Ph阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者驱动基因突变的临床分析

目的:探讨费城染色体阴性(Ph~-)骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者驱动基因突变与患者临床特征的关系,为疾病诊治提供依据。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月于福建医科大学附属协和医院住院的410例Ph~-经典型MPN患者临床资料,包括真性红细胞增多症(PV)150例,原发性血小板增多症(ET)188例和原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)72例。JAK2 V617F、JAK2 exon12、CALR和MPL W515L/K突变采用PCR或DNA测序的方法检测,电话或门诊随访更新患者临床资料。结果:在410例Ph~- MPN患者中,136(33.2%)例患者初诊时无症状;389例患者行基因检测发现87.1%(122/140)PV患者检出JAK2 V617F,JAK2 exon12突变1例;64.1%(118/184)ET患者检出JAK2 V617F,MPL W515L/K突变1例,CALR突变18(9.8%)例;64.6%(42/65)PMF患者检出JAK2 V617F,MPL W515L/K突变1例,CALR突变5(7.7%)例。JAK2 V617F突变PV患者在年龄、外周血白细胞、血小板计数和脾肿大发生率方面均高于其野生型患者(P0.05);JAK2 V617F突变ET患者在年龄、白细胞计数及血栓事件发生率方面均高于其野生型及CALR突变患者,血红蛋白水平高于其野生型患者,而血小板计数低于其野生型及CALR突变患者(P0.05);JAK2 V617F或CALR突变PMF患者脾肿大发生率均高于JAK2 V617F野生型患者,JAK2V617F野生型PMF患者白血病转化率高于其突变型患者(P0.05)。结论:在Ph~- MPN患者中,驱动基因突变类型与患者临床特征及预后密切相关。     

骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者骨髓间充质干细胞生物学特性及其JAK2突变的研究

目的 研究骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)的生物学特性,检测其BMSC是否存在JAK2基因突变.方法 体外分离培养健康志愿者和初诊MPN患者BMSC,光学显微镜下行细胞形态学观察;流式细胞术鉴定BMSC表面标志;检测BMSC成脂、成骨、成软骨分化能力;检测MPN患者BMSC以及外周血或骨髓单个核细胞是否存在JAK2 V617F、JAK2基因12号外显子(JAK2 exon12)突变.结果 MPN患者的BMSC细胞形态、表面标志、分化能力与正常对照相比无明显差异.检测到2l例真性红细胞增多症(PV)、17例原发性血小板增多症(ET)及1例原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)患者外周血(或骨髓)标本存在JAK2 V617F突变,但未发现其BMSC存在该突变.检测到2例Pv和1例ET患者外周血(或骨髓)标本存在JAK2 exon 12突变,但未发现其BMSC存在该突变.结论 MPN患者BMSC与健康志愿者BMSC的生物学特性无明显差异;在外周血或骨髓单个核细胞JAK2基因突变阳性及阴性的MPN患者中,均未检测到其BMSC存在该突变.     

JAK2V617F基因突变的骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者的临床特征分析

目的 研究JAK2V617F基因突变的骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者的临床特征。方法 选取郑州大学第一附属医院2017年1月1日至2021年12月31日收治的442例MPN患者纳入研究，其中真性红细胞增多症(PV)170例，原发性血小板增多症(ET)242例，原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)30例。以回顾性分析法，观察分析JAK2V617F基因突变的骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者的临床特征及实验室检查结果。结果 442例MPN患者中，JAK2V617F基因发生突变320例，阳性率为72.4%。其中，170例PV患者中JAK2V617F基因突变型153例(阳性率为90.0%),242例ET患者中JAK2V617F基因突变144例(阳性率为59.5%),30例PMF患者中JAK2V617F基因突变23例(阳性率为76.7%)。320例突变阳性患者中，脾脏肿大162例，其中PV 66例，ET 75例，PMF 21例。JAK2V617F基因突变型PV患者中骨髓增生极度活跃所占比重为3.9%(6/153),显著活跃所占比重为60.1%(92/153),增生活跃及以上所占比重为64.1%(98/153)。JAK2V6...     

