54例原发鼻咽涎腺型癌的临床分析

目的 分析原发鼻咽涎腺型癌临床特点、治疗方法及预后因素。方法 回顾分析1963—2006年本院收治的 54例原发鼻咽涎腺型癌患者资料,其中腺样囊性癌 36例、黏液表皮样癌 11例、腺癌 7例,单纯手术 2例、单纯放疗 30例、综合治疗 22例(手术加放疗 15例,放疗加手术 7例)。8例接受化疗(术后辅助化疗 1例,同期放化疗 1例,复发后化疗 6例)。用Logrank法单因素分析。结果 随访率为89%。2、5年总生存率分别为85%、61%,无局部区域失败生存率分别为74%、55%,无远处转移生存率分别为92%、70%。治疗失败 35例,其中 26例局部区域失败(1例鼻咽复发加颈部淋巴结转移,23例鼻咽复发,2例颈部淋巴结转移)。发生远处转移 13例(4例出现多脏器转移),其中肺转移 10例、肝转移 3例、骨转移 2例、脑转移 1例、皮下转移 1例。单因素分析显示病理亚型与总生存率相关(χ²=15.29,P=0.000),而颈部淋巴结转移与无远转生存率相关(χ²=9.08,P=0.003)。结论 鼻咽涎腺型癌是一种局部侵袭性强、病程发展相对较慢的疾病,治疗上推荐手术与放疗的综合治疗。     

24例涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤的临床分析

目的 了解涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤的临床特征、治疗和预后。方法 24例经病理证实的涎腺恶性多形性腺瘤,对其诊断、治疗以及生存率进行分析。结果 恶性多形性腺瘤患者总的5年生存率为66．7％,其中发生于大涎腺者5年生存率为63．6％,发生于小涎腺2例均存活5年以上。结论 治疗首选手术,提倡首治行规范切除,位于领下腺者建议行预防性颈清扫;术后补充放疗不提高局部控制率。     

大涎腺恶性肿瘤术后放疗的疗效及其影响预后的因素分析

目的：探讨大涎腺恶性肿瘤的疗效及其影响预后的因素。方法：回顾性分析84例大涎腺恶性肿瘤的临床病例资料和随访结果。结果：单纯手术组和术后放疗组5年生存率分别为51．4％（18／35）和73．5％（36／49），两者有显著性差异（P＜0．05），高度恶性及中晚期（Ⅲ，Ⅳ期）患者术后放疗可明显提高生存率（P＜0．05），放疗剂量50－60Gy组的5年生存率为87．5％（21／24），明显高于其它组（P＜0．05）。结论：大涎腺恶性肿瘤术后放射治疗可提高生存率，尤其对于高度恶性及中晚期大涎腺恶性肿瘤应给予术后辅助性放射治疗，放疗剂量以50－60Gy为宜。     

原发于涎腺的非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床分析

目的探讨原发于涎腺非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的临床、病理特点,治疗方法和预后。方法18例原发于涎腺的非霍奇金淋巴瘤经术后病理证实。术后放射治疗15例,单纯放疗10例,放疗加化疗5例,单纯化疗2例,未治疗1例。放射治疗剂量为40-55Gy（1．8—2．0Gy／次,5次／周）,化疗采用CHOP方案1—4周期。结果5年生存率76．0％,10年生存率60．2％,2例患者死于远处转移。结论涎腺NHL以低度恶性淋巴瘤多见,术后放射治疗为主的局部治疗有较好效果。早、中期患者宜采用放射治疗,晚期患者以放疗加化疗为宜。     

涎腺恶性肿瘤107例临床疗效分析

本文对107例涎腺恶性肿瘤患者进行临床分析。属于Ⅲ、Ⅳ期的病人占85％。为术后放疗或化疗和单纯放疗两组,5年随访率为96.2％。3、5、10年的生存率分别为53.2％,39.2％和10.2％。单纯放疗组和术后加放疗化疗组的5年生存率分别为25.0％和50％。分析认为对腺样囊性癌、粘液表皮癌及肿瘤残存者应采用术后放疗。鳞状细胞癌和腺癌应加用化疗。涎腺癌除病变位于颌下者外,原则上不作选择性颈清扫。     

