Burnout among nurses working in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia,a multicenter study

Background: Burnout is a common psychosocial phenomenon among nursing. It has been attributed to prolonged exposure to stress in the work place. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of burnout among nurses in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 nurses by using a self-administered questionnaire. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to measure burnout. Results: Most participants were females (73.0%) and aged ≤35 years (52.0%). About 39% had high emotional exhaustion, 38% had high depersonalization and 85.5% had low personal accomplishment. About 89% (178) scored high at least on one subscale of burnout. Burnout was associated with age, educational level and sources of stress in the workplace. Conclusion: Level of burnout among nurses was high and was associated mainly with stressors in the workplace. Improving work environment and management of stress in the workplace should be a priority to minimize burnout among nurses.     

社区卫生服务员工中职业紧张与倦怠的调查分析

目的弄清社区卫生服务员工职业紧张与职业倦怠的现状,探讨两者之间的关联。方法采用依据工作要求-自主模式与付出-回报失衡模式理论开发的简明职业紧张问卷和Maslach的职业倦怠问卷的修订版,对上海市的1397名社区卫生服务员工进行调查。运用多元Logistic回归分析不同职业紧张因子与职业倦怠的关联。结果有77.1%人被评定为职业紧张,有19.3%人呈现付出回报失衡,职业倦怠阳性率高达77.3%。职业倦怠均分为2.17±0.91,其3个维度情感耗竭均分为2.23±1.46,人格解体为1.04±1.15,个体成就感得分为3.78±1.36。高要求低自主是个体成就感降低的保护因子,以低D/C组为对照,中等与高组的OR值分别为0.54(95%CI=0.37~0.78)和0.42(95%CI=0.25~0.72)。社会支持是职业倦怠的保护因子,以低社会支持组为对照组,中、高社会支持组OR值分别为0.69(95%CI=0.47~1.00)和0.52(95%CI=0.35~0.77);付出回报失衡是职业倦怠的危险因子,以低付出回报失衡为对照,中等组的OR值为2.48(95%CI=1.33~4.62);高失衡组OR值为4.91(95%CI=1.78~13.6)。内在投入是情感耗竭和人格解体的危险因子。结论预防职业倦怠需要降低职业紧张程度,缓解付出回报失衡,同时增加社会支持。     

职业倦怠在工作压力与健康功能间的中介效应

目的研究城市男性职业人群工作压力对其身心健康功能的影响,并探讨职业倦怠在其间的中介效应。方法从某城市中心城区随机抽取30～65岁的1133名男性职工进行横断面调查,用哥本哈根社会心理问卷（COPSOQ）、哥本哈根倦怠问卷（CBI）、以及SF－8分别测试工作压力、职业倦怠、和健康功能,运用中介分析研究工作压力和职业倦怠对职工身心健康的影响。结果工作压力的增加与男性职业人群生理健康和心理健康的下降有显著性关联（P〈0．01）,并可见明显的剂量一反应关系;职业倦怠作为中介变量,对生理健康和心理健康的下降分别起到了15．08％和23．84％的间接效应。结论工作压力对男性职业人群的身心健康均造成了不利影响,职业倦怠部分中介了上述作用。     

Burnout and Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ObjectivesThe strain on health care systems due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased psychological distress among health care workers (HCWs). As this global crisis continues with little signs of abatement, we examine burnout and associated factors among HCWs.DesignCross-sectional survey study.Setting and ParticipantsDoctors, nurses, allied health professionals, administrative, and support staff in 4 public hospitals and 1 primary care service in Singapore 3 months after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic.MethodsStudy questionnaire captured demographic and workplace environment information and comprised 3 validated instruments, namely the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate mixed model regression analyses were used to evaluate independent associations of mean OLBI-Disengagement and -Exhaustion scores. Further subgroup analysis was performed among redeployed HCWs.ResultsAmong 11,286 invited HCWs, 3075 valid responses were received, giving an overall response rate of 27.2%. Mean OLBI scores were 2.38 and 2.50 for Disengagement and Exhaustion, respectively. Burnout thresholds in Disengagement and Exhaustion were met by 79.7% and 75.3% of respondents, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, Chinese or Malay ethnicity, HADS anxiety or depression scores ≥8, shifts lasting ≥8 hours, and being redeployed were significantly associated with higher OLBI mean scores, whereas high SAQ scores were significantly associated with lower scores. Among redeployed HCWs, those redeployed to high-risk areas in a different facility (offsite) had lower burnout scores than those redeployed within their own work facility (onsite). A higher proportion of HCWs redeployed offsite assessed their training to be good or better compared with those redeployed onsite.Conclusions and ImplicationsEvery level of the health care workforce is susceptible to high levels of burnout during this pandemic. Modifiable workplace factors include adequate training, avoiding prolonged shifts ≥8 hours, and promoting safe working environments. Mitigating strategies should target every level of the health care workforce, including frontline and nonfrontline staff. Addressing and ameliorating burnout among HCWs should be a key priority for the sustainment of efforts to care for patients in the face of a prolonged pandemic.     

