胆汁酸在梗阻性黄疸小鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生中作用的研究

目的：探讨胆汁酸（CA）在梗阻性黄疸（OJ）小鼠肝部分切除术后肝再生中的作用及机制。 方法：180只健康雄性小鼠随机均分为6组,分别行假手术（对照组）、胆总管结扎（OJ组）、胆总管结扎并于7 d加行外引流（ED组）、胆总管结扎+0.2%CA灌胃并7 d后加行外引流（ED+0.2%CA组）、胆总管结扎+1%CA灌胃并于7 d后加行外引流（ED+1%CA组）、胆总管结扎并于7 d后加行内引流（ID组）,各组分别于实验第14天行70%肝切除,且各外引流组改行内引流。检测各组肝切除术后不同时间点肝再生率与肝组织增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67表达、叉状头盒M1b基因（Foxm1b）mRNA相对表达、成纤维细胞生长因子受体4（FGFR4）蛋白表达,并观察部分组肝细胞原位凋亡情况。 结果：除对照组外,肝再生率、肝组织Ki-67阳性表达率、Foxm1b mRNA及FGFR4蛋白表达在其余各组均由高到低依次为：ID组>ED+0.2%CA组>ED组>OJ组>ED+1%CA组,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;ID组与对照组间各指标差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;肝细胞凋亡率由高到低依次为：ED+1%C组>ED组>ED+0.2%CA组>对照组,组间差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。 结论：内引流通过减少内源性CA的丢失有利于肝切除后肝再生;外源性低浓度CA可以恢复外引流引起的肝再生障碍,可能与其上调Foxm1b与FGFR4的表达从而促进肝再生有关。     

阻塞性黄疸大鼠术前胆道内、外引流对肝细胞再生能力的影响

目的　探讨阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝叶切除术前胆道内、外引流对肝细胞再生能力的影响和机制。方法　将大鼠胆总管结扎 5d后 ,分别行胆道内、外引流 5d ,再行 70 %肝叶切除术。结果　胆道外引流组与内引流组和对照组大鼠相比 ,反映肝细胞再生能力的肝细胞核DNA含量、增殖细胞核抗原 (proliferatingcellnuclearantigen ,PCNA)指数、有丝核分裂指数 (mitoticindexMI)明显减低 (P <0 0 5 )。胆道外引流组肝细胞C met/HGF R基因表达也减低 (P <0 0 1)。结论　阻塞性黄疸大鼠肝叶切除术前胆道外引流对肝细胞再生能力有明显抑制作用 ;胆道外引流组肝细胞C met/HGF R基因表达减弱可能是该组肝细胞再生能力下降的重要因素。     

IL-6强化的肠外营养对肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后残肝的影响

目的 探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)强化的肠外营养(PN)对肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后残肝的影响.方法 6只正常大鼠为正常对照组(A组),24只肝硬化大鼠随机分为4组(B～E组,n＝6);B组:肝硬化术前组,C组:肝切除+颈内静脉插管术后1 d组,D组:肝切除术后行PN 5 d组,E组:肝切除术后行PN+IL-6 5d组.测大鼠肝功能,炎症反应和脂质过氧化指标.肝组织ALB mRNA的表达.结果 与D组比较,E组血清AST、ALT、ALP显著下降(P＜0.05),血清ALB显著升高(P＜0.05);血清IFN-γ、TNF-α、MDA显著下降(P＜0.05),血清SOD活性显著升高(P＜0.05);肝组织ALB mRNA表达显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 PN+IL-6可以加快肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后肝功能的恢复,减轻炎症反应和脂质过氧化损伤,促进肝脏蛋白合成.     

