常规临床检查与PSA灰区患者前列腺癌检出率的关系

目的:探讨直肠指检(DRE)、影像学(TRUS、MRI)检查、血清游离与总前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)比值(f/t)与PSA在4～10μg/L之间患者前列腺癌检出率的关系。方法:回顾性分析365例PSA处于灰区的患者进行DRE、TRUS、MRI检查、游离PSA测定,并对这些患者行经直肠B超引导下的前列腺穿刺活检。评估其临床资料与前列腺穿刺病理结果的关系。结果:在365例患者中,穿刺病理为前列腺癌的患者共有87例(23.84%)。DRE阳性的患者共有128例,穿刺阳性40例,阳性率为31.25%,TRUS检查的患者共有257例,其中有异常回声结节的69例患者中穿刺阳性26例,阳性率为37.68%,MRI检查的患者共有191例,其中有异常信号结节的107例患者中穿刺阳性59例,阳性率为55.14%。198例患者行fPSA与tPSA比值分析,其中前列腺癌患者的平均f/t PSA明显低于穿刺阴性患者。f/t PSA受试者曲线(ROC)下的面积(0.725)高于患者PSA ROC的面积(0.542)。结论:结合临床DRE、影像学资料及f/t PSA比值可以有效提高前列腺癌检出率,从而减少不必要的穿刺给患者带来的痛苦。     

小视野弥散加权成像定位经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌的诊断价值

目的 评价小视野弥散加权成像（rFOV DWI）定位经直肠超声（TRUS）引导前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌（PCa）的诊断价值。方法 收集2016年9月至2017年10月期间于TRUS引导下行前列腺穿刺活检的54例患者,术前均接受rFOV DWI检查。根据前列腺影像报告和数据系统对rFOV DWI图像进行评估,采用经会阴途径10点系统穿刺（SB）和rFOV DWI定目标穿刺（rFOV DWI-TB）相结合的穿刺方案。以穿刺病理结果为金标准,计算rFOV DWI的诊断效能,并比较SB、rFOV DWI-TB及SB联合rFOV DWI-TB在PCa检出率和穿刺点阳性率上的差异。结果 54例患者穿刺病理诊断PCa 26例,rFOV DWI诊断PCa的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为80．77%、89．29%、87．50%、83．33%,rFOV DWI诊断PCa的AUC为0．916。rFOV DWI对临床显著性PCa的诊断敏感性为95%。SB、rFOV DWI-TB与SB联合rFOV DWI-TB检出率差异均无统计学意义（P>0．05）,但SB联合rFOV DWI-TB的检出率显著高于SB（P=0．031）。rFOV DWI-TB穿刺点阳性率显著高于SB（χ²=124．377,P=0．000）。结论 rFOV DWI有助于术前PCa可疑病灶,特别是临床显著性PCa病灶的检出,为TRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检提供目标信息,有较高的临床应用价值。     

以前列腺特异抗原水平分组筛查与前列腺穿刺阳性率的关系

目的探讨不同血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA)水平前列腺癌检出情况以及直肠指诊(DRE)、经直肠超声检查(TRUS)、PSA密度(PSAD)等指标对筛查前列腺穿刺活检病例的意义。方法回顾性分析在1996年4月至2002年12月间行TRUS引导前列腺6点系统穿刺活检的634例患者的诊断资料,对各PSA组(≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L组)中前列腺癌的检出率,以及PSA、DRE、TRUS、PSAD等对前列腺癌的预测作用进行t检验、χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果PSA≤4.0,4.1~,10.1~和>20.0μg/L各组的前列腺癌检出率分别为11.6%(17/146),26.8%(38/142),39.8%(68/171)和68.6%(120/175)。PSA的敏感性最高(93.0%),特异性低(33.0%);DRE、TRUS等诊断效率较低。随血清PSA水平升高,前列腺癌检出率以及DRE、TRUS的阳性预测值逐渐升高;在PSA4.1~20.0μg/L者中,PSAD对前列腺癌有较大的预测价值(OR=687.09±646.96,P=0.000)。以PSAD≥0.13μg.L-1.cm-3为截点筛查前列腺穿刺病例,可在不明显降低敏感性的基础上,减少阴性穿刺。结论各PSA组国人与欧美等国前列腺癌检出率有较大差别;DRE、TRUS的筛查作用与血清PSA水平有关;按PSA水平分组筛查穿刺病例,可提高前列腺穿刺的阳性率。     

