骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨截骨治疗儿童发育性髋脱位

目的评估骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨截骨治疗儿童发育性髋脱位的疗效。方法采用切开复位骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨短缩内翻去旋转截骨治疗52例发育性髋脱位患儿(58髋)。术后2年根据Severin影像学标准和McKay功能标准进行疗效评定。结果患儿均获得随访,时间25～80个月。术后2年,根据Severin影像学标准评价疗效:优36例,良15例,可4髋,差3髋;根据McKay功能标准评价疗效:优41髋,良14髋,可3髋。结论应用切开复位骨盆Salter截骨联合股骨截骨可以有效治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位,但仍存在术后股骨头坏死情况,术前正确评估和手术精准操作是预防并发症的关键。     

大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的手术治疗

目的 总结不同手术方法治疗大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的疗效.方法 1985年至2005年期间分别采用Salter截骨术、Pemberton截骨术和髋臼造盖成形术治疗6～15岁发育性髋关节脱位患儿56例(62髋).结果 31例(33髋)获平均8.5年(2.5～15年)随访,根据周永德疗效评定标准,优17髋、良11髋、中2髋、差3髋,总优良率为85%.Salter骨盆截骨术组优良率为87%;Pemberton截骨术组优良率为83%,1例股骨头坏死;髋臼造盖成形术组优良率为85%,1例股骨头坏死,1例严重髋关节僵硬;同时行股骨粗隆下截骨的22例(23髋)中无一例发生股骨头坏死和术后脱位.结论 正确选择术式是大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位获得良好疗效的关键,术式的选择主要根据病理变化和年龄.股骨粗隆下截骨能有效降低头臼压力,减少股骨头坏死和再脱位发生率.     

大龄难治性发育性髋关节脱位的联合手术治疗

目的探讨大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位的手术方法及临床效果。方法对16例7～16岁大龄发育性髋关节脱位患儿(18髋)采用"切开复位+股骨转子下缩短旋转截骨+骨盆内移旋转截骨+髋臼成形"的联合手术治疗。结果术后2个月摄片复查髋关节复位位置好,股骨头及髋臼形态基本正常。骨盆截骨植入骨块及股骨缩短旋转截骨断端已骨性愈合。髋臼骨质与周围骨质密度基本一致,无坏死征象。患儿均获随访,时间1～7年。按疗效评定标准:优11髋,良6髋,差1髋。结论联合手术是治疗大龄发育性髋关节脱位较有效的方法。     

联合截骨术治疗学龄前儿童髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合Salter骨盆截骨术治疗学龄前儿重髋关节发育不良（DDH）的疗效.方法 2006年1月至2012年6月,对22例（22髋）学龄前儿童DDH患者施行股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合Salter骨盆截骨手术.根据Crowe分型,6例为Ⅲ型,16例为Ⅳ型.采用周永德等DDH疗效评定标准对术后疗效进行评价.结果 22例（22髋）术后随访6～24个月,平均14个月.所有患者术后切口无感染,无神经、血管损伤,无一例发生股骨头坏死及术后脱位,无髋关节疼痛.根据周永德等DDH疗效评定标准,优16例,良4例,可2例,优良率为90.9％.结论 股骨粗隆下短缩、旋转截骨联合髋关节切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗学龄前儿童DDH,可有效重建髋关节功能,是一种理想的治疗方法.     

Salter截骨术与股骨近端旋转截骨治疗小儿发育性髋脱位

[目的]探讨应用Salter骨盆截骨与股骨近端旋转截骨术式治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位。[方法]运用Salter截骨增加关节包容,截骨纠正股骨近端畸形。对16例26髋进行了联合手术。分析治疗结果。[结果]所有病例均在术后得到随访,按M ckay临床评价标准,优16髋,良6髋,中3髋,差1髋。[结论]该联合术式针对发育性髋脱位的病理,经骨盆及股骨近端截骨,获得稳定、功能良好的关节。     

改良髋臼周围截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位

目的 :探讨改良髋臼周围截骨术式治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位。方法 :采用髋臼周围截骨术联合髋臼加盖术 ,截骨端以楔形骨块充分植骨治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位 3 7例 47髋。结果 :随访 3 0例 ,3 8髋。随访 1 5～ 5年 ,平均 3 2年。按周永德评定标准 ,优 3 1髋 ,良 6髋 ,可 1髋。结论 :改良髋臼周围截骨术是治疗发育性髋关节脱位较理想的方法     