基于区段肝蒂的肝切除术在肝胆管结石手术中的应用

目的:探讨基于区段肝蒂的肝切除术治疗肝胆管结石的手术效果。方法:采用前瞻性病例对照研究,将90例肝胆管结石患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组各45例,研究组行基于区段肝蒂的肝切除术,对照组采用B超定位的基于Couinaud肝叶段划分方法的肝切除术,比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者的一般情况、术前肝功能、结石分布、胆管变异和切肝范围均无统计学差异(均P0.05)。研究组较对照组的术中出血量、术后并发症发生率、引流量及术后结石残留率均明显降低(均P0.05),手术时间、输血率、术后肝功能改变、术后排气时间、术后住院时间两组间比较无统计学差异(均P0.05)。结论:基于区段肝蒂的肝切除术具有出血量少,术后渗出及并发症少、结石残留率低等优点,适合在肝胆管结石肝切除手术中应用。     

早期肠内肠外营养支持对肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后的影响

目的 观察早期肠内肠外营养支持对肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后的影响.方法 采用24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:A组正常大鼠肠内营养;B组肝硬化大鼠肠内营养;C组肝硬化大鼠肠外营养.3组大鼠行肝部分切除术后1 d分别进行等热量[690 kJ/(kg·d)]等氮量[1.22g/(kg·d)]营养支持,共5 d.术后6 d测定大鼠体质量、肝功能、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、肝组织白蛋白(ALB)mRNA的表达及细胞增殖核抗原(Ki-67)蛋白表达水平.结果 与术前比较,术后A组大鼠体质量增加,B、C组体质量减轻,差异有统计学意义[A:(6.16±3.28)g;B:(5.46±2.59)g;C:(6.13±3.21)g,P＜0.05).术后B、C组大鼠肝功能与A组比较,血清AST、ALT、ALP升高,ALB降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);B组与C组比较,ALP升高,差异有统计学意义[B:(209±81)IU/L;C:(271:±92)IU/L,P＜0.05).术后B、C组大鼠血清前白蛋白和转铁蛋白与A组比较均降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);C组与B组比较,血清前白蛋白降低,差异有统计学意义[B:(161±37)mg/L;C:(133±29)mg/L,P＜0.05].术后B、C组肝组织ALB mRNA表达水平比A组下降,差异有统计学意义(A:1.46±0.12;B:1. 07±0.14;C:0.84±0.18,P＜0.05);B组与C组比较,C组肝组织ALB mRNA表达水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后A组肝组织Ki-67蛋白表达指数比B、C组高,差异有统计学意义(A:8.90±0.45;B:5.60±0.34;C:3.80±0.21,P＜0.05);而B组Ki-67指数比C组高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后存在明显的肝功能不全和肝再生能力下降,虽经过积极的肠内或肠外营养支持,其术后各项指标的恢复均明显差于无肝硬化的大鼠.肠内营养较肠外营养更能促进肝硬化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝脏蛋白质的合成代谢和肝再生,肠内营养途径可进一步降低与肠外营养相关的胆汁淤积并发症的发生.     

转化生长因子β对肝纤维化大鼠肝部分切除术后肝功能及肝脏再生的作用及机制

背景与目的:肝脏纤维化是肝脏内一系列纤维组织增生的病理反应,肝纤维化可能导致肝切除后出现肝脏再生不足或未再生。本研究探讨肝纤维化动物肝部分切除术后转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路对肝功能及肝脏再生的作用和机制。方法:将40只SD大鼠用腹膜内注射CCl4方法构建肝纤维化模型后,将其中32只行70%肝切除手术,并分别在术后第1、3、5、7天,每个时间点取8只大鼠检测血清肝功能指标、肝组织TGF-β和Smad的m RNA和蛋白表达水平,另外8只大鼠行假手术作为对照组。此外,以相同的造模方法,观察TGF-β/Smad通路抑制剂(术前腹膜内注射GW788388)对肝纤维化大鼠部分肝切除后肝功能与肝再生能力的影响。结果:与假手术组比较,部分肝切除术组大鼠术后第1天天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平明显升高,此后随时间逐渐降低(均P<0.05);肝组织TGF-β和Smad的m RNA与蛋白水平明显升高,均在术后第3天达到峰值(均P<0.05),而后降低,并在术后第7天降低至假手术组水平(P>0.05)。肝切除术前注射GW788388的大鼠与单纯行肝切除术的大鼠比较,AST和ALT水平升高更为明显,且肝组织细胞增殖标志物Ki-67与干细胞标志物LGR5表达均明显减少(均P<0.05)。结论:TGF-β/Smad信号在通路在肝纤维化大鼠肝部分切除术后保护肝功能、促进肝再生方面起了重要作用,机制可能与该通路调节细胞增殖及干细胞的分化有关。     

