术前大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸中的应用

目的 探讨术前快速大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸中的应用价值.方法 对2003年7月至2006年5月行术前快速大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗且临床资料完整的16例僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析.其中男性4例,女性12例;年龄12～20岁,平均16岁,术前冠状面Cobb角平均111°,胸椎后凸(T_(5～12))平均64°.术前行Halo-双侧股骨髁上牵引,最大质量(可达体质量的1/2)牵引2～3周后,行后路矫形内固定融合术.对术前Bending像、牵引后和术后侧凸纠正率进行比较.结果 随访12～60个月(平均36个月).最大牵引质量平均19 kg,为体质量的35%～56%.1例患者在牵引12 d后出现右侧臂丛神经麻痹,减轻牵引质量后逐渐恢复.矫形术后无瘫痪、死亡等并发症,无呼吸衰竭的发生.术前平卧位Bending像X线片的侧凸纠正率平均18.7%,Halo-股骨髁上牵引后侧凸纠正率平均达31.9%.与Bending像相比,牵引后侧凸纠正率提高了13.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率平均为48.6%,胸椎后凸矫正率平均为51.9%.末次随访时冠状面矫正丢失率平均为2.0%,矢状面矫正丢失率平均为5.8%.结论 术前短时间大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引结合后路广泛松解可改善僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫形率,但应注意与牵引相关的并发症.     

Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度脊柱侧凸后路矫形的影响

目的探讨Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度先天性脊柱侧凸及特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形效果的影响。方法选取60例重度脊柱侧凸患者分为先天性脊柱侧凸组及特发性脊柱侧凸组,每组30例。CS组术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸分别为95．7°及70．2°。IS患者术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸为91．6°及50．6°。平均随访38个月。结果60例患者平均牵引23d,平均牵引重量16kg。IS组患者Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达39．3％、57．5％,胸椎后凸平均矫正33．7％。CS组Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达35．3％、45．2％,胸椎后凸平均矫正43．5％。两组患者后路矫形术后侧凸及后凸矫正率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。4例患者在牵引过程中并发臂丛神经麻痹,神经功能均在2个月内获得完全恢复。结论Halo-股骨髁上牵引可大幅提高脊柱侧凸尤其是特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫正疗效。     

大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路手术治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效

[目的]探讨大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路手术治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸的可行性及临床疗效。[方法]2007年1月²012年2月本院实施587例脊柱侧弯矫形术,对其中行Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗且临床资料完整的35例重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析。[结果]随访142012年2月本院实施587例脊柱侧弯矫形术,对其中行Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗且临床资料完整的35例重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析。[结果]随访14⁷2个月(平均42个月)。Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗结束后侧凸Cobb角平均(49±11)°,与术前冠状面Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;侧凸纠正率达平均(40.9±9.3)%。后路矫形术后侧凸Cobb角与术前冠状面Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;侧凸矫正率为平均(52.6±8.2)%。术后矢状面后凸Cobb角为(34±10)°,与术前矢状面后凸Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;后凸矫正率平均(51.9±9.3)%。末次随访时冠状面Cobb角平均达(37.6±12)°,与术前冠状面Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;矢状面后凸Cobb角平均(33±10)°,与术前矢状面后凸Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义。躯干移位经牵引后从平均(12.5±3.8)mm矫形至(6.94±4.6)mm,平均改善65.7%。1例患者牵引过程中Halo松动,予以更换,无其他明显牵引并发症发生。矫形术后无瘫痪、死亡等并发症,所有患者均未出现内固定松动或断裂。[结论]Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸中是一种安全有效的治疗方案,结合单纯一期后路矫形手术,可大幅度提高重度非特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫正疗效。     