Burnout and job stress among mongolian doctors and nurses

Due to the inherent demands of their profession, doctors and nurses are at great risk of suffering from burnout caused by job stress. This study examined the prevalence of burnout among doctors and nurses in Mongolia and identified the factors influencing their burnout. A self-administered questionnaire of 180 doctors (45.9%) and 212 nurses (54.1%) resulted in a response rate of 87%. Burnout was measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in three scales: personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout. Job stress was measured by the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. Compared with the prior studies of hospital staffs in other countries, doctors and nurses in Mongolia had relatively higher burnout rates, with personal, work-related and client-related average scores of 45.39, 44.45, and 32.46, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that ERI significantly influenced all dimensions of burnout but over-commitment significantly influenced only personal and work-related burnout. Both ERI and over-commitment were different among professions.     

妇幼保健机构医护人员工作倦怠调查分析

目的了解妇幼保健医护人员的工作倦怠状况,为妇幼保健管理提供参考依据。方法应用马斯勒倦怠量表（MBI-HSS）对342名妇幼保健医护人员进行了调查。结果 （1）分别有99.4和31.6的医护人员有中、重度的情绪衰竭和情感疏远,但89.8的医护人员成就感较高;（2）工作倦怠不受性别、婚姻的影响;（3）30岁以下医护人员的情感疏远程度最高;（4）高学历医护人员的情绪衰竭较高,其个人成就感也较高;（5）值夜班医护人员在情绪衰竭、情感疏远及个人低成就感上均显著高于不值夜班者。结论妇幼保健医护人员存在一定的工作倦怠现象,应从组织、个人和工作特征等层面预防和缓解倦怠。     

临床实习生工作倦怠与心理健康研究

目的探讨临床实习生的工作倦怠与心理健康状况。方法采用工作倦怠量表（MBI—HSS）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对660名临床实习生进行检测,同时分别选取135名医生及630名非医学实习生作为工作倦怠程度的对照组。结果①临床实习生工作倦怠程度均明显比非医学实习生严重（P〈0．01）,而与医生比较则只有自我成就感倦怠程度高（P〈0．01）,在情绪衰竭和去个性化方面的倦怠程度明显较低（P〈0．05）;临床实习生心理健康与大学生样本相比,除了恐怖因子均分明显较高,焦虑因子无显著差异外,其他各因子均分都明显较低（P〈0．01）;而与全国常模相比,除了躯体化和敌意2个因子外,其他各因子的均分都明显较高（P〈0．05）。②临床实习生工作倦怠的情绪衰竭、去个性化与心理健康各因子及总均分呈显著正相关,与自我成就感呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）。结论应重视消除临床实习生的工作倦怠情绪,提高其工作积极性,同时应加强心理健康教育工作。     

Can a single question effectively screen for burnout in Australian cancer care workers?

Background  

Burnout has important clinical and professional implications among health care workers, with high levels of burnout documented in oncology staff. The aim of this study was to ascertain how well a brief single-item measure could be used to screen for burnout in the Australian oncology workforce.     

