Ⅱ型糖尿病的家庭聚集性研究

目的　通过对Ⅱ型糖尿病家庭聚集性的分析,探讨遗传因素在糖尿病患者一级亲属成员发病中所起的作用及其相对危险度。方法　采用以人群为基础的遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法,对３６３ 例Ⅱ型糖尿病先证者家系及２９１ 例人群对照家系进行了调查。结果　先证者家系一级亲属糖尿病的患病率为３ ．９４ ％ ,对照组一级亲属为１ ．０９ ％ ,相对危险度为３ ．６２ ,各组血缘亲属的相对危险度均在３ ．０ 以上;糖尿病先证者诊断时年龄越轻,其一级亲属的糖尿病患病率和相对危险度越高,其家系内发生多例糖尿病病例的可能性越大。结论　Ⅱ型糖尿病具有明显的家庭聚集倾向,其一级亲属对糖尿病的遗传易感性较高,是糖尿病预防和控制的重点人群。     

2型糖尿病的遗传流行病学研究

目的 探讨遗传因素在2型糖尿病发生中的作用及其一般遗传模式。方法 对21个2型糖尿病先证者进行家系调查，应用Falconer同归法估算遗传度，Penrose’s法、Li-Mantel-Gait法及江三多的阈值模型理论估计2型糖尿病分离比、遗传模式等。结果 2型糖尿病先证者一级亲属患病率为7．6％，高于一般人群患病率；2型糖尿病遗传度为46．8％；Penrose’s法计算同胞患病率（s）/人群患病率（q）为3．312，接近1／q^1/2；简单分离分析结果显示，分离率P为0．131，低于0．25；阈值模型理论推算出2型糖尿病一级亲属的理论发病率为8．0％，实际发病率为7．6％。结论 2型糖尿病有明显遗传倾向，但不符合单基因遗传模式，具有多基因遗传特征。     

家族性2型糖尿病与心血管病危险因素研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病家系人群的心血管疾病危险因素聚集情况。方法 选择有2个或2个以上2型糖尿病患者的家系115个，共有287例患者为病例组，非糖尿病亲属168人为对照组，进行病例一对照研究。应用X^2检验、二项分类Logistic回归方法分析病例组和对照组的心血管疾病危险因素检出率及聚集性。结果 病例组、对照组心血管疾病危险因素聚集检出率分别为82．2％和53．0％；二项分类Logksdc回归分析显示心血管疾病危险因素聚集是2型糖尿病的独立危险因素，其OR值为2．201。结论 心血管疾病危险因素聚集是家族高发性2型糖尿病的主要危险因素。     

2型糖尿病遗传病因的流行病学研究

对３６３例２型糖尿病先证者家系及２９１例人群对照家系进行了以人群为基础的遗传流行病学病例－对照研究。结果显著的：糖尿病先证者一级亲属（父母、同胞、子女）的累积发病率为３．９４％,对照组一级亲属１．０９％,相对危险度（ＲＲ）为３．６２,差异有非常显著性意义（χ２＝３６．５４,Ｐ＜０．００１）;无论男性或女性一级亲属,先证者组的累积发病率均非常显著地高于人群对照组;诊断时年龄＜５５岁先证者的一级亲属,其糖尿病累积发病率和相对危险度均显著高于诊断年龄＞５５岁组。二项分布显示先证者一级亲属中２型糖尿病的分布呈明显的家庭聚集性,先证者一级亲属的遗传度为４０．４％（男性４２．６％,女性３８．６％）;２型糖尿病在同胞中的分离比为０．０３２,显著低于０．２５,不符合单基因遗传的特征。     

2型糖尿病患者遗传性病例对照研究

目的通过对2型糖尿病一级亲属患病率和遗传度的分析，探讨遗传因素在2型糖尿病中的作用。方法采用病例对照方法，选择沈阳市2所医院门诊与住院的2型糖尿病患者203例作为病例组，同期选取社区缝康人群201人作为对照组进行调查。采用χ^2检验进行统计分析，并用Falconer法计算遗传度。结果家族史是2型糖尿病的危险因素（OR=5．89）；病例组一级亲属的2型糖尿病患病率为6。76％，显著高于对照组的1.27％，相对危险度为5．32（95％CI=3.54～7．99）；2型糖尿病一级亲属的遗传度为56．88％。结论遗传因素在2型糖尿病的发生中起重要作用，其一级亲属对糖尿病的遗传易感性较高，是糖尿病预防和控制的重点人群。     

