Livin 蛋白在支气管肺癌中的表达及与 Bcl －2的关系

目的：探讨 Livin 蛋白在原发性支气管肺癌组织的表达及其与 Bcl －2蛋白之间的关系。方法：采用免疫组化 SP 法检测 Livin 与 Bcl －2在支气管肺癌组织和癌旁5cm 以上正常肺组织中蛋白的表达情况。结果：肺癌组的 Livin 蛋白和 Bcl －2蛋白阳性表达率均高于对照组（均 P ＜0．05）。男性肺癌患者 Livin 蛋白的表达阳性率为62．96％,女性为40．00％,两者相比差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。有淋巴结转移的肺组织中Livin 蛋白和 Bcl －2蛋白的阳性表达率较高（78．95％ vs 36．36％,68．42％ vs 27．27％,均 P ＜0．05）。肺鳞癌组织 Bcl －2基因蛋白的阳性表达率为58．82％,显著高于肺腺癌组织中 Bcl －2基因蛋白表达（20．45％）,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。吸烟指数≥400的肺癌患者 Livin 蛋白及 Bcl －2蛋白表达阳性率均高于吸烟指数＜400的患者,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。支气管肺癌的组织分化程度、临床分期对 Livin 蛋白和 Bcl －2蛋白的阳性表达率的影响均无统计学差异。Livin 蛋白与 Bcl －2蛋白的表达呈正相关。结论：Livin 蛋白与Bcl －2蛋白在支气管肺癌的异常表达,有望成为肿瘤诊断及基因治疗的新靶点。Livin 蛋白与凋亡相关蛋白Bcl －2的异常表达在支气管肺癌癌变中有协调作用。     

凋亡抑制蛋白基因Livin及肿瘤转移相关基因在肺癌组织中的表达及其与肺癌临床特征的关系分析

目的 分析凋亡抑制蛋白基因Livin及肿瘤转移相关基因在肺癌组织中的表达及其与肺癌临床特征的关系.方法 选取确诊并治疗的肺癌患者392例,采用逆转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测392例肺癌组织中的Livin、基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)、趋化因子受体-4(CXCR4)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)mRNA的表达水平.同时选取306例肺癌患者癌旁正常肺组织、297例肺部良性病变患者的肺部良性病变组织,采用RT-PCR检测Livin、SDF-1、CXCR4、MMP-2、MMP-9 mRNA的表达水平.结果 肺癌组织中Livin、Livinα、Livinβ、SDF-1、CXCR4、MMP-2、MMP-9的阳性表达率均高于癌旁正常肺组织和肺部良性病变组织(P﹤0.05);肺癌组织中Livinα表达水平为(0.35±0.09),高于Livinβ的(0.28±0.05)(P﹤0.05).结论 肿瘤组织中的Livin、SDF-1、CXCR4、MMP-2、MMP-9表达水平较高,Livinα和化疗有密切关系,Livinβ和肿瘤位置有相关性,MMP-9与肿瘤是否发生转移有密切关系.     

肝细胞癌中PTEN、p73蛋白表达及临床意义

[目的]研究肝细胞癌中PTEN、p73蛋白的表达及相互关系,探讨它们在肝细胞癌的发生发展中的生物学意义.[方法]应用Elivision免疫组化方法检测53例肝细胞癌及癌旁肝组织中PTEN、p73蛋白表达.[结果]53例肝细胞癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达的阳性率(56.6%)明显低于癌旁肝组织(96.2%)(x2=20.94,P＜0.01),p73蛋白表达的阳性率(54.7%)高于癌旁肝组织(5.7%)(x2=26.33,P＜0.01).PTEN蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、TNM分期、伴肝硬化无相关性(P＞0.05),与组织分化程度、有无侵袭性显著相关(P＜0.01).p73蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、TNM分期、伴肝硬化无相关性(P＞0.05),与肝细胞癌有无侵袭性显著相关(P＜0.05).PTEN蛋白表达与p73蛋白表达无相关性.[结论]PTEN、p73蛋白在肝细胞癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用.联合检测PTEN、p73蛋白对判断肝细胞癌预后有参考价值.     