河南省某三级甲等精神病医院护士工作倦怠状况调查

目的研究三级甲等精神病医院护士工作倦怠状况,为制定医务人员健康保护措施,提高其生命质量提供科学依据。方法应用Maslach工作倦怠量表通用版（MBI—GS）测试191名河南省某三级甲等精神病医院护士（护士组）和72名非卫生部门脑力劳动者（对照组）工作倦怠情况;应用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版（EPQ—RSC）评定护士组人格特征,分析不同人格类型对工作倦怠的影响。结果精神科护士情绪耗竭和消极怠慢显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）;30～40岁年龄段护士情绪耗竭高于其他年龄组（P〈0．01）;工作倦怠源男护士主要为情绪耗竭,女护士主要为消极怠慢;情绪耗竭和消极怠慢均随着学历的增高而增高（P〈0．01）;大学专科学历护士的专业低效能感最低（P〈0．01）;中级职称护士的情绪耗竭和消极怠慢高于其他职称（P〈0．01）。精神科护士的情绪稳定性与工作倦怠各维度呈显著负相关（P〈0．01）;内外倾向性、精神质与工作倦怠各维度呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）;内向、情绪不稳定医务人员工作倦怠感明显高于外向、情绪稳定者（P〈0．01）。结论三级甲等精神病专科医院护士存在明显工作倦怠,男女倦怠源不同;工作倦怠具有明显人口学特征,人格特征与工作倦怠感密切相关。     

Burnout and occupational stress in nurses

BACKGROUND: In the last few years there has been a growing interest in the psychosocial work environment of health care workers, since they are both at high risk of burnout, role conflict and job dissatifaction. Burnout, as a type of prolonged response to chronic job-related stress, has a special significance in health care settings, where staff experience both psychological--emotional and physical stress. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the interrelationship between burnout, occupational stress and personality characteristics in a sample of 120 nurses employed in the Infectious Diseases Department and the Department of Medical Oncology of two major hospitals in Messina, Italy. METHODS: Three questionnaire surveys were administered: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to estimate the job stress level, Occupational Stress Inventory to measure occupational stress and the Comrey Personality Scale to identify major personality characteristics. RESULTS: The results showed a significant statistical diference regarding the burnout levels in the two groups under study, with a higher burnout level in the Medical Oncology staff with respect to the Infectious Diseases Staff. The latter group also showed a higher occupational stress compared to the second group, with a significant statistical difference regarding "stress sources", coping strategies" and psychological health". Concerning the CPS results, some personality characteristics, as predictors for burnout syndrome, were found in the Medical Oncology staff. CONCLUSIONS: The study results underline the importance of the role ofpsychosocial work environment and the interrelationships between burnout, occupational stress and psychosomatic health in health care workers. In addition, in order to reduce a burnout risk, the Authors suggest improving the psychosocial work environment as a preventive measure.     

Understanding Burnout in Child and Youth Care Workers

Burnout is a major concern in human service occupations as it has been linked to turnover, absenteeism, a reduction in the quality of services, numerous physical and psychological disorders, and a disruption in interpersonal relations (Maslach et al. 2001). Child and youth care workers are especially susceptible to burnout as the inherent challenges of working within the life-space of high-risk children and youth causes difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified employees. In the present study, burnout was measured in a group of 94 child and youth care workers from 8 agencies in a Western Canadian city using the three dimensional model of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The MBI conceptualizes burnout as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a lack of a sense of personal accomplishment. Among these child and youth care workers each of the three dimensions of burnout was predicted by a combination of work environment, personality, and social support.     

高校医护人员职业倦怠调查情况分析

目的 调查重庆市高校医护人员职业倦怠现状，为高校管理者采取有效措施预防和降低医护人员职业倦怠以及提高医疗质量提供参考。方法 采用问卷调查的方式对重庆市672名高校医护人员进行调查，数据用spss12．0统计软件进行统计。结果医护人员在职业倦怠3个维度情感耗竭、情感疏远、个人成就感降低得分分别为（15．43±7．13）分，（15．80±8．21）分，（35．59±9．39）分，职业、性别、职称、工作年限在职业倦怠3个维度的差异均无统计学意义（p〉0．05）。结论 重庆市高校医护人员职业倦怠程度轻，职业、性别、职称、工作年限对职业倦怠无影响。     