126例涎腺腺样囊性癌的疗效及预后因素

目的　总结头颈部涎腺腺样囊性癌的治疗效果,评价影响局部复发和生存的因素。方法　回顾性分析126 例涎腺腺样囊性癌的临床资料。结果　总的局部复发率为35 % 。放射治疗有效率为80 % 。总的5,10 及20 年累积生存率分别为81.7% ,63 .8% 及37 .0% ;无局部复发者5,10 及20 年累积生存率分别为87 .6% ,77 .0% 及73 .1% ;总的5,10 及20 年局部控制率分别为85.7% ,60.1% 及29.4 % 。区域淋巴结转移率为10 % ,肺转移率为24 % 。分析结果表明:治疗方式、病理类型及外科切缘与局部复发有着明显的关系,病理类型、外科切缘及区域淋巴结转移对生存有明显的影响,而肿瘤部位和临床分期对局部复发和累积生存均无影响。结论　涎腺腺样囊性癌发展病程较慢,外科是主要的治疗方式,放射治疗可以有效地控制病变的发展,对局部病变较晚和外科切缘阳性的患者需手术加放射治疗的综合治疗     

涎腺恶性肿瘤的综合治疗

目的：探讨影响涎腺恶性肿瘤术后放疗的疗效因素。方法：收集1983年10月至1993年2月收治的涎腺恶性肿瘤术后放疗患者29例,采用60Co、X线外照射28～76Gy。结果;本组5年生存率为48．28％,10年生存率为40．0％。手术完全切除与癌残留患者的5年生存率分别为81．82％和27．78％（P＜0．01）。结论：涎腺恶性肿瘤以手术加放疗为宜,疗效与手术是否完全切除及分期有关。     

涎腺恶性肿瘤174例疗效观察

目的 分析影响涎腺恶性肿瘤治疗疗效的因素.方法 本文回顾总结收治的涎腺恶性肿瘤174例患者的临床资料,患者先行接受手术治疗,术后大部分患者加用60Co、X线外照射28 ～76 Gy.结果 全组总的5a生存率为66.3％,10 a生存率为57.5％,15 a生存率为46.4％,20 a生存率为11.2％.术后放疗、手术完全切除、病变在腮腺和早期患者的预后较好,其5 a生存率高于单纯手术、肿瘤残留、病变在其他涎腺和晚期患者,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 涎腺恶性肿瘤以手术加放疗为宜,疗效与手术是否完全切除、病变部位及分期有关.     

涎腺恶性肿瘤不同治疗方法的评价

1988～1996年我科收治涎腺恶性肿瘤122例。随机分为综合治疗组(82例)和单纯手术组(38例),结果表明:综合治疗组的五年生存率及肿瘤局部控制率(79.2％;95.1％)比单纯手术组的(47.3％;71.0％)高;局部复发率及远处转移率(4.8％;3.6％)(28.9％;15.7％0)要低。     

食管癌术后放疗的疗效分析

目的　评价食管癌术后放疗的价值。方法　 1990～ 1992年 ,行根治性切除胸段食管癌 97例 ,其中单纯手术 49例 ,术后放疗 48例 ,同时合并化疗 10例。结果　单纯手术与术后放疗和/或化疗的 2年局部控制率分别为 5 9%和 89% ,5年生存率为 19%和 2 5 %。2年局部控制率术后放疗组显著高于手术组 (P<0 .0 1)。 5年生存率术后放疗虽优于单纯手术组 ,但差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　术后放疗是提高食管癌局部控制率的重要手段。     

T3～T4N0～N3期鼻咽癌单纯放疗疗效分析

目的 探讨不同T分期与N分期对局部晚期鼻咽癌单纯放疗疗效的影响。方法 回顾分析556例T3～T4N0～N3期（1992年福州分期）鼻咽癌初治患者临床资料。全组病例均采用面颈联合野照射技术给予单纯常规放疗。原发灶照射总剂量66～80Gy（6.5～8．0周完成），颈淋巴结转移灶照射总剂量60～70Gy（6～7周完成）。结果 全组病例5年总生存率为66．4％。T3期5年总生存率为69．1％，T4期的为59.0％（P〈0．05）；两者局部控制率、无瘤生存率、无复发生存率以及无转移生存率均无差别。N0、N1、N2、N3期的5年总生存率分别为74．0％、66．0％、57．6％、29．4％（P〈0．01），N分期越高复发率和远处转移率越高。结论 单纯常规放疗的局部晚期鼻咽癌患者中。N分期是影响疗效及预后的主要因素，T分期为次要因素。对不同N分期的局部晚期鼻咽癌患者进行分层放化疗，对于解决治疗失败的原因——复发与远处转移也许会起到积极和有效的作用。     