125个家族高发性2型糖尿病的危险因素研究

目的 研究家族高发性2型糖尿病家系人群中可能的遗传和环境危险因素。方法 对1999～2001年门诊及住院的125个家庭高发性2型糖尿病先证者的家庭成员调查家族信息和环境危险因素,比较2型糖尿病患者、糖耐量减低(IGT)患者与非患者在环境危险因素的差异。采用Falconer法估算遗传度,用Penrose法进行多基因分析研究其遗传危险性。结果 三组人群甘油三酯、体重指数、腰臀比值、高血压史及体力活动史的构成比差异有极显著性(P<0.01),而其他血脂项目及冠心病史差异未见显著性。125个大家系的2型糖尿病遗传度为83.42％±5.84％,提示在这些家系中可能有显性主基因存在。多基因分析研究表明在该人群中,2型糖尿病可能符合多基因遗传模式。结论 2型糖尿病为多基因疾病,环境危险因素和遗传因素及其交互作用可能影响其发病。     

Ⅱ型糖尿病家族聚集性的流行病学研究

目的　探讨家族遗传因素在Ⅱ型糖尿病发生发展中的作用。方法　采用遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法，对常州市３５０ 个家系（１８４ 个Ⅱ型糖尿病先证家系和１６６ 个对照家系） 进行了Ⅱ型糖尿病的遗传流行病学研究。结果　病例组一级亲属总的患病率为３．４７ ％ ，与对照组的１ ．０３ ％ 相比，差异有非常显著性（χ２ ＝ １７ ．６６ ，Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ；无论其父母、同胞或子女，均以病例亲属的患病率显著高于对照； Ⅱ型糖尿病家族中实际发病数超过其二项分布的理论概率范围，即Ⅱ型糖尿病的分布呈明显的家族聚集性； 单因素和多因素ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归模型拟合也提示，家族史仍是Ⅱ型糖尿病的最主要危险因素。结论　遗传因素在Ⅱ型糖尿病发病中占有重要地位     

宣威肺癌的遗传流行病学研究

分析了宣威肺癌高发区的３７０对核心家系的资料。结果表明；肺癌的发生具有家族聚集性，肺癌先证者的亲属患肺癌的危险性增加，是配偶家系亲属的１．８５倍。女性亲属是配偶家系女性亲属的２．６４倍。肺癌的遗传属于多基因遗传，其分离比为０．１５，其遗传度为２４．６％，肺癌先证者的亲属对肺癌的易感性比配偶的亲属高。遗传因素是肺癌的危险因素，但不是宣威肺癌高发的主要危险因素。     

女性肺癌的遗传流行病学研究

通过对１７６个女性肺癌先证者核心家系和１９４个女性对照的核心家系资料分析。发现女性肺癌先证者的一级亲属（父母、同胞）患肺癌的危险性是对照一级亲属（父母、同胞）的１．６７倍，且差异具有显著性。其中女性亲属患肺癌的危险性显著高于对照的女性亲属，ＯＲ值为２．８１（Ｐ＜０．０１）。女性肺癌的遗传度为２０．５４％，遗传因素是女性肺癌的重要危险因素。女性肺癌先证者的女性亲属对肺癌的遗传易感性比男性亲属高。这些结果有助于全面阐明云南省宣威县女性肺癌高发的原因。     

食管癌的遗传流行病学研究

目的：探讨遗传因素与食管癌的关系。方法：通过遗传流行病学病例对照研究方法,对海安县２６５个食管癌先证者家系和２６５个对照家系进行分离比、遗传度估计。结果：食管癌先证者一级亲属的发病率（５．３８％）明显高于对照一级亲属的发病率（２．８１％）,食管癌遗传度为２４．２４％,分离比为０．１２１４,小于０．２５,属多基因遗传疾病。结论：海安县食管癌的病因中,遗传因素起重要作用。     