含胆酸的肠内营养在肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后的应用

目的探讨含胆酸的肠内营养在肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后的应用。方法24只肝硬化大鼠随机分为术前组、肝切除术后1d组、肝切除术后行不含胆酸的肠内营养5d组、肝切除术后行含胆酸的肠内营养5d组,各6只。并选择6只正常大鼠作为正常对照组,测大鼠肝功能、炎症反应、脂质过氧化、肝组织白蛋白（ALB）mRNA的表达和肝组织Ki67蛋白的表达。结果与不含胆酸的肠内营养5d组比较,含胆酸的肠内营养5d组血清AST、ALT、ALP显著下降（P〈0.05）,血清ALB、IGF-1显著升高（P〈0.05）,血清IFN-γ、TNF-α、MDA显著下降（P〈0.05）,血清SOD活性显著升高（P〈0.05）,肝组织ALBmRNA表达显著升高（P〈0.05）,肝组织Ki67蛋白表达显著升高（P〈0.05）。结论含胆酸的肠内营养可以加快肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后肝功能的恢复,减轻炎症反应和脂质过氧化损伤,促进肝脏蛋白合成和残肝再生。     

肝切除联合胆肠内引流对梗阻性黄疸大鼠的影响

目的探索在高胆红素血症下,大鼠胆肠内引流联合肝切除对肝功能、肝细胞能量代谢以及肝细胞再生和凋亡的影响。方法雄性成年SD大鼠120只,其中6只大鼠作为假手术(SO)组;20只行70%肝切除,同时行胆总管-十二指肠插管桥接(70%PH组);另94只行胆总管结扎(CBDL)制备梗阻性黄疸模型,建模成功后5d时随机取6只动物作为CBDL组,余下的动物5d后行二次手术,再分为胆肠内引流再通组(BDO-RBF组,20只)、42%PH+BDO-RBF组(20只)及70%PH+BDO-RBF组(25只)。检测CBDL组5d时及二次手术后各组术后24h、72h及7d时肝功能和肝细胞能量代谢、肝组织肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和bcl-2mRNA含量及其蛋白表达、肝细胞增殖指数和凋亡指数的变化。SO组只测定术后0h肝功能和肝细胞能量指标。结果正常大鼠能够耐受70%肝切除,术后肝细胞能量代谢和肝功能迅速恢复正常,肝再生良好、细胞凋亡无明显增多。较之SO组和70%PH组,CBDL导致肝细胞能量代谢恶化、肝功能不良、肝组织HGF和bcl-2mRNA含量减少,肝再生受抑制,细胞凋亡显著增多(P<0.05)。胆肠内引流再通后肝细胞能量代谢可迅速恢复,肝细胞凋亡减少,肝再生活跃。42%+BDO-RBF组及70%PH+BDO-RBF组肝细胞能量代谢同样能够较快恢复,肝再生良好。42%+BDO-RBF组与70%PH+BDO-RBF组间各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论梗阻性黄疸时,高胆红素血症严重影响肝细胞能量代谢和肝功能,引起肝细胞凋亡增多,肝再生受抑制;及时有效的胆肠内引流能够迅速改善肝细胞能量代谢、肝功能及肝再生,联合肝切除时术前可不需常规胆道引流。     

胆酸对肝硬化大鼠肝大部分切除术后肝脏功能的影响

目的探讨胆酸对肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后肝脏功能的影响。方法24只肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后随机分为胆酸组和对照组喂养1周,每组12只。对照组给以标准饲料喂养,胆酸组给以含0.2%胆酸的饲料喂养。1周后检测大鼠胆汁分泌速度及胆汁总胆汁酸（TBA）含量,检测肝功能、有丝分裂指数（MI）、增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）标记指数、细胞核DNA含量。结果胆酸组胆汁分泌速度、胆汁TBA含量、血清ALB含量、MI、PCNA标记指数、细胞核DNA含量均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）含量均低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论胆酸可以增加肝硬化大鼠肝切除术后胆汁分泌速度及胆汁TBA含量,促进大鼠肝功能恢复和肝再生。     

