学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖影响因素的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的影响因素,为制定儿童肥胖预防措施提供依据。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法,对3所幼儿园学龄前儿童家长进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析。结果:经多因素条件Logistic回归分析,吃油炸食物(OR=1.804)、吃零食(OR=0.095)、偏食(OR=1.797)、食量大(OR=9.130)、父母对孩子肥胖的认知(OR=11.050)等5个因素为学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的主要影响因素。结论:学龄前儿童不良饮食行为和生活习惯与单纯性肥胖密切相关。     

学龄期儿童6 098名单纯性肥胖及其影响因素分析

[目的]了解咸宁市咸安区7～12岁儿童单纯性肥胖症的发病率及主要影响因素,为预防儿童肥胖提供理论依据.[方法]采用随机整群抽样法,随机抽取咸安城区8所小学7～12岁儿童6 098名进行调查分析.[结果]儿童单纯性肥胖症检出率为7.46%,男童检出率(9.28%)高于女童(5.61%),两者间差异有非常显著性(X2=29.76,P＜0.01).不同年龄组儿童肥胖检出率差异无显著性(X2=1.23,P＞0.05).Logistic回归分析显示看书写作业时间长(0R＝9.653)、不喜欢体育活动(OR＝7.635)、喜欢吃油腻食物(OR＝4.423)、进食速度快(OR=4.462)及父母至少一方肥胖(OR=3.085)为儿童肥胖的主要危险因素,而父母大专以上文化程度(OR＝0.561)是儿童肥胖的保护因素.[结论]儿童单纯性肥胖率较高,家庭、学校、社会应采取合适的综合干预措施控制儿童肥胖的发生.     

襄樊市低年级小学生单纯性肥胖的遗传和环境相关因素分析

目的:了解襄樊市低年级小学生单纯性肥胖的流行情况,探讨影响儿童肥胖的遗传和环境相关因素,为制定地方性儿童肥胖干预策略提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,收集襄樊城区及所辖市县1、2、3年级小学生身高、体重资料;自编问卷调查肥胖相关影响因素,并进行非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:2532名7～9岁儿童肥胖检出率为8.65%,其中男童为11.10%,女童为5.96%。男童以9岁组肥胖率最高,总体上随年龄增长而增加;女童肥胖率以7岁组最高,总体上随年龄增长而降低。共有17项因素进入Logistic多因素回归方程,包括4项遗传因素和13项环境因素,其中关联强度较大的因素为监护人持有胖就是健康的观念、食欲好、父母双方均肥胖(OR值分别为13.622、9.314、3.412);高出生体重、父母肥胖、不偏食、进食速度快、运动时间短、暴饮暴食、喜食油炸食品和肉类食物、不吃早餐、服从家长对食物的提示、母亲文化程度、广告传媒影响等也与儿童肥胖相关(OR值均1)。结论:儿童肥胖与遗传因素和环境因素关系密切,应在小学低年级阶段采取健康教育、饮食调整、运动锻炼等综合措施进行群体干预,预防单纯性肥胖。     

大连市7岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖检出率及影响因素分析

目的了解大连市7岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖发生情况及其影响因素,为制定预防和干预措施提供依据。方法随机整群抽取大连市内5所社区本市户籍的2 413名儿童为调查对象,对经体格测量筛查出的所有单纯性肥胖症儿童和按照1∶1配对正常儿童进行影响因素的调查及多因素回归分析。结果共检出单纯性肥胖儿童100名,检出率为4.14%,其中男、女肥胖的检出率分别是4.60%、3.59%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),不同年龄组肥胖症检出率差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,出生体重≥4 000g(OR=1.142)、肥胖家族史(OR=4.610)、主食摄入量大(OR=1.279)、进食速度快(OR=2.028)、夜眠时间不足10h(OR=5.709)5个因素是儿童肥胖发生的危险因素。结论对影响儿童肥胖的主要危险因素及早干预,有效降低儿童肥胖症的发生。     

北京市怀柔区学龄前儿童肥胖影响因素分析

目的 分析北京市怀柔区3~6岁学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖的影响因素,为早期干预提供依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样、病例对照研究的方法,对396例学龄前儿童进行家长自填问卷调查,Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 父母平均体重肥胖组高于正常组(P＜0.001)。父亲高体重(OR=1.082)、生后6个月采用人工喂养(OR=5.986)、每餐以肉为主(OR=7.979)、强迫儿童进食某种食物(如高能量食物)(OR=4.801)、家长对儿童体重过高预期(OR=6.191)为学龄前儿童肥胖的危险因素;家长控制儿童体重的行为(OR=0.059)为学龄前儿童肥胖的保护因素。结论 学龄前儿童肥胖的发生是多因素相互作用的结果,其中从控制父母体重、鼓励母乳喂养、平衡膳食等方面早期干预,将有益于早期预防儿童肥胖。     