Livin蛋白在肾细胞癌中的表达及其与预后的关系

[目的]检测凋亡抑制蛋白Livin在人肾细胞癌组织中的表达,并分析其与预后的关系.[方法]采用Western Blot法检测7例正常肾组织及48例肾细胞癌标本中Livin蛋白的表达情况.[结果]Livin在正常肾组织中无表达,在肿瘤组织中阳性表达率为58.3％.Livin蛋白在不同性别、年龄、分期及分级中表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).平均随访26.4个月,48例患者中有13例出现复发,复发率为27.1％.Livin表达阳性组和阴性组3年无瘤生存率分别为47.2％和71.3％,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.02).[结论]Livin在正常肾组织中不表达,在肾癌组织中高表达.Livin的表达与肾细胞癌分期无关,与肿瘤复发密切相关.     

Survivin和Livin在Dukes''B期结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

背景与目的:Survivin和Livin是新发现的凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitors of apoptosis proteins,IAPs)家族成员,特异性表达于肿瘤细胞和胚胎细胞,在正常细胞中较少表达,其表达与部分肿瘤预后不良相关.本研究检测Survivin及Livin在Dukes'B期结直肠癌组织中的表达并分析其临床意义.方法:收集81例根治性手术切除后的Dukes'B期结直肠癌组织,利用免疫组化SP法检测Survivin及Livin的表达并分析两种蛋白与临床特征的关系及对患者生存的影响.结果:Survivin和Livin在Dukes'B期结直肠癌组织中的阳性率分别为58.0%和45.7%,明显高于正常对照组的16.7%和8.3%(P值均＜0.05);两者表达不具有相关性(P＞0.05);Survivin及Livin在结直肠癌组织中的表达与性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤大小、T分期、大体类型、组织分化程度均无显著性相关(P值均＞0.05);≥50岁患者Survivin的阳性率高于＜50岁患者(70.6%vs.36.7%,P＜0.05);Survivin和Livin的表达均与肿瘤复发和/或转移(P=0.02,P=0.001)、总生存不佳有关(P=0.039,P=0.001);Cox多因素分析显示T4及Livin阳性为Dukes'B期结直肠癌独立不良预后因素(P=0.002,P=0.047).结论:Survivin及Livin高表达于Dukes'B期结直肠癌组织中,Livin与根治性手术后的复发转移和患者预后关系密切.     

Livin在肺癌中的表达及与pro-caspase3的相关性分析初步探讨

背景与目的Livin是凋亡抑制蛋白新成员之一,目前研究表明Livin在各种恶性肿瘤(包括肺癌)中过度表达,并促进肿瘤发生发展。本研究目的在于探讨在蛋白水平凋亡抑制蛋白livin在肺癌组织中的表达及与肺癌组织类型、术前化疗、淋巴结转移的关系;探索livin蛋白表达与pro-caspase3蛋白的关系。方法采用Western-blot方法检测肺癌组织及对照组中livin及pro-caspase3的蛋白水平的表达。结果27例肺癌组织中livin蛋白表达阳性率为55.6%(15/27),明显高于对照组癌旁组织(20.0%)和良性疾病肺组织(16.7%)(P<0.01)。其中在肺腺癌、鳞癌(包括大细胞癌)组织中livin蛋白阳性率分别为76.92%,38.46%,1例小细胞癌阴性;livin蛋白在术前有无化疗肺癌组织中及淋巴结有无转移组织中表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。应用凝胶成像仪测量各指标灰度值后显示,肺癌组织livin蛋白表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05);pro-caspase3蛋白在肺癌组织中表达高于对照组(P<0.01),livin蛋白表达与pro-caspase3蛋白表达呈正相关趋向。结论Livin蛋白可在不同病理类型肺癌组织中不同程度表达,livin蛋白表达与术前化疗及淋巴结转移无明显相关;livin蛋白表达与pro-caspase3蛋白呈正相关趋势,可能与其与pro-caspase3蛋白结合抑制其加工活化有关。     

