管型吻合器在食管肿瘤及贲门癌手术中的应用

目的 观察食管肿瘤、贲门癌切除后应用管型吻合器吻合的手术效果.方法 食管、贲门癌切除后应用管型吻合器吻合患者1800例,采用管型吻合器行食管-胃颈部吻合182例、食管-胃、食管-空肠胸内吻合1296例、腹腔内吻合322例.观察应用上海GF-I型和YH-W一次性管型消化道吻合器致吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、吻合口出血和吻合器机械故障等并发症发生率.结果 术后发生吻合口瘘15例(15/1800,0.83%,上海GF-I型吻合器10例,YH-W一次性吻合器5例,χ2=11.32,P=0.0089),其中颈部吻合口瘘6例;吻合口狭窄41例(41/1800,3.11%,上海GF-I型吻合器15例,YH-W一次性吻合器26例,χ2=3.842,P=0.0840),吻合口狭窄经扩张均恢复正常饮食.吻合口出血21例(21/1800,1.16%,上海GF-I型吻合器13例,YH-W一次性吻合器8例,χ2=15.38,P=0.0046).术中出现吻合器机械故障14例(14/1800,0.78%,上海GF-I型吻合器10例,YH-W一次性吻合器4例,χ2=14.52,P=0.0075).结论 机械吻合是减少食管肿瘤、贲门癌术后并发症有效方法之一,YH-W一次性吻合器具有更高的临床应用价值.

Abstract：

Objective To analyse the effects of anastomat to the resection surgery in 1800 esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma patients. Methods The Esophagus-gaster and Esophagus-intestine were stapled by anastomat in the cervical region in 182 cases、 intrathoracically in 1296 cases and intraperitoneal in 322cases. The occurrence of complications caused by anastomat, including anastomotic fistula,anastomotic stricture,anastomotic bleeding and mechanical failure,were observed. Results Anastomotic fistula occurred in 15 cases ( 15/1800,0.83% ,ten cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat ,five cases took YH-W single disposable single anastomat ), among which 6 cases had the cervical anastomosis; Anastomotic stricture occurred in 41 cases ( 41 /1800,3.11%, fifteen cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat, twenty-six took YH-W single disposable single anastomat) ,but all of them recovered after dilatation; Anastomotic bleeding occurred in 21 cases (21/18001.16%, thirteen cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat, eight took YH-W single disposable single anastomat) ;Anastomat mechanical failure in operation occurred in 14 cases( 14/1800,0. 78% ,ten cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat, four took YH-W single disposable single anastomat). Conclusion Anastomat is an effective method in reducing the postoperational complications of esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma resection. Disposable single anastomat has higher clinical value.     

神经导航联合脑皮质电图监测在切除脑功能区胶质瘤中的应用

目的 探讨神经导航联合脑皮质电图监测在脑功能区肿瘤手术中的作用和意义.方法 脑功能区脑胶质瘤患者36例,在神经导航联合脑皮质电图监测下进行显微外科手术,观察其手术效果及并发症发生率.结果 神经导航注册精度位(2.0±0.5)mm,利用导航设计的皮瓣与骨瓣完全符合手术要求;术中肿瘤全切除31例,次全切除5例,术后神经功能改善,无明显并发症,无死亡.结论 术中电生理技术能对导航确定的功能区进行再确认,解决术中脑移位及功能构建问题,有助于提高肿瘤全切除率及减少并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects and significance of neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring in resection of eloquent brain glioma. Methods Thirty-six cases with intracranial tumors accepted microneurosurgery resection under neuronavigation and electrocorticography monitoring. The clinical data and postoperative outcome were analyzed. Results The mean registration error was (2.0 ±0. 5)mm in all operations and all skin flaps and bone windows designed by neuronavigation could fit the operation demands. Total resectin of the tumor was achieved in 31 cases and subtotal resection in 5 cases. Neurological symptoms improved and no severe complications or death happened in all patients. Conclusion Neuronavigation combined with electrocorticography monitoring can accurately locate the eloquent glioma and retrieve the brain shift. This method is a real-time technique and has functional test ability. It can improve the total removal rate and decrease the mortality and disabled rate.     