联合术式合并异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的探讨联合术式合并异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位(DDH)的手术方法及疗效。方法对48例小儿DDH患者(56髋)行软组织松解、股骨上段截骨、Salter或Pemberton髂骨截骨及异体肌腱移植、重建圆韧带术治疗,测定并对比手术前后的AI、CE角等指标,采用Severin影像学及McKay临床疗效评价标准评价疗效。结果 AI由术前36.2°~58.1°降低至11.4°~21.3°,CE角由术前-10°~-50°提高至12°~45°,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患儿均获随访,时间1~4年。根据Severin X线评定标准:优30髋(53.6%),良21髋(37.5%),可5髋(8.9%)。根据McKay临床疗效评定标准:优29髋(51.8%),良20髋(35.7%),可4髋(7.1%),差3髋(5.4%)。结论联合术式结合异体肌腱重建圆韧带治疗DDH有利于提高成功率、减少并发症,但须强调联合化及个体化原则。     

切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位的近期疗效评价

[目的]评价切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋关节脱位术后的近期疗效。[方法]回顾性分析本组39例(43髋)发育性髋关节脱位患儿行切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术后的基本资料。其中男7例,女32例;右髋7例,左髋28例,双髋4例。脱位程度按照Tonnis分级:Ⅰ度1髋,Ⅱ度11髋,Ⅲ度17髋,Ⅳ度14髋。测量髋臼指数(acetabular index,AI)、CE角(center-edge angle,CEA)和髋关节活动度,并在末次随访时,分别按Severin影像学评级标准和Mckay功能评级标准进行疗效评定。所有病例平均随访15.5个月。[结果]本组病例中,术后1髋出现半脱位,无股骨头缺血性坏死。末次随访时,AI平均22.6°,CEA平均29.1°,均较术前获得明显改善(P<0.05);患侧髋关节活动度基本恢复正常。按Severin标准评级,优良率为95.4%;按Mckay标准评级,优良率为93.0%;Severin标准影像学评级与Mckay标准功能评级间存在正相关,r=0.73(P<0.05)。[结论]切开复位、Salter骨盆截骨术后,脱位的股骨头能获得稳定的中心性复位,头臼包容改善并逐渐趋于正常。术后中短期的影像学改变与临床疗效具有一致性,影像学改变越满意,髋关节功能恢复越好。     

Salter骨盆截骨+股骨转子下短缩旋转截骨术治疗儿童发育性髋脱位

目的探讨Salter骨盆截骨+股骨短缩旋转截骨治疗儿童发育性髋脱位的疗效。方法对21例发育性髋脱位患儿采用Salter骨盆截骨+股骨短缩旋转截骨治疗,观察患儿治疗前后的髋臼指数,评价髋关节功能优良率,评价头、臼形态与相互关系及测量C-E角的优良率。结果患儿获得1～4年随访。治疗后患者的髋臼指数为21. 57±0. 24,明显低于治疗前的35. 02±0. 95(P 0. 05)。髋关节功能优良率治疗后1年为20/21(95. 24%),明显高于治疗前的3/21(14. 29%)(P 0. 01)。头、臼形态与相互关系及测量C-E角的优良率治疗后为19/21(90. 48%),明显高于治疗前的2/21(9. 52%)(P 0. 01)。结论 Salter骨盆截骨+股骨短缩旋转截骨治疗儿童发育性髋脱位具有显著的临床效果。     

Salter骨盆截骨和股骨旋转截骨治疗小儿髋关节发育不良

目的分析Salter骨盆截骨术和股骨旋转截骨术治疗小儿髋关节发育不良的中远期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2010年12月至2016年12月收治的18例(24髋)先天性髋关节脱位的患儿,其中男8例9髋,女10例15髋;年龄0.5～6岁,平均(3.2±0.3)岁。所有患儿均行Salter骨盆截骨及股骨小粗隆下旋转截骨手术治疗。结果 18例病例均获随访,随访时间1～36个月,平均为20个月。所有患儿切口一期甲级愈合,术后石膏或支具固定8～12周。其中,股骨头恢复中心复位16例22髋,1例1髋髋臼发育不良伴关节僵硬,1例1髋发生股骨头坏死。采用Makay改良DDH疗效评定法进行评定,术后疗效评定结果为:优14例18髋,良2例3髋,中1例2髋,差1例1髋。结论小儿髋关节发育不良患儿应用Salter骨盆截骨术及股骨粗隆下旋转截骨手术治疗,均可使患儿患肢功能得到明显改善,显著提高患儿生活质量,降低致残率的发生,具有术后并发症少以及康复锻炼效果良好等优点。并且符合现代骨科追求矫正畸形的理念,术后效果确切,笔者认为值得在临床上广泛推广应用。     