Treatment outcomes and prognostic features in adenoid cystic carcinoma originated from the head and neck

Surgery is the main treatment modality for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) originated from the head and neck. However, the extensive local infiltrative and perineural spread related to this malignancy often cause difficulty to achieve high tumor control. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) in ACC, and to identify prognostic variables associated with treatment outcomes. A retrospective review of 101 patients diagnosed with ACC in the head and neck region was performed. T stage distribution was T1, 25; T2, 35; T3, 18; and T4, 23 patients. All patients were grouped into two arms: surgery alone or combined with postoperative radiotherapy. The 5-year local-regional control (LRC), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates for all the patients were 70.5%, 91.7% and 63.2%, respectively. On univariant analysis, postoperative radiotherapy did improve the 5-year LRC and DFS compared to surgery alone (81.0% vs. 53.4%, p=0.0003 and 71.3% vs. 50.0%, p=0.0052, respectively). And patients with T1-T2 lesions achieved better treatment outcomes, whereas stage T3-T4 was associated with high local failure and poor disease-free survival. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that the addition of radiotherapy and early lesions were both favorite predictors for local control and survival rates. The prognosis for ACC of the head and neck was excellent. Surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy significantly reduced the local failure, and further improved disease-free survival. Nevertheless, the relatively high distant metastasis was an obstacle of curing the ACC patients.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤综合治疗疗效及失败模式分析

目的 分析嗅神经母细胞瘤单中心的治疗疗效及失败模式。方法 回顾性分析本院1979—2014年间初诊112例无远处转移嗅神经母细胞瘤病例,改良Kadish分期A期1例、B期23例、C期60例、D期28例。手术+术后放疗±化疗者51例,放疗±化疗者46例,术前放疗+手术±化疗者11例,手术±化疗者3例,单纯化疗者1例。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果 全组5年样本数44例, 5年OS和DFS分别为66%和55%,术前放疗+手术±化疗者分别为91%和82%,手术+术后放疗±化疗者分别为80%和66%,放疗±化疗者分别为46%和37%。3例单纯手术均出现复发,1例姑息化疗者生存时间为6个月。全组共47例治疗失败,失败率为42%,以远处转移为首次失败方式者占总失败的53%、局部区域复发占36%、同时存在局部区域复发及远处转移者为11%。结论 嗅神经母细胞瘤治疗仍推荐放疗+手术综合治疗方案。综合治疗模式下嗅神经母细胞瘤局部区域控制率及疗效尚可,主要失败方式为远处转移。     

蝶窦原发恶性肿瘤16例治疗分析

目的 分析原发蝶窦恶性肿瘤治疗结果。方法 回顾分析2000—2013年我院收治的原发蝶窦恶性肿瘤16例。初诊无颈部淋巴结发生转移。Ⅳ_A期1例, Ⅳ_B期15例。治疗方法包括手术+放疗11例、单纯手术1例、单纯放疗3例、单纯化疗1例。手术全部为减瘤手术。放疗中位剂量69.96 Gy (56.00~ 80.56 Gy)。结果 全组3年LC、DMFS、DFS、DSS分别为67%、69%、44%、58%, 减瘤术+放疗组分别为67%、55%、30%、41%。全部保留眶内容物及颅底。全组LR率25%, 远处转移率37%, 淋巴结复发率6%。预后分析未见与LC率及DSS相关因素。结论 蝶窦肿瘤经减瘤手术+术后放疗在保留眼眶及颅底前提下能取得良好疗效。蝶窦肿瘤治疗后淋巴结复发率低, 临床不建议常规颈部淋巴结预防照射。     