根治性经尿道汽化电切术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的探讨

目的 探讨根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的疗效.方法 2008年2月至2010年2月对36例浸润性膀胱癌患者,施行了根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术,手术参照根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术原则,肿瘤部位切除至膀胱外脂肪层.术后给予卡介苗膀胱灌注治疗,随访3～24个月.结果 2年内复发12例,复发率33.3%(12/36),对复发者再次行经尿道膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术.2年内死亡6例,病死率16.7%(6/36).结论 对年老体弱不能耐受或不愿意接受膀胱全切的浸润性膀胱癌患者可施行根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤汽化电切术,以达到延长生命,提高生活质量的目的.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the efficacy of radical transurethral electrovaporization for invasive bladder cancer. Methods Thirty-six patients with invasive bladder cancer from february 2008 to February 2010 were treated by transurethral electrovaporization resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The operation procedure was based upon the principle of radical transurethral resection for bladder tumor. The tumor was resected to fatty layer outside the bladder wall. After operation Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) irrigation of bladder was given,all patients were followed up for 3 to 24 months. Results The recurrence occurred in 12 cases in 2 years,with a recurrence rate of 33. 3% (12/36). These recurrence cases were treated with TURBT again. Six cases dead in 2 years,with a mortality of 16. 7% (6/36). Conclusion TURBT is suitable for those who are older or weak,and not medically fit for radical cystectomy or those who refuse the open surgery,which can prolong the survival time and improve the quality of life.     

不同术式治疗104例肝门胆管癌疗效及生存分析

目的 探讨不同手术方式治疗肝门胆管癌的疗效.方法 比较我科1998-2008年手术治疗104例肝门胆管癌的疗效.其中根治性切除45例,姑息性切除38例,体外桥式引流21例.结果 93例获得5～67个月随访.根治性切除与姑息性切除1年生存率分别为80.0%(32/40)、86.8%(33/38),2组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.01);2年生存率分别为67.5%(27/40)、39.5%(15/38),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3年生存率分别为37.5%(15/40)、13.2%(5/38),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).姑息性切除1年生存率优于体外桥式引流(P＜0.01).结论 手术是治疗肝门胆管癌最有效的方法,根治性切除可延长患者生存时间,根治性手术优于姑息性手术,而姑息性手术优于体外桥式引流术.对重度黄疸合并胆道感染患者术前选择性引流减黄可增加手术的安全性.

Abstract：

Objective To study the efficacy of surgical treatment in hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients. Methods One hundred and four cases underwent surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma were retrospective enrolled in the study from 1998 to 2008, including 45 cases of radical resection, 38 cases of palliative resection, vitro bridge drainage in 21 cases, 93 cases of postoperative patients. Ninty-three patients were followed up for 5 - 67 months, the different procedures of the treatment was summerized. Results Oneyear survival rate of radical resection and palliative resection was 80. 0% ( 32/40 ) and 86. 8% ( 33/38 ),respectively. No significant difference between the two groups (P ＞0. 01 ) were found; 2-year survival rate was 67. 5% (27/40) and 39. 5% ( 15/38), with significant difference between the two groups (P ＜0. 01 ) ;3-year survival rates were 37.5% ( 15/40 ) and 13.2% ( 5/38 ), with significant difference between the two groups (P＜0. 05). Palliative resection had higher 1-year survival rate than in vitro bridge drainage(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most effective way to prolong the survival time of radical resection, radical surgery had better efficacy than palliative surgery, and palliative surgery is superior to external drainage. In patients of severe jaundice combined with biliary drainage infection, preoperative bridge drainage would improve the safety.     

