Both PIGA and PIGL mutations cause GPI‐a deficient isolates in the Tk6 cell line

Molecular analysis of proaerolysin selected glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI‐a) deficient isolates in the TK6 cell line was performed. Initial studies found that the expected X‐linked PIGA mutations were rare among the spontaneous isolates but did increase modestly after ethyl methane sulfate (EMS) treatment (but to only 50% of isolates). To determine the molecular bases of the remaining GPI‐a deficient isolates, real‐time analysis for all the 25 autosomal GPI‐a pathway genes was performed on the isolates without PIGA mutations, determining that PIGL mRNA was absent for many. Further analysis determined these isolates had several different homozygous deletions of the 5′ region of PIGL (17p12‐p22) extending 5′ (telomeric) through NCOR1 and some into the TTC19 gene (total deletion >250,000 bp). It was determined that the TK6 parent had a hemizygous deletion in 17p12‐p22 (275,712 bp) extending from PIGL intron 2 into TTC19 intron 7. Second hit deletions in the other allele in the GPI‐a deficient isolates led to the detected homozygous deletions. Several of the deletion breakpoints including the original first hit deletion were sequenced. As strong support for TK6 having a deletion, a number of the isolates without PIGA mutations nor homozygous PIGL deletions had point mutations in the PIGL gene. These studies show that the GPI‐a mutation studies using TK6 cell line could be a valuable assay detecting point and deletion mutations in two genes simultaneously. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:663–673, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

恢复体验类型在调节紧张相关健康状况的作用分析

目的评价不同恢复体验类型(RE)的护士群体职业紧张、身心健康、职业生命质量的差异,分析评价恢复体验类型在调节紧张相关健康状况的作用。方法对某市7家三甲医院298名在岗护士,以单纯随机抽样的方法抽取研究样本,采用工作内容问卷(JCQ)测量职业紧张、中文版恢复体验问卷(REQ-C)测量恢复体验水平、聚类分析方法区分恢复体验类型、职业生命质量问卷(QWL7-32)测量紧张相关健康状态。结果聚类分析将298名护士分为充分型、中间型和缺乏型三种RE类型;三种类型的护士心理健康和职业生命质量得分存在差异(P0.01)。不同RE类型的对象,其心理健康与职业生命质量水平随紧张水平变化的趋势不同;因变量为心理健康得分的多元线性回归分析中,结果显示相对于缺乏型来说,充分型的β值为-2.48(P0.05),RE类型为心理健康的独立影响因素。结论不同恢复体验类型对心理健康、职业生命质量的调节作用存在差异。     

Longitudinal study of t-cell somatic mutations conferring glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor deficiency in gulf war I veterans exposed to depleted uranium

Fifty Veterans of the first Gulf War in 1991 exposed to depleted uranium (DU) were studied for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor (GPIa) deficient T-cell mutants on three occasions during the years 2009, 2011, and 2013. GPIa deficiency was determined in two ways: cloning assays employing aerolysin selection and cytometry using the FLAER reagent for positive staining of GPIa cell surface proteins. Subsequent molecular analyses of deficient isolates recovered from cloning assays (Nicklas JA et al. [2019]: Environ Mol Mutagen) revealed apparent incomplete selection in some cloning assays, necessitating correction of original data to afford a more realistic estimate of GPIa deficient mutant frequency (MF) values. GPIa deficient variant frequencies (VFs) determined by cytometry were determined in the years 2011 and 2013. A positive but nonsignificant association was observed between MF and VF values determined on the same blood samples during 2013. Exposure to DU had no effect on either GPIa deficient MF or VFs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:494–504, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals: an overview in Africa

Oral opportunistic infections developing secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported from the early days of the epidemic and have been classified by both the EC-Clearinghouse and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Among the fungal infections, oral candidiasis, presenting in African HIV-infected patients has been sporadically documented. We review the literature with respect to candidal carriage, oral candidiasis prevalence and the predictive value of oral candidiasis for a diagnosis of underlying HIV disease in African HIV-infected patients. The use of oral candidiasis as a marker of disease progression, the species of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity in Africa and the resistance of the yeasts to antifungal agents and treatment regimens are discussed. Orofacial lesions as manifestations of the systemic mycoses are rarely seen in isolation and few cases are reported in the literature from Africa. In spite of the high incidence of noma, tuberculosis, chronic osteomyelitis and syphilis in Africa, surprisingly there have been very few reported cases of the oral manifestations of these diseases in HIV-positive individuals. Orofacial disease in HIV-infected patients is associated with marked morbidity, which is compounded by malnutrition. The authors indicate specific research areas, initially directed at the most effective management strategies, which would complete data in this important area.     

术前血糖水平对糖尿病患者行输尿管软镜碎石术后发生感染相关并发症的影响

观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者行输尿管软镜碎石术（FURL）后出现感染相关并发症的影响因素,探讨T2DM患者术前血糖水平与发生术后感染相关并发症的关系,为T2DM患者在接受FULR术后发生感染相关并发症的早期预防及治疗提供参考。     

孟根乌森乌日乐对小鼠的急性毒性研究

目的：了解孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性作用剂量及给药后的急性毒性反应和死亡分布情况,确定孟根乌森乌日乐的半数致死量（ LD50）。方法用孔氏综合法（改进寇氏法）分为14．30,9．28,6．04,3．92,2．55,1．66 g? kg－16个剂量组,以0．4 mL／10 g的量灌胃给药1次。实验后观察14 d,记录体重变化及不良反应情况。结果孟根乌森乌日乐小鼠半数致死量为5．1597 g? kg－1（95％CI：3．6652～7．2637 g? kg－1）。14 d内未出现明显不良反应症状且体重有增长趋势。结论孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性实验的半数致死量为临床用药量的100倍,提示单次口服较为安全。