胸段食管鳞癌淋巴结转移数和区域与术后放疗价值的临床研究

目的 对胸段食管鳞癌根治术患者的淋巴结转移数和区域与术后放疗的疗效进行分析,评价术后放疗价值.方法 选择2007年前14年内我院胸段食管癌根治术后病理诊断鳞癌、淋巴结转移阳性及无远处血道转移的N_1期患者945例,其中单纯手术590例,术后放疗355例.术后3～4周开始2 Gy/次放疗,中位剂量50 Gy分25次5周完成.结果 随访率为94.5%,随访满5年者189例.5年生存率单纯手术组和术后放疗组分别为29.6%和38.0%(X~2=10.44,P=0.001).分层分析术后放疗较单纯手术可提高淋巴结转移数3～5个、>5个和仅有锁骨上区及上纵隔区淋巴结转移的5年生存率(30.5%:23.1%,χ~2=4.11,P=0.043;16.7%:8.9%,χ~2=6.87,P=0.009;45.5%:34.9%,χ~2=5.37,P=0.020),而不能提高淋巴结转移数1～2个和仅有中下纵隔及上腹部区淋巴结转移的生存率(50.7%:41.2%,χ~2=3.30,P=0.069;32.0%:27.7%,χ~2=2.22,P=0.137),但可降低锁骨上区及中上纵隔区淋巴结转移例数(15:76,χ~2=18.10,P=0.000;18:97,χ~2=26.81,P=0.000).结论 N_1期胸段食管鳞癌三野根治术后放疗可提高淋巴结转移数≥13个和仪有锁骨上区及上纵隔区淋巴结转移者的生存率,并能降低锁骨上区及中上纵隔区淋巴结转移率.     

非小细胞肺癌术后三维适形放疗与常规放疗结果比较

目的 回顾性比较非小细胞肺癌术后三维适形放疗(3DCRT)和常规放疗的疗效、失败模式及副反应.方法 分析3年余接受术后放疗的ⅠB～ⅢB期非小细胞肺癌患者162例,其中86例采用3DCRT,76例采用常规放疗.结果 总随访率91.5%,3DCRT和常规放疗的中位随访时间分别为29.4个月和33.8个月.3DCRT和常规放疗的1、2、3年无局部进展生存率分别为97.5%、83.2%、83.2%和84.3%、76.0%、65.6%(χ2=5.46,P=0.019),总生存率、无疾病进展生存率和无远转生存率均相似;总局部区域失败率分别为14.5%和33.3%(χ2=7.70 P=0.006),远处转移率两组相似.2～3级放射性肺炎发生率3DCRT显著低于常规放疗(11.6%:23.7% χ2=4.10,P=0.043).结论 术后放疗采用3DCRT技术比常规放疗技术能提高局部控制率,降低放疗相关副反应发生率.     

Treatment of locally advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck with neutron radiotherapy

PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of fast neutron radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced and/or recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck and to identify prognostic variables associated with local-regional control and survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred fifty-nine patients with nonmetastatic, previously unirradiated, locally advanced, and/or recurrent adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck region were treated with fast neutron radiotherapy during the years 1985-1997. One hundred fifty-one patients had either unresectable disease, or gross residual disease (GRD) after an attempted surgical extirpation. Eight patients had microscopic residual disease and were analyzed separately. Sixty-two percent of patients had tumors arising in minor salivary glands, 29% in major salivary glands, and 9% in other sites such as the lacrimal glands, tracheal-bronchial tree, etc. Fifty-five percent of patients were treated for postsurgical recurrent disease and 13% of patients had lymph node involvement at the time of treatment. The median duration of follow-up was 32 months (range 3-142 months). Actuarial curves for survival, cause-specific survival, local-regional control, and the development of distant metastases are presented for times out to 11 years. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial local-regional tumor control rate for the 151 patients with GRD was 57%; the 5-year actuarial overall survival rate was 72%; and the 5-year actuarial cause-specific survival rate was 77%. Variables associated with decreased local-regional control in the patients with GRD as determined by multivariate analysis included base of skull involvement (p < 0.01) and biopsy only versus an attempted surgical resection prior to treatment (p = 0.03). Patients without these negative factors had an actuarial local-regional control rate of 80% at 5 years. Patients with microscopic residual disease (n = 8) had a 5-year actuarial local-regional control rate of 100%. Base of skull involvement (p < 0.001), lymph node metastases at the time of treatment (p < 0.01), biopsy only prior to neutron radiotherapy (p = 0.03), and recurrent tumors (p = 0.04) were found to be associated with a diminished cause-specific survival as ascertained by multivariate analysis. Patients with base of skull involvement and positive lymph nodes at presentation had an increased rate of the development of distant metastases at 5 years, (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). No statistical difference in outcome was observed between major and minor salivary gland sites. CONCLUSIONS: Fast neutron radiotherapy is an effective treatment for locally advanced ACC of the head and neck region with acceptable toxicity. Further improvements in local-regional control are not likely to impact survival until more effective systemic agents are developed to prevent and/or treat distant metastatic disease.     