Livin蛋白和STAT3蛋白在支气管肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨Livin蛋白和STAT3蛋白在支气管肺癌组织中的表达,及蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化二步法（SP法）检测在支气管肺癌组织及癌旁病理证实的正常肺组织和肺部良性病变组织中Livin蛋白和STAT3蛋白的表达情况。结果:肺癌组的Livin蛋白和STAT3蛋白阳性表达率均高于对照组(均为P<0.05)。男性肺癌患者肺组织、有淋巴结转移肺组织、吸烟指数≥400年支的肺癌患者肺组织中Livin蛋白和STAT3蛋白的阳性表达率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺腺癌组织Livin蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于肺鳞癌组织,差异有统计学意义（P=0.009）。低分化肺癌组织中STAT3蛋白阳性表达率明显高于中分化肺癌组织,差异有统计学意义（P=0.004）。支气管肺癌患者的年龄、临床分期对Livin蛋白和STAT3蛋白的阳性表达率的影响均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。Livin蛋白与STAT3蛋白的表达呈正相关。结论:Livin蛋白与STAT3蛋白在支气管肺癌组织中过表达,有望为肿瘤诊断及基因治疗提供新的靶点。Livin蛋白与STAT3蛋白在支气管肺癌组织中表达呈正相关。     

流式细胞术检测肺癌瘤组织和外周血角蛋白阳性细胞表达

[目的]探讨肺癌患者瘤组织和外周血角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)阳性细胞的表达及其临床意义.[方法]采用流式细胞术检测和分析了43例肺癌患者瘤组织和外周血CK 细胞的表达情况.[结果]肺癌患者瘤组织和外周血CK 细胞检出率均显著高于相应对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),且两者呈良好的正相关(r=0.325,P＜0.05).肿瘤患者CK 细胞检出率与肿瘤患者性别、年龄无关(P＞0.05);而与肿瘤临床分期、病理分级、瘤灶数、肿瘤大小、转移情况以及癌细胞倍体类型、增殖活性和凋亡水平密切相关(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).[结论]CK 细胞表达水平与患者临床生物学行为及瘤细胞生物学特性关系十分密切;CK 细胞可以作为肺癌的诊断、恶性度判断、微转移及患者预后估计的标志物.     

趋化因子受体CXCR4在甲状腺乳头状癌的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨趋化因子CXCR4在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及其与临床病理学参数的相关性.方法:利用半定量RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法分别检测72例新鲜甲状腺乳头状癌组织及52例甲状腺乳头状癌石蜡标本中CXCR4mRNA及蛋白的表达情况.结果:甲状腺乳头状癌组织中CXCR4mRNA及蛋白的阳性表达率分别为77.8%(56/72)、76.6%(95/124),而甲状腺良性病变组织及正常甲状腺组织均无表达,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);在甲状腺乳头状癌组织中,CXCR4mRNA表达与蛋白表达成正相关关系(r=-0.714,P＜0.01).单因素分析显示CXCR4的蛋白表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无关(P＞0.05),但与肿瘤侵犯程度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、临床分期密切相关(P＜0.05),且CXCR4蛋白阳性表达组的预后显著差于CXCR4蛋白阳性表达组(P＜0.05).结论:CXCR4阳性表达的甲状腺乳头状癌具有较高侵袭转移潜能,是预后不良的指标之一,CXCR4可作为抑制甲状腺乳头状癌侵袭转移的有效靶点.     