ROC曲线分析比较tPSA、fPSA／tPSA和PSAD在PSA灰区前列腺癌诊断中的价值

目的 ROC曲线分析探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)、总PSA(tPSA)和游离PSA/总PSA(fPSA/tPSA)3者在PSA灰区前列腺癌(PCa)中的临床诊断价值.方法 同顾性分析tPSA在4～10ng/ml之间的前列腺增生(BPH)患者75例和前列腺癌患者31例.化学发光法测定血清tPSA和fPSA,经直肠超声(TRUS)测定前列腺体积,计算fPSA/tPSA和PSAD.比较BPH组和PCa组间tPSA、PSAD和fPSA/tPSA各指标的差异,分析各指标在ROC曲线卜的面积、各指标的诊断特异性及敏感性.结果 PCa组与BPH组tPSA差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),PCa组fPSA/tPSA比值较BPH组降低(P＜0.01),PSAD值较BPH组升高(P＜0.05).ROC曲线下的面积从大到小为fPSA/tPSA＞PSAD＞tPSA.在诊断敏感性相同的情况下,fPSA/tPSA比值诊断特异性高于PSAD的诊断特异性.当fPSA/tPSA临界值取0.16时,诊断前列腺癌的灵敏度和特异性为67.7%和79.7%,PSAD临界值取0.12时,其灵敏度和特异性为61.3%和62.7%.结论 当tPSA在诊断灰区时,PSAD和fPSA/tPSA可以提高前列腺癌的诊断特异性和敏感性,fPSA/tPSA较PSAD有更高的诊断价值.     

103例前列腺癌的诊断分析

目的 :提高前列腺癌的诊断水平。方法 :回顾分析 10 3例前列腺癌的临床资料 ,对前列腺癌的诊断方法进行探讨。结果 :单项PSA ,直肠指检 (DRE)及经直肠前列腺超声 (TRUS)检查诊断阳性率为 65 .9%～ 90 .3 % ,而前列腺穿刺诊断阳性率 95 .1%。结论 :前列腺穿刺活检对诊断前列腺癌具有重要意义。PSA、DRE、TRUS与前列腺穿刺结合可提高诊断的阳性率与准确率。     

MRI定位联合经直肠超声引导下经会阴穿刺诊断前列腺癌

目的观察MRI引导目标穿刺活检(TB)诊断前列腺癌(PCa)的临床应用价值。方法对120例临床疑诊PCa患者行MRI,而后在经直肠超声(TRUS)引导下,分别采用系统穿刺(SB)与MRI定位行经会阴前列腺目标穿刺术(MRI-TB)。根据穿刺病理结果统计SB、MRI-TB及SB+MRI-TB对PCa检出率和穿刺阳性针率。结果病理诊断78例PCa,42例良性病变。SB、MRI-TB对PCa的漏诊率分别为23.08%(18/78)、8.97%(7/78),差异有统计学意义(P=0.048)。SB、MRI-TB及SB+MRI-TB对PCa的检出率分别为50.00%(60/120)、59.17%(71/120)和65.00%(78/120),SB+MRI-TB高于SB和MRI-TB(P均0.05)。SB、MRI-TB及SB+MRI-TB的阳性针率分别为31.17%(374/1 200)、59.58%(286/480)及35.14%(538/1 531),MRI-TB高于SB和SB+MRI-TB(P均0.001)。结论采用MRI-TB方案可提高穿刺阳性针率,减少穿刺点数,降低重复穿刺和并发症风险;联合应用SB+MRI-TB可提高PCa检出率。     