后路椎体截骨内固定治疗僵硬性脊柱侧凸9例报告

[目的]评价后路椎体截骨矫形固定治疗僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效和适应证的选择。[方法]本院2003年4月~2005年2月采用后路顶椎楔形截骨矫形固定治疗9例僵硬性脊柱侧凸,男5例,女4例;年龄11~23岁,平均14.2岁。先天性侧凸5例,特发性侧凸4例。术前测Cobb s角平均为81.5°,悬吊后平均为67.2°,脊柱柔韧度平均11.5%。伴有神经症状2例,椎管内间隔2例。顶椎截骨平面在T8~11,截骨后采用Scofix器械固定,后路植骨融合。[结果]9例随访6~28个月,平均16.6个月。侧凸Cobb s角平均31.2°,矫正率平均61.3%,矫正丢失率平均2.1%。本组病例全部骨性融合,无断钉、断棒、松动。[结论]后路椎体截骨矫形固定治疗僵硬性脊柱侧凸,适用于中、重度青春期后特发性和重度先天性混合性脊柱侧凸畸形,此方法能一次性完成矫形侧凸,降低神经、血管损伤的发生率,并通过椎弓根系统固定和植骨融合重建脊柱的稳定性,临床疗效肯定。     

CD-Horizon器械在脊柱侧凸后路矫正中的应用

目的:探讨CD-Horizon(CDH)对脊柱侧凸后路矫形固定的效果。方法:应用CDH治疗各种脊柱侧凸63例,术前平均Cobb角65°。其中9例Cobb角90°以上的畸形及2例僵硬型畸形先行前路脊柱松解,术后Halo牵引2周再行后路CDH矫形固定融合术。结果:随访3~27个月,Cobb角术后平均21°,矫正率为67.7%。无死亡,无感染,无神经并发症。结论:CDH是具有多种矫正力的器械;CDH手术操作较简便,对各种复杂畸形的可操作性强,同时具有易拆除等特点。     

一期后路椎间隙松解+Ponte截骨治疗胸腰段脊柱陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形

目的 评价一期后路椎间隙松解+Ponte截骨矫形治疗无神经症状胸腰段脊柱陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年1月我院采用后路椎间隙松解+Ponte截骨矫形治疗无神经症状胸腰段脊柱陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形病人15例,其中男10例,女5例;年龄为38~52岁,平均为44.3岁.采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评价临床症状的改善情况,测量X线侧位片脊柱后凸畸形Cobb角评价后凸畸形的纠正情况,通过CT检查了解植骨融合情况.结果 病人均获得随访,随访时间为12~39个月,平均为18.1个月.脊柱后凸畸形Cobb角术前平均为43.1°±9.0°,术后平均为8.1°±3.0°;VAS评分术前平均为(6.5±1.4)分,术后平均为(2.5±0.8)分;ODI评分术前平均为(37.8±6.1)分,术后平均为(6.7±2.5)分.3个指标术后与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).无血管、神经损伤等严重并发症发生.以上3例病人出现肋间神经麻痹症状,3个月后症状消失.1例出现胸腔积液,经闭式引流治愈.1例植骨愈合欠佳,但是无矫正度丢失和内固定断裂表现;余病例植骨愈合良好.结论 一期后路椎间隙松解+Ponte截骨矫形治疗无神经症状胸腰段脊柱陈旧性骨折并后凸畸形可获得较为满意的临床效果,是治疗此类疾病可供选择的手术方式.     

大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引在重度僵硬性非特发性脊柱侧凸矫形中贡献率的分析

[目的]分析大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗重度僵硬性非特发性脊柱侧凸中的矫形贡献率及临床意义。[方法]对2008年12月~2011年8月在本科住院并采用湘雅阶梯渐进式大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引的26例重度僵硬性非特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析。所有病例术前均行Halo-双侧股骨髁上牵引,牵引2~4周后,术中维持牵引下行一期后路松解内固定矫形植骨融合术。通过测量术前全长站立正位、仰卧位Bending像,支点加压位、牵引后、术后侧凸Cobb角,对各矫形要素(Bending、支点加压、牵引、手术)绝对和相对贡献率进行统计学分析。[结果]牵引过程中未出现钉道松动、感染等并发症,术中及术后均无瘫痪、呼吸衰竭及死亡等并发症,随访时间为(42~70)个月,平均为54.00个月;随访期间无断钉、断棒等现象发生。术前站立位主弯侧凸Cobb角平均93.00°±18.90°(71.00°~121.00°),仰卧位Bending像平均为74.70°±20.04°(52.50°~106.00°),支点加压位平均为68.90°±18.21°(48.00°~96.60°),牵引后平均为59.80°±15.82°(42.00°~79.80°),术后平均为40.60°±12.09°(23.00°~58.10°);各矫形要素(Bending、支点加压、牵引、手术)的绝对贡献率为20.50%±6.02%、6.22%±3.29%、9.63%±5.42%、20.58%±8.61%,总贡献率为56.83%±6.87%(51.50%~67.61%)。2例患者牵引过程中出现背部后凸处皮肤压红,5例出现不同程度膝、髋关节僵硬。[结论]在重度僵硬性非特发性脊柱侧凸治疗中,采用湘雅阶梯渐进式大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引,矫形贡献率相对突出,可有效地使矫形风险分散,降低手术风险,是治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸一种安全、有效的方法。     