大功率高频电刀在肝细胞癌肝切除术中的应用

目的:探讨高频电刀在肝细胞癌(HCC)肝切除术中的应用价值。方法:将386例HCC患者分为观察组(n=199)和对照组(n=187),观察组采用120 W电凝输出功率电刀进行肝切除术,对照组采用钳夹法加超声刀肝切除。比较两组术中肝门阻断时间、手术时长、术中出血量、术中及术后输红细胞情况及术后引流、肝功能改变、术后并发症、术后住院时间等指标。结果:所有患者均顺利完成手术,观察组术中未出现因大功率高频电流引起的灼伤、心电异常等。与对照组比较,观察组手术时间(192.79 min vs.212.10 min)、肝门阻断时间(5.17 min vs.14.65 min)、术后并发症发生率(21.1%vs.34.2%)、术后红细胞输注率(25.7%vs.36.7%)、术后住院时间(8.87 d vs.12.15 d)均明显减少(均P0.05),但术中出血量(378.56 mL vs.412.75 mL)、术中红细胞输注率(7.5%vs.7.5%)、术后拔管时间(5.83 d vs.6.29 d)无统计学差异(P0.05);观察组术后1、3 d部分肝功能指标优于对照组(均P0.05)。两组术后1、2、3年总生存率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:大功率高频电刀用于HCC肝切除术切肝速度快、止血效果好,使用安全可靠。     

Preoperative internal biliary drainage is superior to external biliary drainage in liver regeneration and function after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats

OBJECTIVE: To examine the differences in regeneration rates and functions of the liver at the time of and after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats with preoperative external and internal biliary drainage. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The significance of biliary drainage before surgery is controversial in patients with obstructive jaundice. METHODS: After biliary obstruction for 7 days, rats were randomly divided into three groups: obstructive jaundice and hepatectomy (OJ-Hx), external biliary drainage and hepatectomy (ED-Hx), and internal biliary drainage and hepatectomy (ID-Hx). The OJ-Hx group underwent hepatectomy without biliary drainage; the other two groups underwent hepatectomy after biliary drainage for 7 days. At the time of hepatectomy, all rats were provided with internal biliary drainage. On days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 after hepatectomy, the DNA synthesis rate and the concentrations of adenine nucleotides and malondialdehyde in the liver were determined as markers of the hepatic regeneration rate, energy status, and lipoperoxide concentration, respectively. Portal endotoxin concentrations were measured and serum hyaluronic acid concentrations were determined as an indicator of hepatic endothelial function. RESULTS: The relative liver weight was significantly higher in the ID-Hx group than in the OJ-Hx group on days 1, 3, and 7 after hepatectomy and than in the ED-Hx group on days 1 and 2. The rate of hepatic DNA synthesis was significantly higher in the ID-Hx group than in the OJ-Hx and ED-Hx groups on day 1. The rate was similar in the ED-Hx and ID-Hx groups on day 2 but was significantly higher than in the OJ-Hx group. The hepatic malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher on day 1 in the ED-Hx group than in the other two groups. It was lowest in the ID-Hx group throughout the study. Both biliary drainage procedures lowered the portal endotoxin concentration and serum hyaluronic acid concentration at the time of hepatectomy. The serum hyaluronic acid concentration was lowest in the ID Hx group. Hepatic adenine triphosphate concentrations and energy charge levels were similar among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Although both external and internal biliary drainage before hepatectomy improved serum liver function tests, portal endotoxin concentration, and serum hyaluronic acid concentration at the time of surgery, preoperative internal biliary drainage was superior to external drainage, as evidenced by the better liver regeneration and function after hepatectomy.     