前列腺特异性抗原≤4.0μg/L前列腺癌的诊断

目的:评价直肠指检(DRE)、经直肠超声(TRUS)、游离前列腺特异性抗原/总前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA/t-PSA)、前列腺特异性抗原密度(PSAD)对前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)≤4.0μg/L PCa的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析1996年4月至2012年12月解放军总医院超声科PSA≤4.0μg/L的前列腺穿刺患者共343例,年龄30~91岁。将患者按PSA含量0.0~1.0μg/L、1.1~2.0μg/L、2.1~3.0μg/L、3.1~4.0μg/L分为4组,评价DRE、TRUS、f-PSA/t-PSA、PSAD在不同PSA水平下PCa患者中的诊断价值,同时按年龄分为5组:≤49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁,评价不同PSA水平下不同年龄患者PCa的检出率。结果:343例患者中,共检出PCa 65例,检出率19.0%。PSA含量0.0~1.0μg/L、1.1~2.0μg/L、2.1~3.0μg/L、3.1~4.0μg/L时PCa的检出率分别为16.28%(21/129)、17.17%(17/99)、21.82%(12/55)、25.00%(15/60)。PSA≤2.0μg/L时,f-PSA/t-PSA比值在PCa和非PCa患者中没有明显差异(P0.05),而PSA2.0μg/L时有明显差异(P0.05)。而PSAD值在PCa组与非PCa组中分别为(0.09±0.16)μg/L/ml、(0.06±0.07)μg/L/ml,没有明显差异(P0.05)。随着PSA含量的升高,PCa的检出率相应升高,各年龄段的检出率没有明显差异(P0.05)。结论:当PSA含量在2.1~4.0μg/L时,若DRE/TRUS异常,则应引起重视,定期随访,监测PSA变化;若f-PSA/t-PSA≤0.15,伴或不伴DRE/TRUS异常,均应该行前列腺穿刺活检,以明确诊断。而对于PSA在0.0~2.0μg/L时,DRE、TRUS、f-PSA/t-PSA比值和PSAD均不能有效诊断PCa。     

317例前列腺癌诊断分析

目的　提高前列腺癌的诊断水平。　方法　回顾性分析 317例前列腺癌患者的临床资料 ,对前列腺癌的筛选诊断方法进行统计分析。　结果　 317例前列腺癌占同期泌尿外科住院患者总数的 2 .2 % ,为同期泌尿生殖系肿瘤患者的 9.8%。近 10年收治的新病例数为前 2 0年的 4 .2倍。临床应用PSA检测后确诊为前列腺癌的患者数 (2 11例 )和T1～T2 患者的比例 (6 0 .2 % )显著高于PSA检测应用前 (10 6例 ,5 0 .0 % )。单项PSA、直肠指检 (DRE)及经直肠前列腺超声 (TRUS)检查的诊断阳性率为 86 .1%～ 89.1%。而当PSA结合DRE或TRUS任何一项检查时 ,阳性率可提高至 99.0 %。相关分析显示 :血清PSA与临床分期、病理分级及肿瘤体积显著相关。　结论　近 10年前列腺癌患者的住院人数呈增高趋势。血清PSA检测对于发现早期肿瘤具有重要意义。PSA与DRE、TRUS是筛选诊断前列腺癌的主要方法 ,三者结合可提高诊断阳性率与准确率     

经直肠超声造影和磁共振成像诊断前列腺癌的临床价值比较

目的:探讨经直肠超声造影(CEUS)和磁共振成像(MRI)诊断前列腺癌(PCa)有关问题,评价二者的诊断价值。方法:选取有完整相关临床资料的患者48例,对患者行前列腺超声造影及MRI检查,并与病理检查结果进行比较。结果:48例患者经病理检查证实为PCa 30例。经直肠CEUS诊断符合率为77.08%,敏感性为80.00%,与MRI的符合率(79.16%)、敏感性(76.67%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其特异性(72.22%)低于MRI的特异性(83.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二者联合诊断的符合率为89.58%,敏感性为90.00%,特异性为88.89%,与单独一种诊断比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经直肠CEUS及MRI对PCa的诊断各有优势,经直肠CEUS联合MRI可提高PCa的检出率。     

血清结合PSA对前列腺疾病诊断价值的探讨

目的 :探讨血清中结合前列腺特异性抗原 (cPSA)在前列腺癌 (PCa)诊断中的临床价值。　方法 :用磁微粒子免疫化学发光法测定 110例良性前列腺增生 (BPH)病人和 78例PCa病人cPSA、tPSA ,并计算cPSA/tPSA比值。　结果 :cPSA及cPSA/tPSA比值可有效地区分BPH和PCa(P <0 .0 0 5 ) ,尤其是在诊断灰值区 (tPSA为 4～10 μg/L)时效果更显著。在以tPSA≤10 .0 μg/L和cPSA/tPSA≥0 .78为筛选界值联合对PCa进行筛选时 ,临床概率敏感度为 97.8%,特异性为 95 .8%,阴性预示值为 81.9%,阳性预示值为 96 .5 %。　结论 :cPSA的引入及cPSA/tPSA比值的应用 ,对PCa的诊断具有重要临床意义 ,尤其是在tPSA的诊断灰值区。     