某区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖患病情况调查

目的：了解咸宁市咸安区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖症的患病率及主要影响因素，为预防儿童肥胖提供依据。方法：采用随机整群抽样法，随机抽取咸安区城区6所幼儿园2～6岁儿童2375名进行肥胖患病情况调查，并对肥胖危险因素进行了分析。结果：该区学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖症患病率为3．58％，其中男童患病率为4．58％，女童患病率为2．56％。男女患病率间差异有统计学意义（x^2=7．01，P〈0．01）。不同年龄组儿童肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义（x^2=14．99，P〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析显示每天看电视时间长（OR=3．5449）、不喜欢体育活动（OR=3．8598）、喜欢吃油腻食物（OR=4．4961）、进食速度快（OR=4．3279）、早餐不正常（OR=1．8815）及父母至少一方肥胖（OR=3．5438）为儿童肥胖的主要危险因素，而父母大专以上文化程度（OR=0．5836）是儿童肥胖的保护因素。结论：学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖患病率较高；儿童肥胖的发生是多因素共同作用的结果。     

河北省邢台地区学龄前幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率与影响因素分析

目的了解河北省邢台地区学龄前幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率与相关影响因素,为预防与控制提供依据。方法设计统一的流行病学调查表,在邢台地区整群抽取28所幼儿园,由幼儿园老师对幼儿的父母进行问卷调查以及进行幼儿身高和体重的测定。对相关的影响因素进行logistic回归分析,率的比较应用χ2检验。结果邢台地区学龄前幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率7.89%(416/5 273)。男性幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率8.13%(221/2 720),女性幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率7.64%(195/2 553),男性幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率与女性幼儿单纯性肥胖患病率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.43,P0.05)。学龄前幼儿单纯性肥胖的影响因素进行Logistic回归分析表明,高出生体重(OR=1.09)、爱吃饱食(OR=2.03)、爱吃甜食(OR=2.29),爱吃肉食(OR=1.06),爱吃油炸食(OR=1.47)、爱看电视(OR=1.45)、运动量小(OR=1.99)以及遗传(OR=2.18)均是幼儿单纯性肥胖患病的危险因素。结论邢台地区学龄前幼儿单纯性肥胖的患病率较高,其患病的原因与先天因素(出生体重)和后天因素(行为习惯)以及遗传因素密切相关。     

6～9岁儿童单纯性肥胖的影响因素分析

目的探讨儿童单纯性肥胖发生的影响因素,为预防和减少儿童单纯性肥胖的发生提供科学依据。方法横断面调查15所小学所有6~9岁儿童,采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,对筛查出的肥胖儿童和与之匹配的正常儿童进行现场问卷调查,内容包括:父母的一般情况、出生时情况、母亲孕产期情况、早期喂养情况、目前的饮食和运动习惯等六个方面。采用单因素及logistic回归方法分析儿童单纯性肥胖的影响因素。结果共调查15所小学6 288名6~9岁儿童,检出单纯性肥胖226例,肥胖的检出率为3.59%。对209对病例对照的对象进行配对检验,logistic回归分析结果表明,肥胖的发生与父亲体质指数(OR=1.735,P<0.01)、母亲体质指数(OR=1.614,P<0.01)、母亲孕期体重增长(OR=2.307,P<0.01)有关。结论儿童单纯性肥胖的发生与家庭遗传、孕期生活环境等多种因素相关。     

儿童期单纯性肥胖症与膳食结构和生活习惯的关系

目的研究儿童期单纯性肥胖症与膳食结构、生活习惯和遗传因素的关系。方法从上海市宝山区3所小学的学生中筛选出112名肥胖儿童,同时随机抽取112名正常儿童,通过问卷方式进行对比研究。结果肥胖组与正常对照组摄入的膳食结构比较,2组间差别有统计学意义(P0.01);从生活习惯和受遗传因素影响来比较,2组间差别有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论肥胖与食物摄入量、高油脂、高糖、静止的生活方式和父母肥胖的遗传等因素相关。     

喂养与生活方式对儿童单纯性肥胖影响的研究

目的:探讨喂养与生活方式对儿童单纯性肥胖的影响,为预防和控制儿童单纯性肥胖的发生提供理论依据。方法:在现况研究的基础上,采用病例对照研究方法,对筛查出的肥胖儿童和正常儿童进行现场问卷调查,分析对儿童单纯性肥胖的影响因素。结果:15所学校共计调查学龄儿童(6～9岁)6288名,儿童单纯性肥胖的检出率为3.59%。Logistic回归分析结果表明,肥胖的发生与0.5～1岁以前添加辅食(OR=2.84)、6个月以后添加肉食(OR=0.82)、油腻食品食用频率高(OR=1.83)、每餐用餐时间长(OR=0.63)和户外活动时间(OR=0.77)等生活方式有关。结论:儿童单纯性肥胖的发生与早期喂养方式及饮食和运动习惯等多种生活方式相关。     