分化型甲状腺癌再次手术治疗分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌再次手术的原因、必要性和对策.方法 回顾性分析我院2000-2010年收治的124例分化型甲状腺癌患者再次手术的临床资料.结果 124例甲状腺癌再次手术病例中,75例甲状腺癌误诊为甲状腺良性病变,而行肿瘤局部切除或一侧腺叶次全切除术,手术切除范围不够;39例为首次手术方式选择不当,其中27例已有颈淋巴结转移,未行颈淋巴结清扫术,12例因颈淋巴结转移癌仅行淋巴结活检,忽视甲状腺肿瘤的诊断;10例因为快速病理检查未能诊断甲状腺癌而再次手术.最终病理检查证实肿瘤的残留率为50%(62/124),并发症发生率为4.03%(5/124).结论 甲状腺癌误诊为良性病变是造成再次手术的主要原因;不规范甲状腺癌手术后再次手术是必要的;提高术者对甲状腺癌的认识水平,强调术中快速冰冻切片病检在甲状腺手术中常规应用,选择恰当的手术方式,是避免甲状腺癌再次手术的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the main causes, necessity and strategy of reoperation in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Methods The clinical data of 124 patients with thyroid cancer who needed reoperation from 2000 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Results In the 124 patients with thyroid cancer required for reoperation, 75 cases were misdiagnosed as benign thyroid tumor and previously received local nodulectomy or subtotal lobectomy, in which the extent of resection was not enough; in 39 cases, the first time surgical modality were unsuitable, of which 27 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis were not performed cervical lymph node dissection, and 12 cases with cervical lymph node metastasis cancer were only performed lymph node biopsy, and the diagnosis of thyroid cancer was ignored. 10 cases suffered reoperation because of failure to diagnosis thyroid cancer by quick pathologic diagnosis. The rate of residual cancer was 50% (62/124) by final pathologic diagnosis,and the rate of complication was 4.03% (5/124). Conclusion Misdiagnosis of thyroid cancer as benign thyroid tumor is the main cause of reoperation. Reoperation is necessary for those patients who received nonstandardized operation. The key points of avoiding reoperation are to improve cognitive level of operator for thyroid cancer, to emphasize the routine application of quick pathologic diagnosis during operation of thyroid and select the best suitable surgical modality.     

宫颈上皮内瘤变750例诊断与治疗分析

目的 探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)的诊断与治疗方法 及其临床效果.方法 收集2004年1月至2009年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院松江分院经细胞学筛查、阴道镜活检、组织病理学诊断为CIN者作为分析对象.根据病变程度和患者意愿实施药物、物理、宫颈锥切和子宫切除治疗.依据切除标本病理诊断,追加手术或放化疗.治疗后6、24个月随访,比较分析病理诊断及治疗效果.结果 宫颈癌三阶梯筛查诊断CIN 750例,其中CIN Ⅰ 460例,CINⅡ180例,CINⅢ 110例.接受治疗578例,其中药物治疗46例,6个月后病灶消失32例、持续10例、升级2例、癌变2例;物理治疗13例,无复发;锥切治疗435例,术后诊断升级34例,复发4例;子宫切除治疗84例,术后诊断升级11例,无复发.升级和复发病例均行相应补充治疗.各级CIN采用物理、锥切、子宫切除治疗2年有效率均达98%以上,药物治疗有效率为69.7%.阴道镜活检浸润癌漏诊率为2.2%,锥切后子宫切除标本病灶残留率为16.2%.结论 阴道镜检查多点活检早期诊断CIN具有极高的准确性和特异性.宫颈锥切是CIN的主要治疗方法.CINⅢ无生育要求者宫颈锥切后子宫切除.药物保守治疗CIN要慎重.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and their clinical effect Methods The cases who were diagnosed as CIN through cytology, colposcopy biopsy and histopathological diagnosis were collected from January 2004 to June 2009 in Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School. Drug therapy, physical therapy, cervical conization and hysterectomy were performed according to the lesion degree of CIN and patients' willingness. Some cases were further treated with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy according to the pathological findings of the initial excision specimens. With long-term follow-up at 6,24 months after the treatment,we performed a comparative analysis on pathological diagnosis and therapeutic effects. Results Seven hundred and fifty cases of CIN were diagnosed after cervical cancer screening,among which,460 cases of CIN Ⅰ ,180 cases of CINⅢⅡ and 110 cases of CIN Ⅲ. Five hundred and Senventy-eight cases received treatment, among which, 46 cases received drug treatment After 6 months, focus disappeared in 32 cases, sustained in 10 cases, upgraded in 2 cases and canceration occurred in 2 cases. 13 cases received physical therapy,no recurrence occured. Four hundred and thirty-five cases received conization treatment, 34 cases with focus upgraded and 4 case recurred after the operation. 84 cases received hysterectomy, of which, 11 cases focus upgraded after the operation and no recurrence. The cases with focus upgraded or recurred all received additional treatment. The effective rate of physical therapy,conization treatment and hysterectomy on all grades of CIN was more than 98% at 2 years, and 69. 7% of drug treatment. The omission diagnostic rate of colposcopy guided biopsy on invasive carcinoma was 2. 2% , and the residual rate of focus of hysterectomy specimens after conization was 16. 2% . Conclusion Colposcopy including multi-point biopsy has high accuracy and specificity in early diagnosis of CIN . Cervical conization is the main method of the treatment of CIN. Patients with CIN Ⅲ and without desire of fertility should consider the removal of the uterus after cervical conization. Drug conservative therapy of CIN should be chosen carefully.     