2型糖尿病家系危险因素Logistic回归分析

目的研究家系人群中2型糖尿病(T2DM)的危险因素，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法利用葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、PCR-RFLP和免疫法排除其他类型后确定了115个2型糖尿病家系，通过问卷调查和实验室检查收集危险因素的情况，并采用Logistic回归分析方法对新老2型糖尿病患者和糖耐量低减(IGT)患者危险因素进行分析。结果糖尿病患者的多因素分析显示，T2DM患者的年龄(OR=1．043，95％CI 1．024～1．062)、高血脂史(OR=4．471。95％CI 2．149～9．303)、高血压史(OR=2．075，95％CI 1．001～4．301)和腰臀比超标(OR=1．809，95％CI 1．00～4．301)是独立的危险因素，而新诊断患者仅高血压史(OR=6．068，95％ CI 1．697～21．689)是独立的危险因素，IGT患者的年龄(OR=1．398，95％CI～1．138～1．717)是危险因素。结论在本研究人群中，高血压、年龄、中心性肥胖可能是2型糖尿病的危险因素。     

Diabetes mellitus in children in Lomé (Togo)

AIM: Describe clinical aspects and outcome of children with diabetes mellitus in Lomé (Togo). METHODS: This work concern eighteen children consecutively admitted between 1997 and 2004 for diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were done on the presentation of at least one of T2DM risk factors: obesity, familial history of T2DM, acanthosis nigricans, polycystic ovary syndrome, dislipidemia, high blood pressure. RESULTS: Twelve children presented type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), 5 T2DM and one, corticosteroids induced diabetes. At least one of the first degree parent suffered from diabetes in 4 of the 5 children with T2DM and 4 of the 12 patients with T1DM. Most patients (with T1DM or T2DM) presented polyuria, polydypsia and ketonuria at admission. All patients with T2DM were obese and had lifestyles characterised by high fat intake, sedentary attitudes, and physical inactivity. The corticosteroid induced diabetes cessed when corticosteroid stopped. The other patients were successfully treated with insulin (T1DM) or insulin then exercises and diets (T2DM). CONCLUSION: Clinical presentation of diabetes mellitus is now characterised in Togo by the emergence of T2DM which principal risks factors are obesity and familial history of T2DM.     

中国2型糖尿病危险因素分析

目的分析我国2型糖尿病发病的危险因素,为糖尿病的预防和治疗提供依据.方法利用自然人群,采取分层随机抽样,直接测OGTT服糖后2h血糖的方法诊断糖尿病和糖耐量损害,采用多元回归法进行分析.结果在年龄大于40岁、具有糖尿病家族史、体质指数25以上和腰臀比0.9以上以及吸烟人群中,糖尿病及糖耐量损害患病率剧增.高血压人群中糖尿病及糖耐量损害的发生率显著高于非高血压人群.结论年龄增大、阳性家族史、高腰臀比、体力活动量少、体质指数大及嗜好吸烟,是糖尿病及糖耐量损害的危险因子.2型糖尿病与高血压关系密切.     

Psychosocial factors in adherence to pharmacological treatment and diabetes mellitus control in patients over 65

AimTo explore the influence of anxiety/depression symptoms and social risk in patients older than 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) both in non-adherence to pharmacological treatment (Non-AdhT) and in poor control of T2DM.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsAdults over 65 years of age with T2DM treated at the Madrid Primary Care Service.Main measurementsData collection: Electronic Health Record database. Variables: Poor control of T2DM (HBA1c) and Non-AdhT (Morisky-Green test); main clinical variables: symptoms of depression/anxiety and social risk. Global multivariate logistic regression models and disaggregated by sex were used to Non-AdhT and poor T2DM control.ResultsData were obtained on 884 subjects. Non-AdhT prevalence: 4.4%; prevalence of poor T2DM control: 37.2%. Multivariate logistic regression models for No-AdhT in men showed a higher risk if they had symptoms of anxiety/depression (OR: 3.88; 95%CI: 1.15–13.07); and in women, if they had social risk (OR: 5.61; 95%CI: 1.86–16.94). Multivariate logistic regression models for poor control of T2DM in men revealed a higher risk if they did not have AdhT (OR: 3.53; 95%CI: 1.04–12.02).ConclusionsIn people over 65 years with T2DM, although Non-AdhT is low, the prevalence of poor T2DM control is high. Symptoms of depression or anxiety are a risk factor to Non-AdhT in men, while social risk has the same effect in women. Non-AdhT in men increases the risk of poor T2DM control. From a gender perspective, it is important to detect social and mental health problems in older adults with diabetes and to reinforce strategies to improve their adherence to drug treatment in these patients.     