胸腔镜下前路松解联合后路矫形治疗脊柱畸形

目的:评价胸腔镜下前路松解联合后路矫形对脊柱畸形的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的19例脊柱畸形行胸腔镜辅助前路松解及后路脊柱畸形矫形植骨融合术患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果:胸腔镜手术时间平均120min,前路松解、阻滞椎间盘平均4.2个。术后14例特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均被纠正到29.4°,4例神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸Cobb角平均被纠正到28°,1例胸椎后凸Cobb角被纠正到58.5°。术后平均随访17.5个月,无矫正度的丢失和其它神经系统及血管损伤并发症。结论:胸腔镜辅助前路脊柱松解是安全、有效的微创手术,联合后路矫形治疗脊柱畸形可获得满意治疗效果。     

后路器械矫正脊柱侧凸的疗效

目的　研究不同后路器械矫正脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法　 6 2例患者采用后路器械矫正脊柱侧凸 ,其中采用三维器械矫正 17例 ,术前额状面Cobb角 4 0°～ 10 5°,平均 6 4 8° ;一维或二维器械矫正4 5例 ,术前额状面Cobb角 4 5°～ 110° ,平均 70 1°。 2 8例严重脊椎侧凸患者加用全脊柱截骨。结果　三维器械矫正组术后Cobb角矫正至 5°～ 4 6° ,平均 36 4°,平均矫正率 5 6 2 % ;一维或二维器械矫正组术后Cobb角矫正至 10°～ 6 0° ,平均 35 3°,平均矫正率 5 0 3% ,与三维矫正组相比 ,无显著性差异 (χ2=0 0 36 ,P >0 0 5 )。本组只有 1例出现可逆性神经根擦伤 ,无严重神经系统并发症。随访结果显示三维矫正组术后矫正角度丢失较少 ,而一维或二维矫正组角度丢失较多。结论　三维脊柱矫正器械矫正脊柱侧凸效果良好 ,术后矫正角度丢失较少 ;传统的哈氏棒及L棒技术因其价廉仍有其临床应用价值 ,但需注意角度丢失的问题。严重脊柱侧凸的矫正需行脊柱截骨术 ,诱发电位的监测对预防神经系统并发症有重要价值     

后路一期全脊椎截骨术治疗重度僵硬型脊柱侧后凸

目的:评价后路一期全脊椎截骨矫形治疗重度僵硬型脊柱侧后凸的安全性及效果。方法:1998年1月￣2004年1月,对26例重度僵硬型脊柱侧后凸患者行手术治疗,男10例,女16例,年龄9￣37岁,平均17.4岁。其中先天性脊柱侧后凸14例,特发性脊柱侧后凸7例,脊柱侧凸术后翻修5例。术前侧凸Cobb角76°￣151°,平均98°,后凸92°￣153°,平均106°,躯干偏移2￣7.9cm,平均3.6cm。其中5例存在不同程度的下肢神经症状,18例存在中、重度限制性呼吸功能障碍。所有患者均行后路一期经顶椎全脊椎截骨、经椎弓根固定、植骨融合术。结果:所有患者安全接受手术,手术时间3.5￣5.5h,平均4.2h,术中出血量920￣2100ml,平均1120ml。术后1周左右戴支具下地,5例术前神经损害者有不同程度的恢复。无神经损伤等严重并发症发生。术后侧凸Cobb角30°￣79°,平均52.3°,矫正率61.1%;后凸42°￣86°,平均52.3°,矫正率51.6%;躯干偏移0￣1.9cm,平均1.2cm,矫正率71%;身高增长6￣11.5cm,平均7.2cm。所有患者随访1年以上(1￣5.2年),1例术后9个月发现假关节及固定棒断裂,经过再次手术换棒、植骨后融合。末次随访时96%患者对治疗结果表示满意。结论:后路一期全脊椎截骨术治疗重度僵硬型脊柱侧后凸畸形可安全实施,矫正效果良好。     