Short-term effects of external and internal biliary drainage on liver and cellular immunity in experimental obstructive jaundice

Background/Purpose The effects of preoperative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundiced patients are controversial. Although experimental studies have proven the benefit of internal biliary drainage (ID) over external biliary drainage (ED), ID has several clinical problems, such as clogging or tube replacement. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were any differences in T-cell function, liver function, and histology, between rats in ID and ED groups in short-term experiments.Methods Following bile duct ligation (BDL) for 14 days, rats in the ED and ID groups had 7 days of ED and 7 days of ID, respectively. Normal rats were used as negative controls (control group). For positive controls, we used a group with BDL and no drainage (BDL group). Serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured, splenic T-cell proliferation was assayed to check cellular immunity, and liver histology was examined.Results Recovery of bilirubin and ALT was similar in the ED and ID groups. Recovery of AST was worse in the ID group than in the ED group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Levels of ALP in the BDL and ID groups were significantly higher than those in the control and ED groups. Rats in the BDL group showed a significant decrease in T-cell function compared to the control group. The ED group showed better recovery of T-cell function than the ID group in the 7 days after relief of obstructive jaundice. The livers in the ID group demonstrated histologically moderate interface hepatitis with periportal inflammation and lymphocyte infiltration, which strongly suggested incomplete tube obstruction, but those in the ED group showed minimal change.Conclusions ED is superior to ID concerning the recovery of cellular immunity and liver inflammation in the short-term after relief from biliary obstruction in this model. As the patency of the tube is well maintained in ED compared to ID, patency of the tube is essential to obtain good recovery of cellular immunity, irrespective of the drainage method.     

Lack of intestinal bile results in delayed liver regeneration of normal rat liver after hepatectomy accompanied by impaired cyclin E-associated kinase activity

BACKGROUND: The importance of bile in liver regeneration after hepatectomy is unknown, although we have recently shown that preoperative internal biliary drainage is superior to external biliary drainage for liver regeneration in obstructive jaundiced rats. This study examined the hypothesis that the presence or absence of bile in the intestinal tract modulates cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases after hepatectomy in rats. METHODS: In male Wistar rats, bile was drained externally (ED group) or into the duodenum (ID group) for 7 days before 70% hepatectomy. Relative liver weight, DNA synthesis rate, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index were determined at the time of hepatectomy (day 0) and on days 1, 3, and 7 after hepatectomy. Posthepatectomy expressions of cyclin D1 and E and of cyclin D1- and E-associated kinases were serially analyzed. Hepatic function tests were performed. RESULTS: No significant difference in liver function was found between the 2 groups at hepatectomy except for the lower albumin level in the ED group. The relative liver weight was lower in the ED group than in the ID group on day 3 after hepatectomy (ED, 2.58% +/- 0.06%; ID, 2.84% +/- 0.08%; P <.05). Both the DNA synthesis rate and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in the ED group (77 +/- 36 disintegrations per minute/microg DNA and 8.3% +/- 1.9%, respectively) were lower than those in the ID group (262 +/- 50 disintegrations per minute/microg DNA and 21.6% +/- 5.6%, respectively) on day 1 after hepatectomy (P <.05, respectively). Cyclin D1-associated kinase activity and cyclin D1 expression were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Cyclin E-associated kinase activity was lower in the ED group than in the ID group at 18 hours after hepatectomy (ED, 84% +/- 17%; ID, 146% +/- 28% of the value at 0 hour in the ID group; P <.05), although expressions of cyclin E and p27 binding to cyclin E were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the absence of bile in the intestine delays liver regeneration associated with cyclin E-associated kinase inactivation after hepatectomy.     