自我效能感在社区医护人员职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间的中介作用

目的 探讨社区医护人员职业倦怠、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系以及自我效能感的中介作用。方法 2021年10月—2022年1月,采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选取山东省潍坊市384名社区医护人员为研究对象,使用职业倦怠量表（MBI）、自我效能感量表、主观幸福感量表进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 21.0进行独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析及相关性分析。结果 社区医护人员职业倦怠、自我效能感和主观幸福感总分分别为:（45.86±18.12）、（27.07±6.43）、（13.44±3.04）;职业倦怠与自我效能、主观幸福感呈负相关（r = - 0.29,P＜0.05）（r = - 0.30,P＜0.05）。自我效能感与主观幸福感呈正相关（r = 0.93,P＜0.05）;中介作用结果显示,社区医护人员自我效能感在职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用,中介总效应值为 - 0.313。结论 在自我效能感作用下,社区医护人员职业倦怠对主观幸福感的直接作用不显著,但职业倦怠可以通过自我效能感的中介作用,间接影响社区医护人员的主观幸福感。自我效能感在社区医护人员职业倦怠和主观幸福感之间起完全中介作用。     

护士职业倦怠与领悟社会支持的关系

目的考察护士职业倦怠现状及与领悟社会支持的关系。方法采用职业倦怠问卷-服务行业版(MB I-HSS)、领悟社会支持评定量表(PSSS)和自编人口学问卷对120名护士进行问卷调查。结果护士职业倦怠的总检出率为55.8%;护龄、职称、工作科室对护士职业倦怠有一定影响,职业倦怠总分与领悟社会支持各维度均呈显著负相关(r=-0.111--0.485,P<0.01)。结论必须重视护士职业倦怠问题,并应充分考虑领悟社会支持对职业倦怠的影响。     

Síndrome de desgaste profesional en trabajadores de atención a la salud en el área sanitaria de Ceuta

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine the levels of burnout among employees of health care workers in the Health Area of Ceuta (Spain).DesignPrevalence study.SettingCeuta Health Area (Primary and Specialty Care).ParticipantsA sample of 200 workers stratified by sex, job and workplace.MeasurementsThe tool used was the MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory). We also studied personal (age, sex, marital status) and work variables (centre, job, age) and blood parameters (C-reactive protein and others).ResultsThe burnout syndrome was present in 17.2% of workers (95% CI: 10.4-26.0). There was a significant relationship with job, with differences in emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and professional achievement. C-reactive protein was significantly higher in workers with burnout.ConclusionsBurnout prevalence in the health care workers in our sample is similar to other studies. The differences between health and non-health workers could be due to greater motivation for professional achievement, but they scored higher in exhaustion and depersonalisation. The increase in C-reactive protein, a non-specific inflammation marker, seems to confirm the findings of other studies.     

肿瘤专科医院医务人员职业倦怠状况及其影响因素分析

目的：了解肿瘤专科医院医务人员的职业倦怠状况及其影响因素,为进一步认识医务人员职业倦怠产生的规律和特点,以便针对影响因素开展有效干预研究奠定基础。方法选取新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院1034名医务人员为研究对象,采用马斯勒职业倦怠量表-服务行业版(MBI-HSS)和自制个人情况调查问卷对研究对象进行问卷调查。结果分别有83.49%和71.60%的医务人员有一定程度的情绪衰竭和情感淡漠,95.07%的医务人员的个人成就感低;不同性别、年龄、婚姻状况、从事专业类别、学历、职称、日工作时间等人口学特征的医务人员在职业倦怠不同维度上差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论肿瘤专科医院医务人员职业倦怠状况不容乐观,应采取有效应对措施,缓解其职业倦怠状况。     