Australian parents' views on their 5-6-year-old children's food choices

The home food environment is central to the development of healthy eating behaviours, but associations between the home food environment and children's food choices are not yet fully understood. The aims of this study were to explore parents' views regarding factors that influence children's food choices and parents' decision-making regarding the food they provide to their children. In-depth one-on-one interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview schedule. Key concepts and themes were coded independently by two investigators. Participants include seventeen parents (16 mothers and 1 father) of children in their first year of formal schooling (aged 5-6 years). Five main themes emerged from the interviews: food marketing, food availability/food exposure, feeding strategies, modelling of eating and opportunities for food involvement. Parents believed that food marketing influenced their child's food preferences but differed in the ways they managed these influences. The food made available to children was also seen to influence what a child ate. Yet, although some parents believed it was the parents' role to determine what foods were made available to their child, others offered food on the basis of the child's tastes or preferences. The use of food as a reward was a feeding strategy employed by many parents. Family mealtimes were seen as an important opportunity for modelling of eating behaviour by parents. Peers were also seen to influence children's food preferences and eating behaviour. Finally, many parents believed that involving children in the preparation of food had a positive impact on children's food choices. Associations between the home food environment and children's food choices are complex and involve multiple mediators. Parents' views on the promoters and reinforcers of their decision-making regarding food and their child's food choices provide useful insights into these mediating factors. Increased understanding of these relationships is likely to enhance obesity prevention efforts.     

广州花都3 373名学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解广州花都学龄前儿童肥胖的检出率及主要影响因素,为预防儿童肥胖提供科学依据。方法 2016年9-10月应用随机整群抽样法,随机抽取广州花都10所幼儿园作为调查对象。收集3 373名2～6岁学龄前儿童身高、体重、生活习惯和父母情况等基本信息,计算肥胖检出率,并对肥胖危险因素进行分析。结果 学龄前儿童肥胖及超重的检出率分别为3.0%和8.7%;儿童肥胖的危险因素有:高出生体重、非母乳喂养、进食速度快、吃饭时看电视或边吃边玩、加餐次数多、祖辈鼓励儿童多吃、祖辈经常用食物奖励儿童、外面吃饭次数多、父母年龄、父母体质量指数高、出生时有异常情况、母亲孕晚期食欲好、家长不重视儿童的体检记录。儿童肥胖的保护因素为睡眠时间长。结论 儿童肥胖更多的与生活方式相关。创造良好的家庭环境,培养儿童良好的饮食习惯和生活习惯,是防止肥胖发生的关键。     

南通市儿童单纯性肥胖及其影响因素分析

目的了解南通市2~12岁儿童单纯性肥胖的流行现况及其影响因素,为制定儿童肥胖防制策略提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,对南通市2641名2~12岁儿童进行体格检查,筛选单纯性肥胖儿童后采用病例对照研究方法对儿童进行问卷调查,分析其相关影响因素。结果2641名2~12岁儿童中筛查出单纯性肥胖者173例,总检出率为6.55%,其中男性100例(7.24%),女性73例(5.80%)。2~6岁儿童单纯性肥胖49例(5.56%),轻、中、重度肥胖检出率分别为3.51%,1.25%,0.79%;7~12岁儿童单纯性肥胖124例(7.05%)。非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,肥胖家族史(P=0.012)、出生时的生产方式(P=0.003)、进食速度(P=0.001)、既往食欲(P=0.002)、暴食暴饮(P=0.004)以及对体型的看法(P=0.012)等6个因素与肥胖发生相关。结论开展广泛的健康教育,积极纠正儿童不良饮食习惯与审美观念,控制其高能量、高脂肪食品的过量摄入有助于减少儿童肥胖的发生。     

信阳市小学生单纯性肥胖及其影响因素分析

目的:了解信阳市7～12岁儿童单纯性肥胖的流行现况及其影响因素,为制定儿童肥胖防治策略提供科学依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,对信阳市1800名7～12岁儿童进行问卷调查和身高、体重测量,并计算BMI,分析其相关影响因素。结果:1800名7～12岁儿童中筛查出单纯性肥胖111例(6.17%),其中男童69例(7.50%),女童42例(4.77%);非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,肥胖家族史、出生时的生产方式、出生体重、母乳喂养时间、吃零食情况、进食速度、既往食欲、暴饮暴食以及父母对体型的看法等9个因素与肥胖有相关性。结论:信阳市小学生的超重和肥胖率很高,预防儿童肥胖应逐步改善膳食和生活方式,需要学校和家长的配合及参与。     

