股方肌骨瓣加空心钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨股方肌骨瓣加空心钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床应用价值及治疗效果。方法采用股方肌骨瓣加空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折患者17例,男6例,女11例;年龄19～46岁,平均32岁。术后随访观察股骨颈骨折愈合及股骨头坏死的发生情况。结果本组17例均获得随访,随访时间0．5～5年。术后半年均有骨性愈合,1例术后2年出现股骨头缺血坏死,髋关节疼痛,活动稍有受限,16例股骨头完整,髋关节活动基本正常。结论股方肌骨瓣加空心钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,提高股骨颈骨折的愈合率,降低股骨头坏死的发生率。     

空心钉内固定加股方肌肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨青壮年股骨颈骨折采用空心钉内固定加股方肌肌骨瓣移植的疗效。方法采用Moore切口,股骨颈骨折行切开复位,空心加压螺纹钉内固定,股方肌肌骨瓣移植于股骨颈骨折处30例。结果随诊30例,时间3~5年,优良率96.6%,股骨颈骨折愈合率96.6%,股骨头缺血坏死率13.3%。结论空心钉内固定加股方肌肌骨瓣移植是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的有效方法。骨折愈合率高,坏死率低。     

空心螺钉内固定结合股方肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨联合应用股方肌骨瓣移植加空心加压螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法经髋关节后外侧入路,取股方肌骨瓣移植于股骨颈骨折骨槽内,2～3枚空心加压螺钉内固定治疗22例青壮年股骨颈骨折。术后进行科学合理的功能锻炼。结果经1.5～5年(平均2年3个月)随访,20例4个月～1年均达到骨性愈合。2例股骨头缺血性坏死II期。按Harris髋关节功能评分:优14例,良6例,可2例,优良率达91%。结论应用股方肌骨瓣移植加空心加压螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈新鲜骨折,血供好,固定牢固,促进骨折愈合,减少股骨头坏死的发生,是治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的有效方法。     

两种带血管蒂骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床分析

目的 比较两种带血管蒂骨瓣治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果.方法 1995年1月至2008年12月,收治股骨颈骨折43例,其中交通伤32例,高处坠落伤11例.Garden骨折分型:Ⅲ型26例,Ⅳ型17例.采用股方肌骨瓣加空心螺钉治疗26例,采用带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣治疗17例.术后3～6个月开始部分负重,术后10个月开始完全负重.结果 43例随访8～108个月,骨折愈合时间6～14个月.股方肌骨瓣治疗的病例,骨折不愈合1例,股骨头缺血坏死2例,Sanders功能评分优良率84.6%;带旋髂深血管髂骨瓣治疗的病例,骨折不愈合2例,股骨头缺血坏死3例,Sanders功能评分优良率70.6%.结论 股方肌骨瓣移植治疗对改善骨折端的血运、促进青壮年陈旧性股骨颈骨折的愈合,临床效果要比带旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣更确切可靠.     

股方肌肌骨瓣移植结合空心螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈移位骨折

目的探讨股方肌肌骨瓣移植结合空心螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈移位骨折的临床疗效。方法对28例有明显移位的青壮年股骨颈移位骨折行股方肌肌骨瓣移植结合空心螺钉内固定,并对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 28例均获1.5~5年随访,平均3.5年。骨折愈合率96.6%,坏死率7%。结论股方肌肌骨瓣移植结合空心螺钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈移位骨折操作简单、愈合率高、并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

切开复位内固定联合旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨应用切开复位空心螺钉内固定联合旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年移位型股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对21例年龄15~35岁的青壮年股骨颈骨折(GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型)患者,采用髋部Smith-Peterson切口进行骨折切开复位,空心加压螺钉内固定,将旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植固定于股骨头颈前部的骨槽内,观察股骨颈骨折愈合情况,骨不连、股骨头缺血坏死等并发症发生情况。结果本组21例术后伤口全部甲级愈合,均无感染及骼骨瓣移位,植入的空心螺钉均无退钉。所有患者均获得随访,平均随访24(12~72)个月。所有骨折均在术后6~9月时获得骨性愈合,无骨折不愈合出现,无股骨头缺血坏死病例。1例患者出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状,术后6月时基本恢复正常。髋关节功能Harris评分结果显示优15例,良5例,一般1例,优良率达95.2%。结论切开复位内固定联合旋髂深血管束髂骨瓣移植治疗青壮年移位股骨颈骨折临床效果满意,是治疗年轻患者股骨颈移位骨折的一种较好的方法。     