Salter截骨联合股骨转子下截骨对髋关节发育的影响

目的探讨Salter截骨联合股骨转子下截骨对髋关节发育的影响。方法对51例（59髋）发育性髋关节发良不良行Salter截骨联合股骨转子下旋转、短缩截骨治疗。测量术前、术后X线片臼头指数、CE角、髋臼指数、患、健侧股骨头骨化中心直径比率（FHDR）,比较术前、术后变化。结果随访1～5年,经Salter截骨联合股骨转子下旋转、短缩截骨治疗后,臼头指数、CE角、髋臼指数及患、健侧FHDR都有明显改善,尤其是在术后2～3年变化最为显著。疗效：优66.1%（39/59）,良27.1%（16/59）,可6.8%（4/59）,优良率93.2%。结论Salter截骨联合股骨转子下截骨是一种早期治疗发育性髋关节发育不良疗效良好、可靠的手术方法。     

One-stage hip reconstruction in late neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip presenting in children above 8 years of age

Purpose  To assess the clinical and radiological results of one-stage hip reconstruction for late neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in children above 8 years of age. Methods  Nineteen hips in 16 patients, 14 females and two males (three being bilateral), were treated by open reduction adequate shortening (up to 5 cm) with derotation, and limited varization if needed, tight capsulorrhaphy, and appropriate pelvic reconstruction (Salter or triple acetabular osteotomy). The average age at operation 10.6 years (range 8–18 years). The period of follow up ranged from 3 to 9 years. A modified approach for the hip joint and upper femur was utilized, allowing better exposure. Pre- and post-operative plain radiography was performed for all cases and at follow up. Computed tomography (CT) or multislice CT with 3D reconstruction were carried out pre-operatively for recent cases and post-operatively for all, and were found to be helpful in providing a panorama of the dysplastic hip and in planning the required surgery and assessing the results. Results  According to the McKay modified criteria, 15 hips (79%) were clinically excellent to good, while four hips (21%) were fair to poor. Radiographically, according to the Severin modified criteria, 16 hips (84%) were excellent to good and three hips (16%) were fair to poor. Limb length discrepancy ranged from 0.5 to 2.1 cm, as measured by CT scanograms. Complications were avascular necrosis (AVN) in an early case due to limited femoral shortening with resultant excessive stress over the femoral head and subluxation in another case. Conclusion  A one-stage hip reconstruction for late neglected cases of DDH have achieved excellent results if adequate shortening with derotation is performed, together with appropriate acetabular reconstruction and tight capsulorrhaphy. Varization should not replace part or all of the required shortening, and should be added if required.     

髋臼成形术并股骨近端旋转截骨治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位

目的：评估髋臼成形术并股骨近端旋转截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位的临床效果。方法：本组患儿48例,男12例,女36例,年龄2．6—8．5岁,平均5．4岁。采用S—P切口,切开关节囊,清理真臼内软组织,复位股骨头;股骨近端旋转截骨,纠正前倾角;髋臼缘上方沿关节囊附着点行弧形截骨,髂骨块植入截骨处,增加股骨头的包容。结果：48例患儿经1．6-5．6年的随访,按照周永德先天性髋脱位疗效评定标准,优32例,良16例,可3例,差4例,手术优良率为86．8％。结论：髋臼成形术并股骨近端旋转截骨是治疗小儿发育性髋关节脱位的一种较为有效的方法。     

Intraoperative instability for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children 12 to 18 months of age as a guide to Salter osteotomy

There is still debate on the necessity of Salter osteotomy for developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) between 12 and 18 months of age. The goals of this study were to investigate the correlating factors of intraoperative instability as a guide to the additional Salter osteotomy and to evaluate the radiographic and clinical results. Stability could not be achieved in 63% of 84 hips with soft-tissue releases alone. The existence of three pathologic findings (grade of dislocation, inverted labrum, and excessive anteversion) and absence of two surgical procedures (transverse acetabular ligament incision and iliopsoas osteotomy) significantly correlates with instability. At follow-up, the acetabular remodeling with or without Salter osteotomy was similar. We conclude that the Salter osteotomy does not interfere with the acetabular remodeling and has no major disadvantages for children at that age but can help to improve the stability of the hip.     

Late-diagnosed DDH: a prospective 11-year follow-up of 71 consecutive patients (75 hips)

I have prospectively studied 71 consecutive patients (75 hips) with late-diagnosed DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) treated uniformly with special reference to the development of the femoral head and the acetabulum. The age at the start of treatment was 10 (2-64) months. The follow-up time was 11 (6-18) years. After tenotomy and traction, closed reduction failed in 7 hips. These cases were treated by open reduction with or without Salter innominate osteotomy-in 2 hips femoral osteotomy was also done (shortening, varus and derotation). 1 hip subluxated and 1 re-dislocated after closed reduction. Avascular necrosis occurred in 4 hips and additional surgery was required in 12 hips--11 Salter osteotomies, 1 varus femoral osteotomy. In the first year after reduction, the acetabular angle improved rapidly--faster in the younger children. When treatment started between 12 and 22 months, the improvement was slower and the final outcome more unpredictable. The femoral head continued to grow irrespective of the age at reduction and became normal in almost all cases. Salter's innominate osteotomy stabilized hips after open reduction and gave excellent results in cases with an increasing acetabular angle. At the last re-examination, all but 2 patients were asymptomatic. Radiographically, 65 hips were rated Severin group I, 9 group II and 1 group III.     