The influence of prostate volume on cancer detection in the Chinese population

In western populations, prostate volume （PV） has been proven to be one of the strongest predictors of detecting prostate cancer （PCa） in biopsies. We performed this study in a biopsy cohort, to evaluate associations among the prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen （PSA） and PCa detection in the Chinese population. Between the years, 2007-13, 1486 men underwent prostate biopsy at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The study population was divided into two groups for analysis according to total PSA （tPSA） range （4 ng m1-1 〈tPSA 〈20 ng m1-1 and tPSA 〉20 ng ml-1）. PV, age, tPSA, digital rectal examination （DRE） and transrectal ultrasound （TRUS） results were also included in the analysis. Although the positive biopsy rates decreased in both tPSA range groups, the downtrend was more pronounced in the 4 ng ml-2 〈tPSA 〈20 ng m1-1 group; therefore, we focused on 853 men in this group with increasing PV. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only DRE was found to be associated with PCa in four PV groups （P 〈 0.05） and tPSA did not show a good predictive ability when PV exceeded 50 ml （P 〉 0.05）. Further, it may suggest that with increasing PV, the cancer detection rate decreased in men with different tPSA, DRE and TRUS nodule statuses （all P values for trends were 〈0.001）. Our study indicates that in tPSA ranging from 4 to 20 ng ml-1, the use of PV ranges of 0-35 ml, 35-50 ml and 〉50 ml might be taken into consideration for the biopsy decision-making in the Chinese population.     

Contemporary prostate cancer prevalence among T1c biopsy-referred men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prostate cancer (PCa) prevalence and risk factors of men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level< or =4.0 ng/ml and an unsuspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) in a large biopsy referral cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, 855 men underwent initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf. Patients with any previous surgical or medical treatment were excluded from analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of PCa at biopsy and high-grade PCa defined as biopsy Gleason sum> or =7. RESULTS: Overall PCa detection rate was 23.1%. The majority had a biopsy Gleason sum of 6 (79.5%) and 20.5% had a biopsy Gleason sum> or =7. Total PSA (tPSA) and percentage of free PSA (%fPSA) were statistically significantly different in men with and without PCa (all p<0.001). In tPSA strata < or = 0.5, 0.6-1.0, 1.1-2.0, 2.1-3.0, and 3.1-4.0 ng/ml, PCa prevalence was 4.0%, 10.6%, 14.8%, 24.5%, and 32.1%, respectively. In logistic regression analyses addressing PCa and Gleason sum > or = 7 at biopsy, %fPSA and prostate volume represented independent and most informative risk factors. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that a substantial percentage (23.1%) of men with a PSA< or =4.0 ng/ml and an unsuspicious DRE in a biopsy referral population harbor PCa, with 20.5% being high grade. Low %fPSA and low prostate volume represent important parameters in PCa and in high grade disease detection at biopsy, respectively.     

Evaluation of Prostate Specific Antigen Density and Transrectal Ultrasonography-Guided Biopsies in 100 Consecutive Patients with a Negative Digital Rectal Examination and Intermediate Serum Prostate Specific Antigen Levels

Background : This study was undertaken to assess the importance of prostate biopsies in patients with a negative digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels and to investigate the role of PSA density (PSAD) and hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in increasing the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for prostate cancer (PCa). Methods : One hundred patients with varied initial symptoms who had a negative DRE and a PSA level between 4 and 20ng/mL underwent TRUS-guided systematic and, if present, lesion-directed biopsies. Results : PCa was detected in 11 patients (11%). TRUS examinations revealed hypoechoic lesions in 31 patients. Lesion-directed biopsies revealed PCa in 1 3% (4/31) of patients with abnormal TRUS whereas, 7% (5/69) of patients with negative TRUS findings had PCa. Additional systematic biopsies detected PCa in 2 patients where lesion-directed biopsies were negative. None (0/19) of the lesions smaller than 0.2 ml on TRUS had PCa whereas, 33% (4/1 2) of patients with lesions greater than 0.2 ml had PCa. When the subgroup of patients with negative TRUS and PSA levels between 4 and 10ng/mL were considered, 25% (1/4) of cases with PCa would have been missed if 0.15 was used as the cut-off point for PSAD, however, this would save 61% (30/49) of unnecessary biopsies. The positive predictive value of PSA (cut-off level lOng/mL), PSAD (cut-off level 0.15), and hypoechoic lesions on TRUS were found to be 11.5%, 33%, and 13%, respectively. When hypoechoic lesions greater than 0.2 mL were taken as the positive finding, the positive predictive value and specificity rates of TRUS increased to 33% and 91 %, respectively, without any change in the sensitivity. Conclusions : In patients with a negative DRE and intermediate PSA levels, the application of PSAD would have saved 49% of study patients with BPH from a biopsy, but would have missed 27% of PCa cases. By ignoring lesions smaller than 0.2 mL on TRUS, a very high specificity of 91% was achieved with a sensitivity of 36%. Thus, further investigations aimed at defining a better mode of diagnosis of PCa are warranted.     