大面积脑梗死的早期诊断对神经功能恢复的影响

Background: Because there are acute occurrence and severe clinical findings in large area cerebral infarction, early diagnosis is very significant to early treatment and nerve function recovery. Objective: To discuss the effects of early diagnosis of large area cerebral infarction on nerve function recovery. Unit: Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Changtu County in Liaoning Province. Subjective: The cases in the research came from 132 patients with cerebral infarction identified by CT examination during 1995～ 2000, including 59 males and 73 females. The ages ranged from 37 to 72 years old, and mean age was 59. There were 78 patients who were troubles with hypertension past, 41 diabetes and 62 coronary heart diseases with atrial fibrillation. 132 patients entered the hospital in the episode day, and other 4 patients did 24 hours after the episode day. In the patients, there were 132 appeared with complete hemiplegia, 87 with different level conscious disturbance ( 60 somnolence and lethargy, 27 coma ), 76 accompanied with anepia, 93 with headache and vomiting, 36 with tic, 33 with ocular disturbance, 64 identified as papilledema, and 26 appeared with cerebral symptoms, 37 occurred metula hemorrhage. Intervention: All the 132 patients accepted cerebral CT examination within 24 hours since the onset of illness, and decreasing intracranial pressure,thrombolysis,protecting brain cells,anti-inflammation treatments. Result: There were large area low-density focuses in the blood-supplied region of middle cerebral artery and internal jugular vein in 19 patients' CT films 10 hours after onset of illness, and in addition 8 cases were transferred to surgery department for cerebral hernia. 37 patients with cerebral hemorrhage after infarction accepted neutrality therapy, and the symptoms relieved obviously for 29 days in the hospital. 69 patients restored conscious disturbance and muscular force of the troubled limbs notably, 29 cases left the hospital automatically, and 34 case were died ( 13 died of brain hernia, 21 died of infection and other diseases ). There were not examined focuses in post-cerebral CT, and large area infarction appeared in CT films 24 later. Conclusion: It is capital for decrease of fatality rate and mutilation rate and nerve function restoration to perform early diagnosis and apply early treatment of large area cerebral infarction.     