Open posterior stabilization for recurrent posterior glenohumeral instability

Open posterior capsular shift is used for posterior glenohumeral instability that has failed nonoperative treatment. Few series have fully evaluated the outcome after open posterior stabilization. The purpose of this series was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome after open posterior stabilization of the shoulder. Preoperative and intraoperative factors were analyzed with regard to their impact on results. Forty-eight consecutive shoulders were identified that had undergone primary open shoulder stabilization by use of open posterior capsular shift. Of the shoulders, 4 were lost to follow-up, resulting in a study group of 44 shoulders in 41 patients. Shoulders were evaluated at a range of 1.8 to 22.5 years after surgery by use of the L'Insalata shoulder form, Short Form-36 (SF-36), and a subjective shoulder rating in 44 shoulders. Thirty-nine shoulders were evaluated by physical examination, and thirty-seven underwent radiographic examination. A recurrence of posterior instability occurred in 8 shoulders (19%). Of the patients, 84% were satisfied with the current status of their shoulder. The mean L'Insalata score was 81.25+/-17.8 points, the mean SF-36 physical component score was 50.81+/-7.87, and the mean mental component score was 53.82+/-7.55. Significantly poorer satisfaction and outcome scores were seen in shoulders found to have a chondral defect at the time of stabilization and in patients aged greater than 37 years at the time of surgery. No progressive radiographic signs of glenohumeral arthritis were seen up to 22 years after surgery. Open posterior shoulder stabilization is a reliable procedure for treating significant posterior instability without causing arthritic changes. Patients found to have chondral damage within the shoulder and older patients were found to have less success after stabilization.     

寰椎后弓螺钉在寰枢椎后路固定融合手术中的应用

<正>目前对于治疗寰枢椎不稳或脱位的手术方法有多种,常用术式为后路钉棒系统固定融合术,其中寰椎安全顺利置钉为手术成败的关键,若术中寰椎置钉不成功或不顺利,可能导致手术时间增加,手术风险加大,临床需要一种安全、可靠、操作相对简单的手术补救措施。我科2013年12月~2015年1月收治的寰枢椎不稳患者均行寰枢椎后路固定融合手术,其中4例因术中置入寰椎椎弓根螺钉     

Sacrocolpopexy without concomitant posterior repair improves posterior compartment defects

The aim of this study is to determine posterior compartment topography 1-year after sacrocolpopexy (SC). Women who had SC without concomitant anterior or posterior repairs for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) were included. Vaginal topography was assessed at baseline and 1-year postoperatively using POP quantification (POPQ). At baseline, 24% had stage IV POP, 68% stage III, and 8% stage II. One year after surgery, 75% had stage 0/I POP, 24% stage II, and 1% stage III. 112 (75%) were objectively cured (stage 0 or I POP). Anterior compartment was the most common site of POP persistence or recurrence (Ba >/= stage II in 23 women) followed by posterior compartment (Bp >/= stage II in 12 women) and apex (C >/= stage II in 2 women). In 1-year follow-up, SC without concomitant posterior repair restores posterior vaginal topography in the majority of women with undergoing SC.     

