首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
目的科学客观地评价城市病媒生物防治工作,建立城市病媒生物防治评价体系,促进病媒生物防治工作的实施。方法采用文献法初步建立指标体系,采用德尔菲法选择30位从事病媒生物防治专家进行两轮咨询,对各级指标进行筛选并以赋值。结果经过两轮专家咨询,有4个一级指标,23个二级指标,65个三级指标作为评价指标体系。两轮专家回收率均为100%,权威系数为0.808,协调系数为0.247(χ~2=528.56,P0.01)和0.268(χ~2=537.74,P0.01),均有统计学意义。结论建立起比较完善的城市病媒生物防治评价指标体系,为其评价提供了量化依据。  相似文献   

2.
目的利用德尔菲法建立用于评价病媒生物防治能力的指标体系。方法采用文献法初步建立指标体系,在此基础上采用德尔菲法,根据指标重要性得分的均值和变异系数的大小筛选指标,并确定指标权重。结果经过两轮专家咨询,确定评价指标体系,包含一级指标6个,二级指标27个,三级指标33个。两轮专家应答率均〉90%,权威系数为0.82,协调系数为0.23(χ2=126.07,P〈0.05)和0.41(χ2=212.26,P〈0.05),均有统计学意义。结论初步建立病媒生物防治能力评价指标体系,为病媒生物防治能力评价提供量化依据。  相似文献   

3.
病媒生物防制是爱国卫生运动的重要内容之一。随着社会经济的不断发展,为保证病媒生物防制工作的专业化、科学化、机制化,嘉兴市区自2007年7月开始对社区公共环境进行病媒生物市场化运作,逐渐形成一套招投标、监督、考核机制,得到了基层爱国卫生工作人员及居民的欢迎。  相似文献   

4.
目的:研究建立一套适合评价四川省二级和三级医院科技能力的指标体系,便于卫生行政部门了解、考核各医院的科技能力,合理配备医学科技资源.方法:运用文献法、专家会议、专家咨询法和德尔菲法建立指标体系.结果:建立了一套由3个一级指标、13个二级指标、26个三级指标组成的三级指标体系.结论:该套指标体系适合评价四川省二三级医院的科技能力,下一步有待于研究指标的权重和进行应用研究<'[1]>.  相似文献   

5.
目的加强病媒生物防制工作,提高病媒生物防制应急处置能力,同时建立济南、大连、哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心(CDC)灾后病媒生物的联防应急处置机制。方法演练分为"情景模拟"及"现场演练"两个环节,演练组针对两个环节制定病媒生物防制技术方案并汇报或实施,专家组对方案的制定与现场实施等内容进行点评。结果演练组制定的鼠类综合防制方案及蚊类综合防制技术方案科学合理,现场操作实施到位,效果良好。结论通过理论竞技比赛与实战合作相结合、座谈研讨与现场演练相结合、市级病媒生物防制应急队伍与国家级、省级专家相结合的病媒生物应急防制模拟演练研讨会,提高了演练组的各市CDC病媒生物应急处置能力。  相似文献   

6.
目的为科学、合理制定我国《城镇病媒生物综合管理技术规范》,保证规范的可行性和科学性。方法采用改良的德尔菲专家咨询法,根据WHO病媒生物综合管理框架,总结我国病媒生物综合治理经验,组织专家编制病媒生物综合管理规范初稿,通过两轮专家论证,并形成病媒生物综合管理规范的事件专家函询表,征求全国相关领域30位专家的意见,采用Access 2000建立数据库,SPSS 11.5软件包进行统计分析。结果专家函询表回收率83.3%,对“病媒生物控制方法”和“病媒生物控制组织管理”有关方面指标的评价中,专家的权威系数都在0.80以上,协调系数为0.633 4;所咨询的指标共39个,其算术均数介于7.32~9.00之间,标准差介于0~1.661之间,变异系数值介于0~0.222之间。结论专家对绝大多数问题给予了肯定回答,并有较高的一致性,表明《规范》中所涉及的绝大部分内容的必要性、科学性和可行性得到了全国同行专家的认可。  相似文献   

7.
目的建立一套科学、简便、全面的社区高血压管理绩效评价指标,为社区绩效考核工作服务。方法采用改良德尔菲(Delphi)专家咨询法,经过两轮函询,建立社区高血压管理绩效评价指标,并用优序图法与专家评定法确定指标权重。结果本研究专家咨询的权威系数0.873。两轮专家咨询的积极系数分别是90%和100%,肯德尔和谐系数分别是0.581和0.785。通过两轮咨询,最终构建了包括工作保障、业务开展、工作成效3个I级指标,20个II级指标的评价指标体系,并给各指标赋予权重。结论建立了一个较为全面的社区高血压管理绩效评价指标体系。专家积极性较高,权威性、协调性较好,筛选出的考核指标可为社区高血压管理绩效评价提供依据。  相似文献   

8.
社区公共卫生服务绩效评价指标体系研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:建立一套科学、简便、易用的社区公共卫生服务绩效评价指标体系,为政府考核提供工具。方法:采用信函的方式进行两轮德尔菲专家咨询,请专家对拟订的指标作出评价和提供修改建议。根据专家咨询结果选择指标,计算指标权重,确定社区公共卫生服务绩效评价指标体系。结果:经两轮专家咨询最终构建了以支持、业务和效果三大类指标为主要结构的具有层次性的社区公共卫生服务绩效评价指标体系,包括一级指标3个,二级指标16个,三级指标41个,并通过百分权重法和乘积法计算了每项指标的权重。结论:整套指标体系结构合理、内容全面,体现了社区公共卫生和绩效评价的核心思想。  相似文献   

9.
医疗卫生机构科研竞争力评价指标体系研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的 建立一套科学、简便、易用的医疗卫生机构科研竞争力评价指标体系,为政府考核提供工具.方法 采用信函的方式进行两轮德尔菲专家咨询,请专家对拟订的指标作出评价和提供修改建议.根据专家咨询结果选择指标,计算指标权重,确定医疗卫生机构科研竞争力评价指标体系.结果 经两轮专家咨询最终构建了以投入、产出和绩效三大类指标为主要结构的具有层次性的医疗卫生机构科研竞争力评价指标体系,包括一级指标3个,二级指标13个,三级指标50个,并通过百分权重法和乘积法计算了每项指标的权重.结论 整套指标体系结构合理、内容全面,体现了科研竞争力评价的核心思想.  相似文献   

10.
目的构建一套社区健康管理水平评价指标体系,为社区层面的健康管理水平评价提供工具。方法基于2012版欧盟健康评价指标体系的维度,结合健康中国行动考核指标,采用头脑风暴法及文献综述法形成原始指标池,据此发放正式的专家咨询问卷。遴选18位相关领域专家进行两轮德尔菲咨询,最后由模糊综合评价法确定权重。结果专家积极系数:第1轮,88.89%;第2轮,93.75%。两轮专家的权威系数、熟悉程度系数、判断系数都在0.8以上;第2轮专家咨询完成后,专家意见协调系数为0.22~0.25,相较第一轮差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);最终确定了涵盖一级指标4个、二级指标14个、三级指标59个及其对应权重的社区健康水平评价指标体系。结论初步建立了社区健康水平评价指标体系,纳入指标符合实际,权重合理,具有一定的可操作性。  相似文献   

11.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

12.
Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.  相似文献   

13.
To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.  相似文献   

14.
Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.  相似文献   

17.
Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.  相似文献   

18.
This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.  相似文献   

20.
BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号