高频超声诊断新生儿十二指肠梗阻性疾病的价值

目的 探讨高频超声在新生儿十二指肠梗阻性疾病诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析113例新生儿十二指肠梗阻性疾病的超声检查结果、临床资料及术后病理结果.结果 113例经手术证实为十二指肠梗阻的病例中,高频超声诊断正确106例,诊断率为 93.81%(106/113).其中肠旋转不良、十二指肠膜式狭窄、十二指肠闭锁、环状胰腺的超声诊断率分别为 96.83%(61/63)、93.55%(29/31)、80.00%(4/5)、85.71%(12/14).同时,92例超声提示梗阻部位与术中所见一致,超声对梗阻部位的诊断率为 81.42%(92/113).结论 高频超声在新生儿十二指肠梗阻病因诊断及梗阻部位判断中有重要价值,可作为新生儿十二指肠梗阻性疾病的首选检查方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of duodenal obstruction in neonates.Methods Ultrasonography,clinical data and etiological diagnoses of the operation in 113 neonates with duodenal obstruction were reviewed retrospectively.The digestive tract,including stomach,duodenum,jejunoileum and colon,were examined in all patients with 8-12 MHz linear transducer before operation.Results In the 113 neonates with duodenal obstruction,63 cases were diagnosed intestinal malrotation,31 cases duodenal stenosis,14 cases annular pancreas,and 5 cases duodenal atresia.One hundred and six cases were diagnosed as duodenal obstruction by ultrasound,of which intestinal malrotation in 61 cases,duodenal stenosis in 29 cases,duodenal atresia in 4 cases,and annular pancreas in 12 cases.The diagnostic rate was 93.81% (106/113 cases),96.83% (61/63 cases),93.55% (29/31 cases),80.00% (4/5cases) and 85.71% (12/14 cases),respectively.The location of obstruction diagnosed by ultrasound was coincident with the operation in 92 cases,with a diagnostic rate of 81.42%(92/113).Conclusions High frequency ultrasound plays an important role in diagnosing the causes and location of duodenal obstruction.It can be used as the first choice of examinal methods for the neonates with duodenal obstruction.     

Surgical method choice and coincidence rate of pathological diagnoses in transduodenal ampullectomy: A retrospective case series study and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Transduodenal ampullectomy(TDA) is not in wide clinical use due to its low radical effect and a high recurrence rate of tumors. However,TDA is still an effective treatment method; it has great clinical value in cases of duodenal benign tumors,precancerous lesions,and benign and malignant borderline tumors,and can avoid the risks associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy with larger resection range and greater thoroughness than endoscopic papillectomy.AIM To investigate the surgical method choice and the coincidence rate of pathological diagnoses in TDA for ampullary neoplasms.METHODS Ten patients with ampullary neoplasms underwent TDA based on the fact that their endoscopic biopsy results suggested benign lesions,and the endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-assessed tumors were resectable. All cases underwent duodenal ampullary lesion endoscopic biopsy,intraoperative frozen-section pathological examination,and postoperative pathological examination.RESULTSThis study included seven patients with benign tumors and three with malignant tumors(1 pTis,2 pT1),according to the postoperative pathology results. The coincidence rate of the postoperative pathology results with the intraoperative frozen-section biopsy results was 100%(10/10),and the coincidence rate with the endoscopic biopsy results was 70%(7/10) based on pathological characteristics.The endoscopic biopsy false-negative rate was 30%(3/10). All patients were followed for 6 to 70 mo without tumor recurrence or metastasis.CONCLUSION The coincidence rate of postoperative pathology results,intraoperative frozensection pathology results,and endoscopic biopsy results is the restraining factor of TDA clinical application. Endoscopic biopsy results and EUS have importance relevance to surgical planning. Intraoperative frozen-section pathology results have a significant influence on the choice of surgical procedure.     

Relationship between different types of helicobacter pylori infection and metabolic syndrome in healthy people

Objective To explore the relationship between different types of helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and metabolic Syndrome (MS) in healthy population. Methods The data of 4 602 adults who underwent physical examination in the Space Center Hospital from January to December 2019 were collected for research, the serum Hp antibody typing was detected by immunoblotting, and the results of liver ultrasound and blood biochemical examination were collected for statistical analysis. Results Among the physical examination population,there were 2 018 cases with positive serum Hp antibody and 2 584 cases with negative serum Hp antibody.According to the expression of cytotoxin-associated gene A protein (CagA) and vacuolar toxin, 2 018 patients with positive serum Hp antibody were divided into 1 088 cases in type Ⅰ group (53.9%(1 088/2 018)) and 930 cases in type Ⅱ Group (46.1%(930/2 018)). There were significant differences in age, systolic blood pressure and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) between type Ⅰ group and type Ⅱ Group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in gender, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of ms between the two groups (18.3% (199/1 088)) and 19.0% (177/930), P=0.670). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was no correlation. between different serum Hp antibody typing and MS (OR=1.194, 95% CI 0.842-1.693, P=0.319). Conclusion Different subtypes of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ Hp infection are not distinctly associated with metabolic syndrome. © 2021, Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.     