髋臼后柱骨折与后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗

目的探讨髋臼后柱骨折、后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法15例A2型髋臼骨折均采用手术治疗。手术入路：Kocher-Langenbeck入路6例，改良Kocher-Langenbeck入路9例。结果15例中达到解剖复位13例，复位欠佳2例。获得随访11例，随访时间1～4年，平均2年。关节功能按改良d-Aubigne和Postel功能评定标准，优良10例，可1例。术后异位骨化Brookel Ⅰ度1例、Ⅱ度2例。原发坐骨神经损伤2例，1例在1年后恢复，另1例未恢复。结论只有把患髋前后位片、闭孔斜位片、髂骨斜位片、CT平扫图像、SSD重建图像、MPR图像和VRT重建图像结合起来，才能做出髋臼后柱骨折或后柱伴后壁骨折的诊断。绝大多数髋臼后柱骨折和后柱伴后壁骨折需行玎放复位内固定，复位后柱骨折的最好方法是联合使用Schanz螺钉与Farabeuf钳，术中根据具体情况选择1块或2块后柱重建钢板固定。     

Fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach

Objective  Stable internal screw fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach. Indications  Complete, unstable sacroiliac dislocations with incompetence of anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Sacroiliac fracture dislocations. Displaced vertical sacral fractures. Contraindications  Damage to posterior soft tissues. Acceptable closed reduction of sacrum or sacroiliac joint. Ipsilateral acetabular fractures treated through an anterior approach. Inadequate intraoperative fluoroscopic visualization of posterior pelvis. Surgical Technique  Vertical paramedian incision overlying the sacroiliac joint. Release of origin of gluteus maximus. Inspection and reduction of sacroiliac joint. Stabilization with iliosacral screws under image intensification. Secure repair of gluteal fascia. Results  107 patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of which 83 had an open reduction of posterior ring injuries. Accuracy of reduction: more than 95% of patients had residual displacement of less than 10 mm. Two patients had a deep wound infection postoperatively. Two-thirds of the patients were able to resume their previous occupation. Pain was either absent or occurred only with strenuous activities. 63% had a normal gait.     

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 12 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction by posterior segmental instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of 12 patients with hemivertebra treated by hemivertebra resection by single posterior approach and correction with segmental posterior instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra causes extremely severe curves in some patients. Posterior fusion or posterior and anterior hemi-epiphysiodesis is performed to prevent progression of the deformity. The results of these procedures have been variable and not promising, especially in an adolescent patient with fixed kyphoscoliotic deformity. Hemivertebra resection offers more certain results and better correction of the deformity. To date, hemivertebra resection is performed by anterior and posterior approaches either by one-stage or two-stage operation. Few reports have been published describing a procedure consisting of one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction of the deformity by segmental posterior instrumentation. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with a single hemivertebra between the ages 8-24 years who underwent operative treatment were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had a single nonincarcerated hemivertebra [T9 (1 patient), T10 (2), T11 (2), T12 (4), and L1 (3)]. After posterior hemivertebra resection, segmental posterior instrumentation was used for correction of the kyphoscoliotic deformity [CD (4 patients), Kaneda SR (2), and ISOLA (6)]. Radiographic evaluations were conducted on the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: All 12 patients had kyphoscoliotic deformity. Preoperative scoliosis averaging 49 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (correction rate, 64%). Preoperative kyphosis of 40 degrees was corrected to 17 degrees of kyphosis. Trunk shift of 23 mm was improved to 3 mm. Correction loss was 2 degrees in the frontal plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and no patients showed more than 5 degrees of correction loss. No intraoperative complications were noted. Solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and no implant failure was verified at the final radiographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that correction of kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra can be effectively conducted by one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation. The operation was safe, and no associated adverse complications were noted. This procedure is best indicated for adolescent patients with a structural kyphoscoliotic deformity caused by a thoracic or thoracolumbar single hemivertebra.     

Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the posterior trans-septal portal

We describe an arthroscopic technique for the reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), while preserving the remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, using the posterior trans-septal portal. The posterior trans-septal portal provides an excellent visualization of the PCL tibial attachment and an easy access to the tibial tunnel without injuring any neurovascular structure. The remnant bundle of the original PCL and meniscofemoral ligament, which significantly contributes to the posterior stability of the knee joint, are preserved to be healed with a graft and subsequently form an integrated structure. We report a new arthroscopic technique for an effective reconstruction of the PCL, using the posterior trans-septal portal.