不同引流方式对梗阻性黄疸大鼠部分肝切除术后肝再生的影响

目的探讨不同引流方式对梗阻性黄疸大鼠部分肝切除术后肝再生的影响。方法建立梗阻性黄疸70％部分肝切除sD大鼠模型。随后将120只sD大鼠按照随机数字表法分为对照组：行肝中、左叶切除;内引流组：于扩张胆管和十二指肠间置管引流;外引流组：于扩张胆管置管,导管另-端从腹腔引出。每组40只大鼠。内引流组和外引流组引流7d后行肝中、左叶切除,于术后0、1、2、4、12、24、48、72h收集3组大鼠血液及肝脏组织标本,测定肝再生率、有丝分裂指数。采用免疫组织化学染色法观察肝脏组织增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）及信号传导与转录激活因子3（STAT3）的表达,ELISA法检测血清TNF．OL、IL-6水平,RT．PCR测定肝脏组织TNF—OLmRNA和IL-6mRNA的表达。组间比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用SNK检验。结果部分肝切除术后72h内引流组sD大鼠肝再生率为94．86％±12．72％,显著高于外引流组的62．39％±8．01％和对照组的45．77％±5．41％（F=33．62,P〈0．05）。3组大鼠肝脏组织有丝分裂指数和PCNA水平均于12h明显升高,内引流组有丝分裂指数和PCNA水平均于24h达到高峰,分别为24．47％±4．01％和88．1％±9．2％,对照组和外引流组于48h达到高峰,分别为15．80％±1．08％和58．3％±5．8％、18．40％±1．12％和70．2％±6．9％。内引流组有丝分裂指数和PCNA水平峰值显著高于对照组和外引流组（P〈0．05）。内引流组STAT3表达于术后4h达到高峰,为42．6％±3．6％,对照组和外引流组分别于术后12h达到高峰,分别为22．9％±2．0％和29．2％±3．7％。内引流组STAT3表达峰值显著高于对照组和外引流组（P〈0．05）。内引流组TNF—d和IL-6水平均于术后12h达到高峰,分别为（227±23）U／L和（256±32）U／L;对照组和外引流组TNF—d和IL-6水平均于术后24h达到高峰,分别为（309±41）U／L和（388±40）U／L、（287±30）U／L和（346±33）U／L,内引流组术后0、1、2、4、12、24、48、72hTNF-0l和IL-6水平显著低于相同时相点对照组和外引流组（P〈0．05）。对照组、内引流组和外引流组大鼠肝组织TNF-dmRNA表达均于术后4h达到高峰,分别为0．92±0．14、0．39±0．05、0．80±0．15,IL-6mRNA于术后12h达到高峰,分别为0．79±0．07、0．38±0．06、0．63±0．10,内引流组术后0、1、2、4、12、24、48、72hTNF—dmRNA和IL-6mRNA表达显著低于相同时相点对照组和外引流组（P〈0．05）。结论内、外引流均可改善梗阻性黄疸大鼠剩余肝脏的再生能力,但内引流效果更明显。内引流术可能通过降低TNF-α和IL-6水平,影响STAT3表达而改善梗阻性黄疸大鼠剩余肝脏的再生能力。     

Differences in biliary lipid excretion after major hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats with preoperative internal,external, or no biliary drainage

Necessity of preoperative biliary drainage for patients with obstructive jaundice is still controversial. We recently reported that liver regeneration after major hepatectomy was better restored in a rat model of obstructive jaundice with preoperative internal biliary drainage than that without biliary drainage or with external biliary drainage. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in biliary lipid excretion after hepatectomy in obstructive jaundiced rats with or without preoperative internal or external biliary drainage. After bile duct ligation for 7 days, rats were randomly divided into the three groups; obstructive jaundice-hepatectomy (OJ-Hx), internal biliary drainage-hepatectomy (ID-Hx), and external biliary drainage-hepatectomy (ED-Hx) groups. 70% hepatectomy and internal biliary drainage were carried out 7 days after biliary decompression in the latter two groups and without biliary decompression in the OJ-Hx group. On the day of and on days 1, 2, 3 and 7 after hepatectomy, the liver weight, DNA synthesis rate, biliary lipids excretion rates, and bile acid composition were determined. In the ID-Hx group, the DNA synthesis rate and relative liver weight were significantly higher than those of the OJ-Hx and ED-Hx groups. The excretion rates of biliary lipids were disturbed in the ED-Hx group compared with those in the ID-Hx group and the values in the OJ-Hx group were in-between the ID-Hx and ED-Hx group. The liver regeneration rate was significantly correlated with bile flow and excretion rates of biliary lipids. The maintenance of enterohepatic circulation of biliary lipids before hepatectomy may be important for the liver regeneration.     

