dysfunction in the more peripheral macula. Presented in part in the 44th annual symposium of the International Society of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV), Fontevraud, France, June 2006.     

Visual function in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada patients

Background Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease presents with anterior segment inflammation, choroiditis and exudative retinal detachment. Following resolution of the inflammation, VKH patients have been noted to complain of visual disturbances despite good visual acuity. We therefore investigated the visual function deficits of convalescent VKH patients.Methods A cross-sectional observational nonrandomized controlled study of convalescent VKH patients from the Uveitis Service of the Singapore National Eye Centre, and normal subjects was performed. The best-corrected visual acuities (BCVA) and multifocal electroretinograms (mfERGs) of VKH patients with and without peripapillary atrophy (PPA) were compared with those of the normal eyes. The mfERG results were subdivided into those obtained from the peripapillary area and those from the rest of the macular.Results Eleven VKH eyes with large PPA to disc ratios (PPA/D ratio >2), 15 VKH eyes with PPA/D ratios<1 and 6 normal eyes were included in the study. Five eyes (54.5%) of VKH patients with PPA/D>2 had a BCVA of less than 20/40. All the other eyes had 20/20 vision. Nine of the 11 VKH eyes with PPA/D>2 also had large areas of chorioretinal atrophy.The mfERG responses of VKH eyes with PPA/D ratio >2 were markedly reduced in amplitude (p<0.001) and delayed in implicit time (p<0.001) throughout the entire macular area. VKH patients with PPA/D ratio<1 had significantly reduced mfERG amplitudes throughout the entire macular area, as well as delayed implicit times at the peripapillary region (p=0.026). Sub-division of VKH eyes with PPA/D<1 into eyes with no PPA and eyes with a small PPA, showed that both groups had a similar reduction in response amplitude over the entire macular region. However, the implicit time was significantly delayed in eyes with small PPA when compared to those without PPA (p<0.03).Conclusions VKH patients with large PPA have clinically significant visual dysfunction. VKH patients without PPA also have subclinical retinal dysfunction. The mfERG may be a useful adjunct in the management of VKH by detecting early retinal damage.The authors have no financial relationship with the Singapore Eye Research Institute that has sponsored the research, and have full control of all primary data and agree to allow Graefes Archives for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology to review our data if requested.     

Localized retinal electrophysiological and fundus autofluorescence imaging abnormalities in maternal inherited diabetes and deafness

PURPOSE: To investigate retinal function in patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) and to correlate the findings with fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging. METHODS: FAF was imaged in five patients (age range, 49-60 years) confirmed to have the mitochondrial DNA nucleotide A3243G point mutation. Retinal function was measured by full-field (Ganzfeld) electroretinography (ERG) and pattern ERG, incorporating the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards. Multifocal ERG (mfERG) was also performed. For analysis of the mfERG data, five regional ring groups of equal eccentricity were formed. For each ring, the peak amplitude (defined as the difference between P1 and N1) and the implicit time of P1 were determined and compared with normative values. RESULTS: Visual acuity in the patients was between 20/20 and 20/40 (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study [ETDRS] chart). Irregular increased FAF signals were observed adjacent to and between areas of atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Ganzfeld ERGs were within normal limits in three patients. Pattern ERG was abnormal in five eyes of three patients. mfERG peak amplitude abnormalities were particularly present in rings 2 and 3 and were consistent with the distribution of FAF abnormalities. In all but one eye, no implicit times changes were present. CONCLUSIONS: Significant mfERG abnormalities with normal Ganzfeld ERG are consistent with nonuniform damage to the central retina in MIDD, in keeping with the FAF findings. Reduced peak amplitudes with normal implicit times in the mfERG suggest localized loss of function and may indicate damage to the cone photoreceptor outer segments or cone photoreceptor loss in MIDD.     

小型猪多焦视网膜电图的记录方法及特点

目的 研究小型猪多焦视网膜电图（multifocal electroretinogram,mfERG）的记录方法及特点.方法 应用罗兰电生理系统中的RETI scan软件对5只小型猪正常眼行mfERG检查,记录波形成分并进行统计学处理.结果 对P1波各项指标进行统计学分析见第1～6环反应密度逐渐下降,波幅值逐渐升高;N1波幅值和潜伏期差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;P1波上半野反应密度和波幅值较下半野高,峰潜时值较短;N1波上半野波幅值较下半野高,峰潜时值较长.结论 应用mfERG对实验动物进行检查,可以客观评估动物视网膜后极部功能变化.     