16例原发腮腺鳞癌的治疗与预后

目的回顾分析16例腮腺鳞癌的临床特点和治疗结果,研究原发腮腺鳞癌预后影响因素及恰当的治疗方案。方法搜集1984-2005年收治并经病理证实的原发腮腺鳞癌16例,其中T1期2例,T2期5例,T3期5例,T4期4例。NO期10例,N＋期6例,单一手段治疗组6例（单纯手术5例,单纯放疗1例）,综合治疗组（手术加放疗）10例。结果全组患者在病程中出现颈部淋巴结转移的概率为75%（12/16）,全组3和5年局部控制率、总生存率、无瘤生存率分别为45%和30%、58%和58%、36%和27%。T1～T2和T3～T4期的5年生存分别为100%和29%,（X^2=4．50,P= 0．034）。NO和N＋期的3年总生存率分别为80%和20%（X^2=8．70,P=0．003）,无瘤生存率分别为54%和0（X^2=9．83,P=0．002）。结论原发腮腺鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移概率和局部复发率均高,应该采用手术加放射的综合治疗;N＋期患者术后应该给予同侧全颈及锁骨上区放疗;手术治疗时未行颈清扫者应行同侧全颈及锁骨上区预防照射。     

Radiotherapy for postmastectomy local-regional recurrent breast cancer

From 1980 to 1989, 70 women with postmastectomy local-regional recurrent breast cancer and no clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis were treated with radiotherapy with or without systemic therapy. The interval from mastectomy to local-regional recurrence ranged from 5 to 240 months (median, 34 months). The chest wall alone was involved in 37 patients, the supraclavicular area in 12 patients, the internal mammary node area in 3 patients, the infraclavicular area in 2, and the axilla in 1. Fifteen patients had multiple areas of involvement. The complete response rate was 87%. Further local-regional recurrence developed in at least 21 patients, and distant metastasis developed in at least 41 patients. Twenty-five patients (36%) survived at least 5 years and 15 patients (21%) survived at least 10 years. An initial negative node status and long disease-free interval from mastectomy to recurrence were associated with an improved postrecurrence survival. Patients with local-regional recurrence postmastectomy who do not have clinical or radiographic evidence of distant metastasis should be treated aggressively with radiotherapy with or without systemic therapy. Distant metastasis will develop in most such patients, but the majority will remain free of further local-regional recurrence.     

术后放疗对局部淋巴结阳性行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者临床预后的影响

目的 研究术后放疗对局部淋巴结阳性行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者临床预后的影响.方法 选择行保乳手术治疗并且出现局部淋巴结转移的84例乳腺癌患者,均于保乳手术后进行放疗.观察患者的5年和10年生存率、无瘤生存率、无远处转移生存率、无局部复发生存率;并分析影响预后的因素.结果 患者的5年生存率为97.62%、无远处转移生存率为95.24%、无瘤生存率为94.05%、无局部复发生存率为95.24%;10年生存率为86.90%、无远处转移生存率为85.71%、无瘤生存率为82.14%、无局部复发生存率为85.71%.经过单因素分析发现,有无术后辅助化疗、有无术后放疗以及清扫淋巴结总数均为影响局部复发的危险因素;经过多因素COX回归分析发现,术后放疗是降低局部复发的惟一影响因素.结论 术后放疗有利于改善局部淋巴结阳性行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者的临床预后情况,可以有效提高生存率,降低局部复发率,在保乳术后具有重要作用,值得应用推广.