Burnout as a clinical entity--its importance in health care workers

Burnout, viewed as the exhaustion of physical or emotional strengthas a result of prolonged stress or frustration, was added tothe mental health lexicon in the 1970s, and has been detectedin a wide variety of health care providers. A study of 600 Americanworkers indicated that burnout resulted in lowered production,and increases in absenteeism, health care costs, and personnelturnover. Many employees are vulnerable, particularly as theAmerican job scene changes through industrial downsizing, corporatebuyouts and mergers, and lengthened work time, Burnout producesboth physical and behavioural changes, in some instances leadingto chemical abuse. The health professionals at risk includephysicians, nurses, social workers, dentists, care providersin oncology and AIDS-patient care personnel, emergency servicestaff members, mental health workers, and speech and languagepathologists, among others. Early identification of this emotionalslippage is needed to prevent the depersonalization of the provider-patientrelationship. Prevention and treatment are essentially parallelefforts, including greater job control by the individual worker,group meetings, better up-and-down communication, more recognitionof individual worth, job redesign, flexible work hours, fullorientation to job requirements, available employee assistanceprogrammes, and adjuvant activity. Burnout is a health careprofessional's occupational disease which must be recognizedearly and treated.     

劳动密集型企业女工职业倦怠现状及影响因素分析

目的了解劳动密集型企业女工职业倦怠现状及其影响因素。方法于2019年8月采用整群随机抽样方法,选取广东省5家劳动密集型企业的750名女工作为研究对象,回收有效问卷665份,有效回收率为88.67%。采用《职业倦怠通用量表》调查其职业倦怠水平,用《工作付出-回报失衡紧张量表》评估其职业紧张水平。组间比较用Mann-WhitneyU检验,两两比较采用排序后的秩次进行SNK检验;多组间比较用Kruskal-Wallis H检验,组间职业倦怠与职业紧张各维度的相关性分析用Pearson相关分析。职业倦怠影响因素分析采用二分类Logistic回归分析。结果 665名女工中,有429人(64.51%)存在职业倦怠,其中轻中度职业倦怠380人(57.14%),重度职业倦怠49人(7.37%)。不同年龄、婚姻状况、目前岗位工龄、每周工作时间、个人月收入、工作制度和职业紧张的女工间职业倦怠综合得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同年龄、婚姻状况、目前岗位工龄、每周工作时间、个人月收入和职业紧张的女工情绪耗竭维度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄、每周工作时间、个人月收入、工作制度和职业紧张的女工人格解体维度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同文化程度、每周工作时间、工作制度和职业紧张的女工个体成就感低落维度差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论劳动密集型企业女工整体处于轻中度职业倦怠水平,每周工作时间和职业紧张是职业倦怠的主要影响因素。     

Burnout syndrome: prevalence and associated factors among workers in a district hospital

AIM: Burnout syndrome refers to a kind of occupational stress that can have psychosomatic, behavioral, emotional, familial, and social repercussions; it can also cause absenteeism and loss of efficacy at work. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout among staff in a district hospital, as well as the personal and working characteristics associated with the syndrome. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed in which a representative random sample of 300 workers, stratified according to professional group, was given the Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure the degree of burnout. This questionnaire has three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal achievement (PA). RESULTS: A high degree of burnout was found for EE in 13.9% of the staff interviewed, in 11.1% for DP and in 6.6% for PA. None of the interviewees had high scores for all three scales while 27% had a high level of burnout in at least one of the scales. In the multivariate analysis, professional category and sex were statistically significantly associated with a high level of burnout. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of burnout in Mataró Hospital (Spain) is relatively low and depends mainly on sex and professional group.     

某劳动密集型电子企业员工职业倦怠及其影响因素分析

目的 分析某劳动密集型电子企业员工的职业倦怠状况及其影响因素,为制定预防员工职业倦怠策略提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法抽取298名员工,采用一般情况调查表和职业倦怠问卷进行职业倦怠调查,对相关资料进行logistic回归分析。 结果 64.1%的员工有职业倦怠。单因素方差分析结果显示,不同年龄、婚姻状况、工龄、周工作时间、月收入员工的职业倦怠综合得分不同(P<0.01或0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,流水线作业人员出现职业倦怠状况的危险性是非流水线作业人员的1.90倍,周工作时间≥ 56 h者出现职业倦怠的危险性是周工作时间<40 h者的3.32倍,而工龄≥ 10年的员工出现职业倦怠的危险性仅是工龄<5年者的0.37倍(P均<0.05或0.01)。 结论 该企业员工职业倦怠水平较高,应重点关注工龄短、流水线作业、周工作时间长的员工,采取有效的措施,促进这些人员的身心健康,减少职业倦怠的发生。