rhBMP-2联合内固定及股方肌肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的评价空心加压螺钉加股方肌肌骨瓣转位移植联合局部应用rhBMP-2治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法自2010-03—2013-03诊治29例青壮年股骨颈骨折,采取微创髋关节后外侧切口切开复位,3枚空心加压螺钉固定骨折断端,于股骨颈骨折端后侧开一骨槽并在局部放置2 mg rhBMP-2药片,另取股方肌肌骨瓣转位移植嵌插于骨槽内并以1枚空心钉固定,术后随访观察股方肌骨瓣及股骨颈骨折断端愈合时间、髋关节功能、术后股骨头坏死发生率。结果 29例获得随访2~5年,平均3年。所有患者均在4个月内达到骨性愈合,随访期间4例出现股骨头缺血坏死,其中1例有明确外伤病史,另外3例于术后1.5、2、2.5年发生股骨头坏死。末次随访时按髋关节Harris功能评分:优17例,良9例,差3例,优良率达86.21%。结论该方法治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折创伤小、手术时间短,股方肌骨瓣丰富的血液供应及rhBMP-2的骨诱导作用可有效促进骨折愈合,降低骨不连发生率,术后功能恢复好,具有较高的临床应用价值。而rhBMP-2具有促进血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达,诱导新血管生成的能力,但在本研究中股骨头坏死发生率较低是否与应用rhBMP-2有关,还需要进行长期随访的对照研究予以证实。     

空心加压螺钉与股方肌骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折

目的总结空心加压螺纹钉与带股方肌骨瓣移植治疗有移位的青壮年股骨颈骨折的效果。方法 2001—2008年,对有移位的青壮年股骨颈骨折43例,采用切开复位,带股方肌骨瓣移植,C型臂X线机监视下,打入3枚中空加压螺纹钉固定。结果本组43例均获随访,随访时间1.5～9年,平均5年。骨性愈合时间3.5～6个月,骨折愈合共41例,愈合率95.3%。效果评定参照H arris评分标准,优36例（83.7%）,良5例（11.6%）,差2例（占4.7%）。7例渐发展为股骨头缺血坏死,坏死率为16.2%。结论带股方肌骨瓣移植治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折,配合3枚中空加压螺纹加压钉固定,具有损伤小、固定牢靠、骨折愈合快以及并发症少等优点,是值得临床使用的一种方法。     

空心加压螺纹钉内固定、带股方肌骨瓣转移治疗股骨颈骨折42例疗效分析

目的:总结空心加压螺钉固定、股方肌骨瓣转移治疗有移位的股骨颈骨折的效果,探讨影响疗效的相关因素。方法:2005年1月～2011年5月对有移位的股骨颈骨折42例,采用切开复位空心加压螺纹钉内固定,股方肌肌骨瓣转移。同时重视术前牵引、手术时机、良好复位及术后治疗等相关环节。结果:治愈36例,治愈率达85.71%。好转3例。未愈:3例,骨折愈合,术后12～18个月头坏死,头坏死率7.14%。结论:切开复位空心加压螺纹钉内固定,股方肌骨瓣转移治疗股骨颈骨折具有损伤小,固定牢靠,骨折愈合快,并发症少等优点。     

缝匠肌骨瓣移植联合空心钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨缝匠肌骨瓣移植联合空心钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析自2006-01—2015-03采用缝匠肌骨瓣移植联合空心钉内固定治疗的23例青壮年股骨颈骨折,切开关节囊直视下复位骨折并用3枚空心钉固定,取带缝匠肌骨瓣移植于股骨颈骨折骨槽内,用2枚可吸收螺钉固定骨瓣。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均24(15~36)个月。所有患者均获得骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间平均7.4(5~9)个月。2例在术后10个月随访时出现股骨头缺血性坏死。3例下地负重后空心钉有不同程度退出。末次随访时疗效按髋关节功能Harris评分标准评定:优15例,良6例,可2例,优良率91.3%。结论缝匠肌骨瓣移植联合空心钉内固定治疗青壮年股骨颈骨折手术操作相对简单,疗效可靠,可提高骨折愈合率,并降低股骨头缺血性坏死发生率。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.