钙拮抗剂对大鼠腹部皮瓣抗氧化作用的研究

Objective　To observe the protective effect of calcium antagonist on the ischemia - reperfusion injury in rat abdominal skin flap.Methods　33 SD rats were randomized into three groups. The abdominal island flap based on the inferior epigastric vessels was used as the ischemia - reperfusion model. In the control group, normal saline was given intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days preoperatively, while Verapamil (Ver) and Tetrandcin (Tet) were given in the other two groups respectively. Samples from the flap were harvested during ischemia and reperfusion periods to measure the changes of superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity,glutathione peroxidase （GSH - Px） activity and malonyl dialdehyde （MDA） content. Results　SOD activity and GSH - Px activity were much higher in the Ver and Tet groups than in the control group, while the MDA content was remarkably decreased in these two groups.Conclusions　Calcium antagonist, Verapamil and Tetrandcin, plays an important role in oxygen free radical scavenging and in reducing lipid peroxidation.     

小切口治疗腕管综合征14例报告

Objective　To introduce the technique of carpal tunnel release by small incision,and evaluate its outcome in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.Methods　This method was applied in the operations of 14 cases of carpal tunnel syndrome.An incision 1.5 cm in length was made at the level of the proximal transverse wrist crease ulnar to the palmaris longus tendon.The proximal margin of the transverse carpal ligament was visualized and the ligament was cut subcutaneously under direct vision.The flexor digitorum tendons were retracted and the edematous synovium excised.Results　Follow - up of the patients 2 weeks postoperatively showed that the symptoms of numbess and pain disappeared in all 14 cases.Normal 2 - PD in the pulp of the thumb,index finger and long finger was ＜ 4 mm.One year after the operation,muscle atrophy in 5 patients who sustained preoperative thenar muscle atrophy was greatly improved with recovery of normal opponens function of the thumb.No pillar pain and injury of the ulnar nerve and superficial palmar arch was found.Conclusion　Carpal tunnel release under direct vision through a small incision is a new and effective surgical procedure.     

新型外固定在鹰嘴骨折治疗中的应用

Objective　To introduce a new device of external fixator for olecranon fracture,and evaluate its clinical treatment outcome.Methods　After close reduction under the supervision of the image intensifier,15 cases of olecranon fracture have been treated by the external fixator of self-design.The patients were followed for 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively.Results　Clinical observation and follow-up revealed that all these fractures healed up well with full recovery of elbow joint function.The average period for bony union was 7 weeks,ranging from 6 to 8 weeks.Normal range of motion of the elbow joint was regained,without any complications.Conclusions　This kind of external fixator used for olecranon fractures showed the advantages of minimal invasiveness,simple manipulation, reliable fixation,early post-operative joint movement,and no need for implant removal procedures.The author believes it is worth introduction and using clinically.     

The first metatarsal web space： its applied anatomy and usage in tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery in thumb reconstruction

Objective: To clarify the anatomical relationship of the structures in the first toe webbing space for better dissection of toes in thumb reconstruction. Methods : The first dorsal metatarsal artery, the first deep transverse metatarsal ligament and the extensor expansion were observed on 42 adult cadaveric lower extremities. Clinically the method of tracing the first dorsal metatarsal artery around the space of the extensor expansion was used in 36 cases of thumb reconstruction. Results: The distal segments of the first dorsal metatarsal artery of Gilbert types I and II were located superficially to the extensor expansion. The harvesting time of a toe was shortened from 90 minutes to 50 minutes with 100% survival of reconstructed fingers. Conclusions: The distal segment of the first dorsal metatarsal artery lies constantly at the superficial layer of the extensor expansion. Most of the first metatarsal arteries of Gilbert types I and II can be easily located via the combined sequential and reverse dissection around the space of the extensor expansion.     