经直肠前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的相关影响因素分析

目的 分析经直肠前列腺穿刺活检前列腺癌阳性率的相关影响因素.方法 回顾性总结2011年6月至2014年6月间在本院行经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检患者的临床病理资料.通过X2检验、多因素回归模型、受试者工作曲线等方法分析与前列腺癌阳性率相关的影响因素,并验证PAMD评分系统预测经直肠前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的可靠性.结果 入组222例患者中检出前列腺癌88例,阳性率39.6％.单因素分析显示,年龄(P＜0.05)、血清总PSA(TPSA) (P ＜0.001)、核磁共振成像(MRI) (P ＜0.001)、肛门指诊(DRE) (P ＜0.001)在前列腺癌组患者均存在显著差异.通过多元逻辑回归分析显示,年龄、TPSA、前列腺体积(PV)、MRI、DRE均是经直肠前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的独立影响因素,其优势比(OR)和95％可信区间(95％CI)分别为2.539(1.156 ～5.576)、2.745(1.677 ～4.494)、0.409(0.187 ～0.891)、0.132(0.039 ～0.446)和0.018(0.005～0.063).利用PV+ Age+ MRI+ DRE (PAMD)评分系统评价显示,≥4分高危组前列腺癌检出率可达48.2％,明显高于总体阳性率,与中、低危组相比有显著差异.结论 Age、TPSA、PV、MRI和DRE均可作为前列腺穿刺活检阳性率的独立影响因素,结合PAMD评分系统有助于提高前列腺穿刺活检的阳性率.     

经会阴B型超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检的临床价值研究

目的:探讨经会阴扇型B型超声引导下前列腺6针穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法:对经直肠指检或经腹部B超检查发现前列腺结节、血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)在4μg/L以上或游离PSA(fPSA)/tP-SA<0.16的可疑前列腺癌104例患者,经会阴扇型B超引导下18G自动穿刺活检针行双侧叶6点法穿刺,对穿刺的阳性率和并发症及影响穿刺阳性率的因素进行分析。结果:经病理诊断,检出前列腺癌24例,检出率23%,前列腺癌分级评分中位数为7分,高分化癌(2~4分)、中分化癌(5~7分)和低分化癌(8~10分)分别为12.5%(3/24)、62.5%(15/24)和25%(6/24);其余80例为良性前列腺增生(BPH)。术后短暂和轻度的肉眼血尿5例(4.8%),均在1~3 d后缓解,4例(3.8%)发热37.2℃~38.0℃,术后会阴部轻度不适5例(4.8%)。术后无1例出现血便、血精、前列腺脓肿、高热、败血症、急性尿潴留等严重并发症。经分析发现tPSA、fPSA、fPSA/tPSA、前列腺抗原密度(PS-AD)和前列腺体积是影响前列腺穿刺阳性率的重要因素(P<0.05),经会阴穿刺优势主要反映在tPSA≥10μg/L、fP-SA≥2μg/L、fPSA/tPSA<0.16、PSAD≥0.2和前列腺体积<40 m l时提示应行会阴穿刺术。结论:经会阴扇型B型超声引导下6针前列腺穿刺活检,是一种安全准确的前列腺癌检出方法。     

Diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostatic fossa in patients with rising PSA following radical prostatectomy

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy of the prostatic fossa in men with biochemical relapse following radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP). Thirty patients, with detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) and negative imaging for metastases after RP, were evaluated for local recurrence. All patients underwent TRUS-guided biopsies of the prostatic fossa, with at least six cores obtained. PSA and digital rectal examination (DRE) were correlated with biopsy results. Twelve patients (40%) were found with local recurrence. Sensitivities of TRUS and DRE were 75 and 50%, while specificities were 83 and 100%, respectively. Local recurrence was detected in 25% of the patients with PSA ≤ 1 ng/ml, and higher PSA levels were correlated with an increased positive biopsy rate. All patients with positive DRE had positive biopsy and positive TRUS as well. When both TRUS and DRE were positive it was more likely for the patient to have positive biopsy than when both TRUS and DRE were negative. TRUS-guided biopsy is an efficient tool in detecting local recurrence after RP and should be offered to all patients with biochemical relapse and absence of metastatic disease irrespective of the level of PSA.     