住院患者糖尿病并抑郁症危险因素分析

目的了解住院2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)抑郁症的患病情况,探讨T2DM并抑郁症的相关危险因素。方法选取2016年12月至2017年5月在我院住院的T2DM患者,采用Zung氏抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价患者抑郁症情况,对糖尿病合并抑郁症相关危险因素进行Logistic多元回归分析。结果T2DM患者中抑郁症发生率为34.28%。Logistic多元回归分析结果显示,HbA1c、CRP、合并DPN的OR值分别为1.435(95%CI:1.153~1.786)、16.907(95%CI:7.068~40.439)和17.906(95%CI:8.173~39.233)。结论T2DM患者中抑郁症发生率较高,HbA1c、CRP及合并DPN可能是其独立的危险因素。     

Incidence of type 2 diabetes and its diagnosis process in the decade 1991-2000 in a primary health care centre

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the annual incidence and reasons for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from 1991 to 2000. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study. The clinical records of all new cases of T2DM registered in an urban primary care center over a 10-year period were reviewed. The annual incidence and prevalence in the population aged more than 14 years old were calculated. Statistical analyses of temporal trends and periodicity (monthly, seasonal and annual) were performed with ARIMA models (Box-Jenkins), Poisson parametrical regression and semiparametrical (GAM) models. RESULTS: There were 598 true new cases of T2DM (mean age [SD]: 59.7 [11.4] years; 51.3% women). The most frequent associated cardiovascular risk factors were obesity (58.5%) and hypertension (68.2%). The main reasons for diagnosing T2DM were the presence of previous hyperglycemia (64.7%) and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors (12.4%).The annual incidence was 37.9 per 10,000 persons (95% CI, 34.9-40.9) with no differences between sexes. The prevalence of T2DM at the beginning and end of the study period was 4.4 (95% CI, 2.0-4.8) and 5.5% (95% CI, 5.2-5.9) (25% relative increase). There was no significant temporal trend in the incidence of T2DM over the years. CONCLUSIONS: The observed incidence of T2DM is high compared with that reported in other studies. The increase in prevalence was not related to a progressive increase in the incidence. The most frequent reasons for diagnosing T2DM were previous hyperglycemia and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors. This finding seems to be related to an early diagnosis and could benefit these patients.     

2型糖尿病患者睡眠质量和焦虑的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者睡眠质量和焦虑之间的关系。方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,应用自行设计调查表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表、焦虑自评量表对T2DM患者进行调查,并检测患者糖化血红蛋白。组间比较采用χ2检验,以是否焦虑为因变量拟合多因素的Logistic回归分析。结果 本次共有效调查578例患者,其中睡眠质量差者所占比例为31.83%,焦虑发生率为44.12%。按照睡眠质量好差分层,睡眠质量好者焦虑的发生率为35.53%（140/394）,睡眠质量差者焦虑的发生率为62.50%,两者差异有统计学意义（χ2=37.00,P<0.001）。以血糖控制是否达标分层,血糖达标组中不同睡眠质量焦虑发生率差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.45,P=0.228）;血糖不达标组中,睡眠质量差者焦虑的发生率高于睡眠质量好者（χ2=37.82,P<0.001）。调整性别、年龄、文化程度、并发症等混杂因素后,睡眠质量与患者焦虑的发生相关联（OR=2.73,95%CI:1.87～3.98）;3个睡眠维度（主观睡眠质量差、睡眠障碍和日间功能障碍）与焦虑存在关联（OR值分别为1.84,1.82,2.49）。结论 T2DM患者睡眠质量与焦虑之间存在关联。