拇手指再造供区(足母)趾坏死的原因及预防措施

Objective To analyze the causes of necrosis of the donor great toe in 3 cases of toe-to-hand transfer and propose the proper preventive measures.Methods Among all the toe-to-hand transfers done from February 1998 to February 2005, partial necrosis of the donor great toe occurred in 3 cases.Blood supply of the transferred toe and the intraoperative vessel occlusion test was reviewed and analyzed to define causes of the necrosis, and propose preventive measures accordingly.Results The dorsal artery of the great toe was type Ⅲ in all 3 cases.Intraoperatively the second toe was harvested based on the dorsalis pedis artery, deep plantar artery, plantar artery of the first toe.Donor great toe necrosis was observed 8 to 21 hours postoperatively.Intraoperative inadvertent injury of the dorsal great toe fibular artery and fibular plantar metatarsal artery, tight dressing of the donor site after the surgery, and poor postoperative monitoring could have contributed to the toe necrosis.Conclusion Type Ⅲ of the dorsal artery of the great toe, anatomical X cross and resection of the second toe could easily affect blood supply to the donor great toe.Anastomosis of the deep plantar artery and the plantar metatarsal artery, or harvest of the toe based on the dorsalis pedis artery, second dorsal metatarsal artery,digital artery axis can effectively prevent damage of the blood flow.Intra-and post-operative close monitoring of the donor site circulation and timely decompression of the great toe were effective ways to prevent great toe necrosis.     

拇手指再造供区(足母)趾坏死的原因及预防措施

Objective To analyze the causes of necrosis of the donor great toe in 3 cases of toe-to-hand transfer and propose the proper preventive measures.Methods Among all the toe-to-hand transfers done from February 1998 to February 2005, partial necrosis of the donor great toe occurred in 3 cases.Blood supply of the transferred toe and the intraoperative vessel occlusion test was reviewed and analyzed to define causes of the necrosis, and propose preventive measures accordingly.Results The dorsal artery of the great toe was type Ⅲ in all 3 cases.Intraoperatively the second toe was harvested based on the dorsalis pedis artery, deep plantar artery, plantar artery of the first toe.Donor great toe necrosis was observed 8 to 21 hours postoperatively.Intraoperative inadvertent injury of the dorsal great toe fibular artery and fibular plantar metatarsal artery, tight dressing of the donor site after the surgery, and poor postoperative monitoring could have contributed to the toe necrosis.Conclusion Type Ⅲ of the dorsal artery of the great toe, anatomical X cross and resection of the second toe could easily affect blood supply to the donor great toe.Anastomosis of the deep plantar artery and the plantar metatarsal artery, or harvest of the toe based on the dorsalis pedis artery, second dorsal metatarsal artery,digital artery axis can effectively prevent damage of the blood flow.Intra-and post-operative close monitoring of the donor site circulation and timely decompression of the great toe were effective ways to prevent great toe necrosis.     

逆行桡侧小鱼际皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of reverse radial hypothenar flap for finger soft tissue defect. Methods From Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 13 cases (14fingers) with finger soft tissue defects were treated with reverse radial hypothenar flaps pedicled with ulnar palmar digital artery of little finger. The defects were 1.9 cm× 1. 5cm -4. 0 cm× 2. 0 cm in size. The flap size ranged from 1.5cm× 2.0 cm to 4. 0 cm × 2. 0 cm. Results All the flaps survived completely with primary healing both in donor and recipient area. 12 cases(13 fingers)were followed up for 1-3 years. The flaps color was similar to the unaffected fingers. Cicatricial contracture happened in one case due to contracture of palmar fascia.The two-point discrimination distance on flap was 3.2-5. 3mm. The active and passive movement of finger joints was evaluated as excellent in 12 fingers, good in one finger. There was no complaint about the feeling at the donor site. Two months after operation, all patients could go back to work. Conclusions The reverse radial hypothenar flap is very suitable for finger soft tissue defect with less morbidity to donor site.     

逆行桡侧小鱼际皮瓣修复手指软组织缺损

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of reverse radial hypothenar flap for finger soft tissue defect. Methods From Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 13 cases (14fingers) with finger soft tissue defects were treated with reverse radial hypothenar flaps pedicled with ulnar palmar digital artery of little finger. The defects were 1.9 cm× 1. 5cm -4. 0 cm× 2. 0 cm in size. The flap size ranged from 1.5cm× 2.0 cm to 4. 0 cm × 2. 0 cm. Results All the flaps survived completely with primary healing both in donor and recipient area. 12 cases(13 fingers)were followed up for 1-3 years. The flaps color was similar to the unaffected fingers. Cicatricial contracture happened in one case due to contracture of palmar fascia.The two-point discrimination distance on flap was 3.2-5. 3mm. The active and passive movement of finger joints was evaluated as excellent in 12 fingers, good in one finger. There was no complaint about the feeling at the donor site. Two months after operation, all patients could go back to work. Conclusions The reverse radial hypothenar flap is very suitable for finger soft tissue defect with less morbidity to donor site.     