多重位点特异性PCR检测骨髓增殖性疾病五种JAK2基因突变

目的 建立一种同时检测多种JAK2基因突变的多重位点特异性PCR方法,并探讨其对骨髓增殖性疾病(MPD)的临床应用价值.方法 建立同时枪测JAK2 V617F突变和JAK2 exon12中K539L(包括2种基因突变)、N542-E543del和E543-D544del突变的多重位点特异性PCR方法.对115例MPD患者进行检测,包括61例真性红细胞增多症(PV)患者、43例原发性血小板增多症(ET)患者和11例原发性骨髓纤维化(MF)患者.结果 建立的PCR方法可以同时检测上述5种JAK2基因突变,可以检测出1%的JAK2 V617F突变型等位基因,对其他几种突变可检测出0.1%的突变型等位基因.在61例PV患者中,检测出JAK2 V617F突变56例、JAK2 exon12突变3例;在43例ET患者中,检测出JAK2 V617F突变27例,未检测到JAK2 exon12突变;在11例MF患者中,检测到JAK2 V617F突变6例,未检测到JAK2 V617F突变.3例JAK2 exon12突变的患者临床表现为血红蛋白增多,内源性红系集落生成阳性,但白细胞和血小板增多不明显,不伴脾肿大.结论 多重位点特异性PCR方法检测灵敏度高,可联合检测5种JAK2基因突变,能有效提高突变检出率.     

骨髓增殖性肿瘤JAK2V617F基因突变的临床意义

蛋白质酪氨酸激酶是信号通路中的重要调控因子,也是重要的治疗靶标[1]。2005年,5个研究小组同时发现在费城染色体阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN),即真性红细胞增多症(PV)、原发性血小板增多症(ET)及原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)患者体内存在JAK2V617F突变[2]。JAK2V617F突变体的     

骨髓增殖性肿瘤中STAT3基因的变异及其意义

目的:检测骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者STAT3基因的突变和单核苷酸多态性,分析其与骨髓增殖性肿瘤各亚型之间的关系。方法:选取147例MPN患者,包括真性红细胞增多症(PV)28例,原发性血小板增多症(ET)46例,原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)10例及慢性髓系白血病(CML)63例。以88名健康人为正常对照。提取所有病例骨髓或外周血的DNA,采用位点特异性PCR检测JAK2V617F基因突变;用PCR扩增STAT3基因23个外显子,测序分析STAT3基因的突变及Rs2293152的单核苷酸多态性。结果:8例CML患者出现STAT3基因突变,且均为新发突变,突变率12.7%,其中3例为错义突变(S629T),5例为同义突变(Q469Q 3例、G618G 2例),其中1例同时有S629T及G618G 2个位点的突变;正常对照组无突变。Rs2293152检测显示,CML组G等位基因均明显高于正常对照、PV、ET、PMF组(P 0.01),提示携带G等位基因的患者可能更容易发生CML;PV、ET及PMF组C等位基因均明显高于CML组(P 0.05),提示携带C等位基因的患者可能更容易发生PV、ET及PMF;JAK2V617F阴性组G等位基因较正常对照组及JAK2V617F阳性组明显降低(P0.01),提示携带Rs2293152 G等位基因可能是JAK2V617F突变的保护性因子。结论:在MPN患者中,STAT3基因不稳定,容易发生突变,其Rs2293152位点上不同的等位基因与骨髓增殖性肿瘤中的不同亚型有关,与JAK2V617F阴性的MPN有关。     

骨髓增殖性肿瘤中JAK2V617F突变及其与临床特征的关系

目的研究JAK2V617F基因突变在骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPNs)患者中的表达情况、临床特征及治疗效果的相关性,为临床明确诊断、选择最佳治疗方案。方法收集该院2010年1月至2014年12月门诊及住院确诊为BCR/ABL阴性MPNs患者,采用等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应技术检测各组患者JAK2V617F突变,根据情况给予羟基脲和(或)干扰素治疗,定期进行门诊随访。结果 90例MPNs患者中JAK2V617F突变阳性率为63.3%,其中真性红细胞增多症(PV)82.9%、原发性血小板增多症(ET)45.2%、原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)50.0%、骨髓增殖性肿瘤不能分类(MPN-U)66.7%;PV、ET两组患者JAK2V617F突变阳性率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);JAK2V617F突变阳性的PV患者的白细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞计数及并发症的发生率较阴性者高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),JAK2V617F突变阳性的ET患者白细胞计数及并发症的发生率较阴性者更高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);合并并发症的MPNs患者与无并发症的MPNs患者相比具有更高的白细胞计数,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);羟基脲对MPNs患者JAK2V617F突变阳性者的治疗有效率更高,羟基脲联合干扰素组的有效率高于单用羟基脲组及单用干扰素组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同MPNs亚型的JAK2V617F突变发生率存在差异;MPNs患者中JAK2V617F突变与疾病的各项临床特征密切相关;JAK2V617F突变阳性MPNs患者对羟基脲治疗敏感性更高,且羟基脲联合干扰素治疗效果优于单用羟基脲或干扰素。     