Late-diagnosed DDH: A prospective 11-year follow-up of 71 consecutive patients (75 hips)

I have prospectively studied 71 consecutive patients (75 hips) with late-diagnosed DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) treated uniformly with special reference to the development of the femoral head and the acetabulum. The age at the start of treatment was 10 (2-64) months. The follow-up time was 11 (6-18) years. After tenotomy and traction, closed reduction failed in 7 hips. These cases were treated by open reduction with or without Salter innominate osteotomy - in 2 hips femoral osteotomy was also done (shortening, varus and derotation). 1 hip subluxated and 1 re-dislocated after closed reduction. Avascular necrosis occurred in 4 hips and additional surgery was required in 12 hips - 11 Salter osteotomies, 1 varus femoral osteotomy. In the first year after reduction, the acetabular angle improved rapidly - faster in the younger children. When treatment started between 12 and 22 months, the improvement was slower and the final outcome more unpredictable. The femoral head continued to grow irrespective of the age at reduction and became normal in almost all cases. Salter's innominate osteotomy stabilized hips after open reduction and gave excellent results in cases with an increasing acetabular angle. At the last re-examination, all but 2 patients were asymptomatic. Radiographically, 65 hips were rated Severin group I, 9 group II and 1 group III.     

Late-diagnosed DDH: A prospective 11-year follow-up of 71 consecutive patients (75 hips)

I have prospectively studied 71 consecutive patients (75 hips) with late-diagnosed DDH (developmental dysplasia of the hip) treated uniformly with special reference to the development of the femoral head and the acetabulum. The age at the start of treatment was 10 (2-64) months. The follow-up time was 11 (6-18) years. After tenotomy and traction, closed reduction failed in 7 hips. These cases were treated by open reduction with or without Salter innominate osteotomy - in 2 hips femoral osteotomy was also done (shortening, varus and derotation). 1 hip subluxated and 1 re-dislocated after closed reduction. Avascular necrosis occurred in 4 hips and additional surgery was required in 12 hips - 11 Salter osteotomies, 1 varus femoral osteotomy. In the first year after reduction, the acetabular angle improved rapidly - faster in the younger children. When treatment started between 12 and 22 months, the improvement was slower and the final outcome more unpredictable. The femoral head continued to grow irrespective of the age at reduction and became normal in almost all cases. Salter's innominate osteotomy stabilized hips after open reduction and gave excellent results in cases with an increasing acetabular angle. At the last re-examination, all but 2 patients were asymptomatic. Radiographically, 65 hips were rated Severin group I, 9 group II and 1 group III.     

骨盆Salter截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位的原因分析

目的探讨骨盆Salter截骨治疗发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位的原因。方法采用骨盆Salter截骨治疗63例儿童发育性髋关节脱位。7例术后发生渐发脱位,分析其发生原因。结果患儿均获得随访,时间12~89个月。术后发生渐发脱位7例中,3例因术后关节囊松弛,不能有效维持关节稳定性,通过佩带髋外展支具后髋关节恢复稳定;2例因术中骨盆截骨旋转角度过大,髋臼后方包容欠佳,术后髋臼软骨发育不良,再次行骨盆Pemberton截骨关节囊紧缩修复矫正;2例因术前合并多关节松弛症,关节稳定性相对较差,术后并发Perthes病行髋臼周围截骨手术矫正治疗。结论儿童发育性髋关节脱位术后渐发脱位与患者自身合并疾病、髋关节病变程度、手术操作等因素均有密切关系,准确的术前评估、适合的手术方式、精确的手术操作、术后早期干预治疗是防治术后渐发脱位的有效方法。     

Results of hip surgical reconstruction in congenital dislocation of the hip in children]

The paper presents a series of 51 hips (5 boys, 33 girls) that underwent reconstructive surgery because of congenital hip dislocation. Surgical treatment involved a one-stage procedure, consisting of correction of the proximal femur position and acetabuloplasty. Acetabulum reconstruction was achieved by using one of three methods: Pemberton osteotomy, Salter osteotomy and a "shelf-type" acetabuloplasty. Excellent and good results were found in 84% of the cases under 4 years of age, irrespective of the acetabuloplasty implemented.