腓动脉穿支腓肠神经营养血管游离皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

Objective To report the operative techniques and clinical results of the free psroneal artery perforator sural neurecutanecus flaps. Methods Free sural neurocutaneous flap with a single unit of perforating veins and artery arising from the peroneal artery was designed to repair skin defects of hand or from the ankle to distal end of the foot. After the flap was transposed to the defect, the perforating artery was anastomozed with a branch of a nearby artery, and the small saphenoas vein was anastomosed with the cephalic vein or the great sapheneous vein to establish the flap's circulation. An alternative way was to anastomose the perforating vessels only. The sural nerve was anastomosed to innervate the flap. Results From Jan 2005 to Dec 2007, 12 cases were treated with the flaps with no flap necrosis. The size of the flaps ranged from 12 crux7 cm to 18 cm× 11 cm. The follow-up period was 7 to 27 months. Both the cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Two point discrimination was 7 ～ 12 mm. Conclusions The flap has all the advantages of the h'ee flap, the perforator flap and the neurocutaneous flap. It is easily performed with reliable blood supply. It's a good choice for repairing the skin defects of hands and feet.     

Flag flap - Kite flap Dorsal metacarpal flap

The flag flap is a pedicled dorsal digital flap, combining a skin paddle (the “flag”) and a vascular pedicle (the flag “pole”). Its vascularisation depends on the dorsal metacarpal arteries (DMCA). It has been described in 1963, by Holevitch [1] with harvest of a cutaneovascular pole; it has been brilliantly modified in 1979 by Foucher et al. [2–4] under the form of a unipedicled “kite” flap, although we would like to point out that Vilain has been using it since 1952 [5]. Usually harvested from the dorsum of the metacarpophalangeal region of the index finger, this flap is reliable, but it is more uncertain and less movable at the level of the other digits. Owing to its small size, it proves useful in hand traumatology because it does not sacrifice any major vascular axis. The kite flap is considered as a sensory flap (presence of a nerve supply) with a two-point discrimination, which can be assessed from 11 to 16 mm [1–6].     

V-Y advancement flap out of an existing flap

A case is reported in which a large V-Y flap was fashioned out of a flap already present over the dorsum of the hand, to cover a defect created adjacent to it. The V-Y advancement appeared more effective to fill the defect than the traditional method of mobilisation of a part of the flap achieved by dissecting it from its base.     

吻合血管的足底内侧及足内侧双叶皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道游离足底内侧及足内侧双叶皮瓣修复手部皮肤缺损的手术方法及临床效果,方法,在解剖研究的基础上设计以足底内侧血管为主干,带其主干支及足内侧区皮穿支构成足底内侧非负重区,足内侧区双叶皮瓣,游离移植同时修复手或手指两处皮肤缺损。     

Transformation of the glabellar flap into an island flap

Summary Glabellar flaps have traditionally been used to cover nasal skin and soft tissue defects. The narrowing of its vascular pedicle to the cutaneous arterial branch of the angular artery categorizing it as an axial flap pattern. Three cases are presented, the first of which typifies the standard glabellar flap with an intact skin and subcutaneous pedicle. The other two cases utilize a glabellar island flap based on a subcutaneous pedicle containing cutaneous arterial branch of the angular artery. This technique extends the mobility of this flap to allow one-stage reconstruction of adjacent defects.     

乳突区双叶皮瓣及Limberg皮瓣耳垂再造术

目的 探讨采用乳突区双叶皮瓣及Limberg皮瓣对不同程度的耳垂缺损畸形进行手术修复.方法 对收治的耳垂缺损畸形患者16例,根据耳垂缺损的大小分别采用不同的手术方式进行再造.9例缺损面积较小的耳垂缺损者,采用乳突区双叶皮瓣法再造;7例耳垂完全缺损或健侧耳垂较大者,采用Limbeerg皮瓣法进行再造.结果 16例皮瓣均成活,切口愈合良好,外形满意.术后随访3个月至4年,部分乳突区植皮成活后轻度色素沉积,但无大妨,耳垂外观良好,效果满意.结论 根据耳垂缺损畸形的具体情况采用乳突区双叶皮瓣及Limberg皮瓣进行再造,血供可靠,手术简便,损伤小,外形满意,是耳垂再造的较好方法.     

Recycling a flap: making a perforator flap from a previous gluteal fasciocutaneous flap

We report a case of raising a previous gluteal fasciocutaneous flap again as a perforator-based flap to cover a recurrent defect. This case illustrates that conventional flap tissue with a preserved perforator can be recycled as a perforator flap, and that this method can be an efficient surgical option for recurrent defects.