骨髓增殖性肿瘤发病分子机制研究进展

经典的BCR/ABL阴性的骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN),包括真性红细胞增多症(PV)、原发性血小板增多症(ET)、原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF),是一组起源于多能造血干细胞的恶性骨髓增殖性疾病。单一的JAK2基因V617F突变并不能解释3种疾病临床表现的差异。最近的研究表明,JAK2V617F突变负荷、其他MPN相关基因突变,如TET2、ASXL1等,以及遗传易感性可能参与了MPN复杂的发病机制。本文就这3方面研究进展作一综述。     

135例骨髓增殖性肿瘤患者JAK2基因突变的定量研究

目的 研究JAK2基因突变在骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)中的发生率和突变类型.并对突变转录本水平进行定量分析,初步探讨其临床意义.方法 采用突变序列扩增系统PCR(ARMS-PCR)法检测JAK2突变的发生率及其突变类型;采用毛细管电泳法定量分析JAK2突变转录本水平.结果 135例MPN患者共检出95例JAK2V617F阳性,总阳性率为70.4%;真性红细胞增多症(PV)患者JAK2V617F突变发生率为97.4%,原发性血小板增多症(ET)为59.6%,3例特发性骨髓纤维化(IMF)中2例阳性;95例突变患者中纯合突变36例,杂合突变59例,其中PV患者纯合突变发生率为47.3%,高于ET患者的18.1%(P<0.05).纯合突变者其JAK2V617F突变转录本水平高于杂合突变者(P<0.05),杂合型PV患者的JAK2V617F突变转录本水平高于杂合型ET患者(P<0.05);JAK2V617F突变高表达组(转录本水平为70%～100%)的平均年龄高于低表达组(转录本水平为47.3%～70.0%),且两者年龄均较JAK2V617F阴性组为高(P<0.05);年龄<60岁者其JAK2V617F转录本水平低于≥60岁者(P<0.001);PV患者中,JAK2V617F高表达组其白细胞计数高于低表达组(P<0.001),ET患者中,JAK2V617F高表达组其白细胞计数高于低表达组(P<0.05),且二者均较阴性组为高(P<0.05),血红蛋白水平在高表达组与低表达组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但二者均较阴性组为高(P<0.05).101例患者进行了染色体检查,未发现核型异常与JAK2V617F突变之间存在相关性.结论 ARMS-PCR可作为检测JAK2V617F突变较灵敏的方法 ,结合毛细管电泳可用于此突变的定量分析以及临床MPN的诊断和微量残留病的检测.     

Ph阴性经典骨髓增殖性肿瘤:关键概念和欧洲白血病网的治疗建议

1 引言 超过90%的真性红细胞增多症(polycythemia vera,PV)和60%左右的原发性血小板增多症(essential thrombocythemia,ET)或原发性骨髓纤维化(primary myelofibrosis,PMF)患者蛋白酪氨酸激酶JAK2存在突变(V617F),这一发现改变了我们对Ph阴性经典骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myeloproliferative neoplasms,MPNs)临床和生物学特征的认识.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.     

自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用

目的 探讨自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊科社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者诊断中的价值.方法 根据病史、肺功能测定结果、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断标准,将111例CAP患者分为单纯CAP组(56例)和COPD合并CAP组[即慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)组,55例].询问患者病史后即刻抽取动脉血测血气并进行自动化酸碱平衡图分析.结果 血气分析结果显示,AECOPD组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2,kPa)、HCO3- (mmol/L)、剩余碱(BE,mmol/L)均显著高于CAP组(PaCO2:7.714±2.414比5.896±1.308,HCO3-:30.767±7.185比25.014±3.043,BE:4.345±5.371比-0.354±3.180,均P＜0.01).自动化酸碱平衡图分析结果显示,AECOPD组患者酸碱平衡紊乱高达89.1％,CAP组为66.1％.将AECOPD组和CAP组患者中正常(10.9％、33.9％)、急性呼吸性酸中毒(急性呼酸,12.7％、14.3％)、慢性呼吸性酸中毒(慢性呼酸,49.1％、10.7％)、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,7.3％、14.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸,12.7％、17.9％)、代谢性碱中毒(代碱,12.7％、8.9％)综合进行x2分析,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.421,P=0.001),而将正常、急性呼酸、呼碱、代酸及代碱进行x2分析,差异无统计学意义(x2=5.280,P=0.260),提示AECOPD患者慢性呼酸的发生率较单纯CAP患者显著增加.结论 自动化酸碱平衡图能帮助急诊科医师快速识别CAP患者是否存在多重酸碱平衡紊乱,并可快速识别急、慢性呼吸系统疾病.