A review of family and social determinants of children's eating patterns and diet quality

With the growing problem of childhood obesity, recent research has begun to focus on family and social influences on children's eating patterns. Research has demonstrated that children's eating patterns are strongly influenced by characteristics of both the physical and social environment. With regard to the physical environment, children are more likely to eat foods that are available and easily accessible, and they tend to eat greater quantities when larger portions are provided. Additionally, characteristics of the social environment, including various socioeconomic and sociocultural factors such as parents' education, time constraints, and ethnicity influence the types of foods children eat. Mealtime structure is also an important factor related to children's eating patterns. Mealtime structure includes social and physical characteristics of mealtimes including whether families eat together, TV-viewing during meals, and the source of foods (e.g., restaurants, schools). Parents also play a direct role in children's eating patterns through their behaviors, attitudes, and feeding styles. Interventions aimed at improving children's nutrition need to address the variety of social and physical factors that influence children's eating patterns.     

Factors associated with overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti kindergarten children aged 3-5 years

The purpose of the study was to investigate factors associated with overweight and obesity among Kuwaiti children aged 3-5 years. A cross-sectional sample of 3473 pupils (1748 boys and 1725 girls) was selected for the study from kindergartens using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Overweight and obesity were defined as weight-for-height (W/H) > or = 90th-< 95th and > or = 95th centiles of the NCHS/CDC reference population, respectively. Questionnaires were used to obtain information about birth order, parents' education and occupation, family income, number of servants, eating habits, grandparents and number of persons living at home, number of siblings, socioeconomic status (SES), which was based on parents' education and occupation, family income, area of residence and number of servants. Weight and height were measured and the pupils' dental status was assessed. Factors that were found to be significantly associated with overweight and obesity were gender, age, region (governorate), parents' education, birth order, dental status, eating regular meals and SES. Factors that were significantly associated with overweight and obesity males were age, governorate eating regular meals, number of persons living at home and SES. Among females these factors were governorate, dental status, number of servants and SES. The logistic regression analysis showed that the same factors shared by both genders significantly contributed to the development of overweight and obesity except father's education. This study concludes that ecological factors play an important role in the development of overweight and obesity, especially those related to affluence; Kuwait has been undergoing modernization and increasing affluence and changes to sedentary lifestyle and increased food consumption may have contributed to changes in overweight and obesity among the children.     

Parents are key players in the prevention and treatment of weight-related problems

There is growing agreement among experts that an obesogenic environment, which encourage excess food intake and idealizes thinness, plays a crucial role in the epidemic of childhood obesity and eating disorders. Because parents provide a child's contextual environment, they should be considered key players in interventions aimed at preventing or treating weight-related problems. Parenting style and feeding style are crucial factors in fostering healthy lifestyle and awareness of internal hunger and satiety cues and de-emphasizing thinness. Effective interventions for prevention and treatment of weight-related problems should be approached from a health-centered rather than a weight-centered perspective, with the parents as central agents of change. This paper reviews the environmental risk factors and parents' role in the prevention and treatment of children's weight-related problems.     

Parent-child relationships in nutrient intake: the Framingham Children's Study.

Nutrient intake affects many of the identified risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Although CHD risk factors have been shown to aggregate within families, less is known about the familial aggregation of nutrient intake. We analyzed diet records for an average of 9 d per subject on 87 mothers, 83 fathers, and 91 children aged 3-5 y. A statistically significant but modest correlation (r less than 0.50) was found between parents' and children's intakes for most nutrients. The intake of nutrients was more strongly related between mothers and children than between fathers and children, and there was a stronger association with children's values for parents consuming more meals at home. The results of this study confirm that parents' eating habits have an impact on the nutrient intake of their preschool children; the study furnishes indirect support for dietary-intervention programs targeting families for the primary prevention of CHD.     

北京市托幼园所儿童单纯性肥胖症的影响因素分析

目的:探讨北京市托幼园所儿童单纯性肥胖症的影响因素。方法:采取整群抽样的方法,选取北京市6所幼儿园2015名儿童为研究对象,测量身高、体重,按WHO身高标准体重值评价肥胖,通过问卷调查儿童进食行为、儿童在家庭中的饮食、生活运动行为、家庭生活和饮食活动状况等。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响肥胖的因素。结果:进食量多,进食速度快,喜欢肉类食物,连续看电视1h以上和母亲肥胖可能是托幼园所儿童肥胖的影响因素。结论:对北京市托幼园所的肥胖儿童应从儿童饮食、生活行为习惯、家长认识、家庭环境等方面予以干预。