不同胆汁引流方式对梗阻性黄疸大鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响及机制

目的：探讨不同胆汁引流方式对梗阻性黄疸（OJ）大鼠肠黏膜功能的影响及其机制。 方法：将60只SD大鼠采用胆总管结扎法制作OJ模型,1周后随机均分为无引流组（不行胆汁引流术）,内引流组（行胆汁内引流术）和外引流组（行胆汁外引流术）,引流时间1周。以20只假手术大鼠为对照组,实验共2周,结束时分别用ELISA法和Western blot法检测各组血清内毒素水平和小肠黏膜组织闭锁蛋白（occludin）及闭锁小带蛋白1（ZO-1）的表达,并观察小肠黏膜组织形态学改变。 结果：大鼠造模后出现明显的OJ表现,二次手术后,内引流组大鼠一般情况明显好于无引流组和外引流组。无引流组和外引流组OJ大鼠血清内毒素水平明显升高,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.01）,而无引流组与外引流组间内毒素水平差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;内引流组OJ大鼠血清内毒素水平较无引流组和外引流组明显下降（均P<0.01）,与对照组水平无统计学差异（P>0.05）。与对照组比较,无引流组和外引流组OJ大鼠小肠黏膜组织occludin及ZO-1蛋白表达均明显降低（均P<0.01）,且外引流组两者表达水平降低较无引流组更为明显（均P<0.01）;内引流组OJ大鼠的occludin及ZO-1的表达水平明显高于无引流组和外引流组（均P<0.01）,且基本接近对照组（均P>0.05）。病理学观察显示,无引流组和外引流组OJ大鼠肠黏膜结构破坏,大量或中量炎性细胞浸润,而内引流组OJ大鼠组肠黏膜结构完整,仅见少量炎性细胞浸润。 结论：胆汁内引流对OJ大鼠肠黏膜屏障具有保护作用,其机制可能与胆汁维持肠黏膜上皮细胞间紧密连接相关蛋白的表达有关。     

围手术期肠内免疫营养对肝硬化肝切除大鼠肝再生的影响

目的：探讨围手术期内使用肠内免疫营养支持对肝硬化肝切除大鼠肝再生功能的影响。方法：48只肝硬化大鼠随机均分为两组。A组为标准肠内营养组，B组为肠内免疫营养组。依标本采集时间的先后， A, B组再各分为4个亚组。两组大鼠用等热量肠内营养剂喂养8d 后行68％肝切除术，术后再喂养至取标本时间。分别于术前、术后1, 4和8d 取相应亚组大鼠肝组织标本，检测肝细胞有丝分裂指数(MI)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)阳性细胞数。结果：两组大鼠肝切除术后残肝表现出一定的再生能力。B组肝细胞MI和PCNA阳性细胞计数在术后4d 和8d 显著高于A组(P<0.05)。结论：围手术期肠内免疫营养支持较之标准肠内营养支持更能增强肝硬化肝切除大鼠残肝再生能力，使肝再生在术后较长时间内保持高水平。     

血晶素对大鼠70%肝脏切除后再生的影响

目的 探讨血晶素(Hemin)对大鼠70%肝脏切除术后肝脏再生的影响.方法 复制大鼠70%肝脏切除模型,随机分成血晶素治疗组和生理盐水对照组,在术后第1天、第2天、第3天和第7天测定比较肝重/体重、血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、肝脏组织中血晶素加氧酶1(HO-1)含量及肝细胞核增殖蛋白抗原(PCNA)表达指数.结果 术后第7天治疗组肝重/体重明显高于对照组(P<0.05),第3天开始肝细胞 PCNA表达指数较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).治疗组术后肝脏组织中HO-1浓度比对照组高,血清TNF-α的含量比对照组低(P<0.05).结论 血晶素大鼠肝脏70%切除术后肝脏再生的速度明显提高,这可能跟HO-1表达升高有关.