FHIT和Livin在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 检测FHIT和Livin蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达,并对其表达水平与NSCLC临床特征之间的关系进行相关性分析,探讨其与NSCLC的浸润、转移的关系及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例NSCLC组织及19例癌旁正常肺组织中FHIT和Livin蛋白的表达情况,并结合肺癌的临床病理特征进行对比分析。结果 FHIT在NSCLC中的阳性表达率显著低于正常肺组织(P＜0.05),Livin在NSCLC中的阳性表达率显著高于正常肺组织(P＜0.05);FHIT和Livin蛋白表达率均与肺癌的病理类型、细胞分化程度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期密切相关(P＜0.05),而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位及肿块大小无关(P＞0.05);FHIT与Livin蛋白表达两者呈负相关(P＜0.05)。结论 FHIT和Livin蛋白可以作为判断非小细胞肺癌的特异性指标,并为肿瘤基因治疗提供了新的靶点。     

Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between occupational and environmental radiation and cancer is reviewed. Studies of pioneering radiation workers, underground miners, and radium dial painters revealed excess cancer deaths and contributed to the setting of radiation protection standards and to theories of carcinogenesis. Occupational exposures today are generally much lower than in the past, thus any associated increases in cancer will be difficult to detect. Pooling investigations of these more recently exposed workers, however, has the potential to validate current estimates of risk used in radiation protection. New information on the effects of chronic radiation exposure also may come from studies in the former Soviet Union of Chernobyl clean-up workers and of workers at the Mayak nuclear facilities. Studies of environmental radiation exposures, other than radon, are largely inconclusive, due mainly to the difficulties in detecting the low risks associated with low dose exposures. Thyroid cancer, however, has been linked to environmental radiation from the Chernobyl accident and from nuclear weapons tests. Low-level radiation released during normal operations at nuclear plants has not been found to increase cancer rates in surrounding populations. Radon, a human carcinogen, is the most ubiquitous exposure to human populations; remediating high residential-radon levels is recommended, recognizing that the exposure can never be removed completely because it occurs naturally.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.     

Religiosity and Physical and Emotional Functioning Among African American and White Colorectal and Lung Cancer Patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

Vitamin D and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer risk and prognosis: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Vitamin D is formed mainly in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and can as well be taken orally with food or through supplements. While sun exposure is a known risk factor for skin cancer development, vitamin D exerts anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on melanocytes and keratinocytes in vitro. To clarify the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis, we performed a review of the literature and meta-analysis to evaluate the association of vitamin D serum levels and dietary intake with cutaneous melanoma (CM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk and melanoma prognostic factors. Twenty papers were included for an overall 1420 CM and 2317 NMSC. The summary relative risks (SRRs) from random effects models for the association of highest versus lowest vitamin D serum levels was 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–3.53) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.02–2.65) for CM and NMSC, respectively. The SRR for the highest versus lowest quintile of vitamin D intake was 0.86 (95% CI 0.63–1.13) for CM and 1.03 (95% CI 0.95–1.13) for NMSC. Data were suggestive of an inverse association between vitamin D blood levels and CM thickness at diagnosis. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of vitamin D on skin cancer risk in populations with different exposure to sunlight and dietary habits, and to evaluate whether vitamin D supplementation is effective in improving CM survival.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

XRCC1 and XRCC3 variants and risk of glioma and meningioma

Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting DNA repair capacity and modifying cancer susceptibility have been described. We evaluated the association of SNPs Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln in the X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and Thr241Met in the X-ray cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3) DNA repair genes with the risk of brain tumors. The Caucasian study population consisted of 701 glioma (including 320 glioblastoma) cases, 524 meningioma cases, and 1,560 controls in a prospective population-based case–control study conducted in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and the UK. The studied SNPs were not significantly associated with the risk of brain tumors. The highest odds ratios (ORs) for the associations were observed between the homozygous variant genotype XRCC1 Gln399Gln and the risk of glioma (OR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.97–1.81), glioblastoma (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 0.98–2.24), and meningioma (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 0.96–1.86). However, in pair-wise comparisons a few SNP combinations were associated with the risk of brain tumors: Among others, carriers of both homozygous variant genotypes, i.e., XRCC1 Gln399Gln and XRCC3 Met241Met, were associated with a three-fold increased risk of glioma (OR = 3.18; 95% CI, 1.26–8.04) and meningioma (OR = 2.99; 95% CI, 1.16–7.72). In conclusion, no significant association with brain tumors was found for any of the polymorphisms, when examined one by one. Our results indicated possible associations between combinations of XRCC1 and XRCC3 SNPs and the risk of brain tumors.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。