无视网膜病变的糖尿病患者多焦视网膜电图的变化

目的通过采用多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）对正常对照组、尚未出现视网膜病变的糖尿病患者进行检测，了解mfERG发现糖尿病早期视功能变化的能力。方法采用mfERG进行视功能检测，所有受检者分为33例（33只眼）正常对照组以及63例（63只眼）糖尿病组，其中糖尿病组患者均无视网膜病变。对2组mfERG中N1波与P1波的反应密度与潜伏期进行比较。结果mfERG在糖尿病视网膜病变发生前已有异常，主要表现为环1、环2的P1波反应密度以及环1-环3与环5的N1波反应密度降低。结论mfERG能够在糖尿病视网膜病变出现之前，客观定量地发现早期视功能的变化程度与范围。     

Correlation between optical coherence tomography, multifocal electroretinogram findings and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema

AIM: To compare the effects of yellow (577 nm) subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) and intravitreal (IV) anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) with relatively better visual acuity [best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≤0.15 logMAR]. METHODS: The medical records of 76 eyes of 47 patients underwent IV (0.5 mg) anti-VEGF injection or SML for the DME with relatively better BCVA were reviewed. The IV group received three consecutive monthly IV anti-VEGF injections, then were retreated as needed. The laser treatment group was treated at baseline and 3mo, and then retreated at 6 and 9mo if needed. All participants were followed up for one year. The mean BCVA and mean central macular thickness (CMT) values changes over the follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-four and 23 patients were assigned to the SML and IV subgroups, respectively. The mean number of treatments was 3.64±0.76 in SML group and 5.85±1.38 in IV group (P<0.05). The subgroups were similar with regard to the mean BCVA score at baseline and at the 1st and 3rd months, but the score of SML group was better than that of IV group at the 6th, 9th and 12th months (P<0.05). The decrease in the mean CMT values from baseline values was higher in SML group at the 6th, 9th, and 12th months (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Yellow SML treatment is superior to IV anti-VEGF injection in DME patients with relatively better BCVA for increasing visual acuity and decreasing CMT at 6, 9, and 12mo. SML can be a good alternative first-line therapy for DME with BCVA ≤0.15 logMAR.     

Retinal disorders in northern Brazilian patients treated with chloroquine assessed by multifocal ERG

The effects of chloroquine intake on the retinal function in a Brazilian population of patients were assessed by multifocal electroretinography. Twenty-four randomly chosen eyes of patients treated with chloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus were examined using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Control measurements were acquired from 21 randomly chosen eyes of age-matched healthy subjects. None of the study participants had an inherited retinal disease or a Snellen visual acuity reduced to less than 20/40. In patients and control subjects, cumulative chloroquine dose, total daily dose, duration of treatment, retinal examination, visual field defects, visual acuity, and the mfERG were assessed. The average amplitudes and implicit times of the N1, P1, and P2 components of the mfERGs were measured in the central hexagon (R1) and in five rings (R2–R6). The values measured in patients and normal subjects were compared. The P1 amplitudes in R2 were significantly decreased in the patients. In addition, the amplitudes of N1 and N2 in R1 were significantly smaller in the patients. The implicit times of none of the components were significantly different between patients and controls. The response amplitude was not significantly correlated with cumulative dose and duration of intake. There was no correlation with retinal appearance, visual field, and visual acuity. In agreement with earlier data, the central mfERG amplitudes were decreased in chloroquine patients indicating functional alterations in the retina. These changes are also present in a Brazilian population suggesting that the effects of chloroquine are general and that genetic background and life circumstances probably have, if at all, only little effect.     

Multifocal electroretinography in subjects with age-related macular degeneration

Purpose

To evaluate retinal function objectively in subjects with different stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and compare it with age-matched control group.

Methods

A total of 42 subjects with AMD and 37 age-matched healthy control group aged over 55 years were included in this prospective study. mfERG test was performed to all subjects. Average values in concentric ring analysis in four rings (ring 1, from 0° to 5° of eccentricity relative to fixation; ring 2, from 5° to 10°; ring 3, from 10° to 15°; ring 4, over 15°) and in quadrant analysis (superior nasal quadrant, superior temporal quadrant, inferior nasal quadrant and inferior temporal quadrant) were recorded. Test results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA test and independent samples t test.

Results

In mfERG concentric ring analysis, N1 amplitude, P1 amplitude and N2 amplitude were found to be lower and N1 implicit time, P1 implicit time and N2 implicit time were found to be delayed in subjects with AMD compared to control group. In quadrant analysis, N1, P1 and N2 amplitude was lower in all quadrants, whereas N1 implicit time was normal and P1 and N2 implicit times were prolonged in subjects with AMD.

Conclusion

mfERG is a useful test in evaluating retinal function in subjects with AMD. AMD affects both photoreceptors and inner retinal function at late stages.