尿沉渣PSGR检测在前列腺首次穿刺患者中的诊断作用

目的:探讨尿沉渣PSGR评分在前列腺癌患者中的诊断作用。方法:2010年1月~2013年10月收集299例在我院行前列腺穿刺患者前列腺按摩后尿液,应用实时定量PCR检测尿沉渣中PSGR mRNA和PSA mRNA的表达。PSGR评分使用PSGR mRNA/PSA mRNA×1 000计算;PSGR评分的预测作用使用ROC曲线分析并与血清PSA进行比较。结果:可分析样本比例为81.94%(245/299)。所有患者和PSA"灰区"患者前列腺穿刺阳性率分别为33.46%(83/245)和27.05%(33/122)。前列腺穿刺阳性患者PSGR评分明显高于前列腺穿刺阴性患者(P0.001)。经ROC曲线分析,在所有患者中,血清tPSA、PSGR评分和两者合用的曲线下面积分别为0.584、0.687和0.713。PSGR评分与血清总PSA诊断价值比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.052),但两者合用优于单用血清tPSA(P=0.002)。当处于PSA"灰区"时,血清tPSA、PSGR评分和两者合用的曲线下面积分别为0.525、0.727和0.731。PSGR评分的诊断价值明显优于血清tPSA(P=0.004)。结论:PSGR评分在前列腺穿刺患者中有良好的预测作用,血清tPSA和PSGR评分联合应用可提高预测总体患者的准确性,单用PSGR评分对PSA"灰区"患者有较好的预测作用。     

Impact of high‐consistency area evaluated under hand‐operated transrectal compression using a sonographic probe on prostate cancer detection: Clinicopathological analysis

Aim of this investigation was to determine whether the evaluation of a new dynamic finding on conventional greyscale transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), which we named as high‐consistency area (HCA), is useful in detection of prostate cancer (PCa). Fifty‐one consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. When TRUS‐guided prostate biopsy was performed, HCA that was difficult to transform, due to transrectal compression using sonographic probe, was evaluated. HCA‐targeting biopsy, digital rectal examination (DRE)‐targeting biopsy and systematic 12‐core biopsy were performed. All biopsy cores were diagnosed histopathologically. As the results, twenty‐three PCas were detected in 51 patients. The sensitivity and specificity of HCA‐targeting biopsy for correct diagnosis were 60.9% and 78.6%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for DRE‐targeting biopsy were 47.8% and 78.6%, respectively. In conclusion, HCA‐targeting biopsy of this study was superior to DRE‐targeting biopsy with regard to detection of PCa. Before prostate biopsy, patients should be evaluated for DRE and HCA, and DRE and HCA‐targeting biopsy should be performed.     

经直肠超声造影引导前列腺穿刺活检诊断前列腺癌

目的探讨经直肠超声造影(CETRUS)引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断价值。方法对79例可疑前列腺癌患者分别行常规经直肠超声(TRUS)、CETRUS及经直肠前列腺穿刺活检。以病理结果为标准,对比TRUS、CETRUS和TRUS联合CETRUS引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断效能。结果 79例中,病理诊断为前列腺腺癌36例,前列腺良性增生43例。35例CETRUS见异常征象,其中30例病理诊断恶性,诊断敏感度83.33%(30/36),特异性88.37%(38/43),准确率86.08%(68/79)。39例TRUS见异常征象,其中24例病理诊断为恶性病变,诊断敏感度66.67%(24/36),特异度65.12%(28/43),准确率65.82%(52/79)。TRUS联合CETRUS诊断前列腺癌30例,敏感度83.33%(30/36),特异度72.09%(31/43),准确率77.22%(61/79)。ROC曲线结果显示,TRUS、CETRUS、TRUS联合CETRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检对诊断前列腺癌的AUC分别为0.740、0.859及0.777,CETRUS的诊断效能高于TRUS及TRUS联合CETRUS(Z=2.371、2.858,P=0.018、0.004)。结论 CETRUS引导前列腺穿刺活检对前列腺癌的诊断效能较高。