颅咽管瘤术后并发症与处理

目的 探讨颅咽管瘤显微切除术后并发症及其正确处理方式.方法 回顾性分析收治的58例颅咽管瘤显微切除术后出现的并发症及处理措施.结果 全组58例,手术全切45例,次全切11例,部分切除2例.术后均出现不同程度的并发症,其中尿崩55例,高钠高氯血症32例,低钠血症25例,高热24例,高血糖酸中毒2例.临床治愈47例,好转9例,死亡2例.结论 术后严密监测24 h出入水量,血电解质变化,积极地纠正尿崩症及电解质紊乱,保持出入水量平衡在颅咽管瘤术后具有重要意义.     

内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路切除鞍上三脑室内颅咽管瘤

目的：探讨完全内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路切除位于鞍上三脑室内的颅咽管瘤的可行性和有效性。方法：采用完全内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路切除位于鞍上三脑室内的颅咽管瘤1例。结果：肿瘤被全部切除,术后随访6个月,患者在内分泌替代治下生活正常。结论：完全内镜下扩大经鼻蝶入路可以安全有效地切除位于鞍上三脑室内的颅咽管瘤。对于选择性的颅咽管瘤病例,该手术入路是一种切除肿瘤的更新、更微创的手术入路。     

Post-operative implantation metastasis of craniopharyngioma: a case report

Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign epithelial tumours arising from squamous epithelial remnants of Rathke's pouch, which have a tendency to invade surrounding structures and recur after apparently complete resection. They represent the most frequent non-glial tumour in children, accounting for approximately 5% of paediatric brain neoplasms. Total resection of a craniopharyngioma may be difficult, and recurrence has been reported in 25-70% of patients. Recurrence often occurs at the primary site, although a few cases of ectopic recurrence along surgical or needle tracts have been reported. Here a case of metastatic adamantinomatous-type craniopharyngioma attributed to direct implantation by surgical procedure is presented, along with a review of the current literature on craniopharyngiomas.     

内镜下经鼻入路切除颅咽管瘤(附65例报告)

目的探讨内镜下经鼻入路切除颅咽管瘤的临床经验和应用价值。方法回顾性分析2012年2月-2016年5月使用内镜下经鼻入路切除的65例颅咽管瘤患者的临床资料,综合评价治疗效果、并发症发生率及随访结果。结果肿瘤全切52例(80.0%),次全切11例(16.9%),部分切除2例(3.1%);术中发现垂体柄共57例,保留41例(71.9%);术后视力改善31例(47.7%),6例维持在术前水平,1例术后视力下降;术后出现垂体功能下降21例(32.3%);术后短暂性尿崩45例(69.2%),长期尿崩9例(13.8%);4例(6.2%)患者出现脑脊液漏,均伴随颅内感染,均予以再次修补,成功3例,死亡1例;围手术期死亡3例(4.6%)。52例患者接受随访,时间4.0~45.0个月,平均20.8个月,44例(84.6%)恢复正常生活,8例(15.4%)出现肥胖,2例复发,尚无死亡病例。结论内镜下经鼻入路切除颅咽管瘤安全、有效、微创,具有其独到的优势。     

分化型甲状腺癌78例回顾性分析

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌的诊治方法 选择.方法 我院2002年2月至2008年1月收治78例分化型甲状腺癌患者,均给予手术治疗,根据肿瘤大小、病灶数量、颈部淋巴结转移和年龄选择不同术式.单侧分化型甲状腺癌行患侧甲状腺及峡部切除或加对侧甲状腺部分切除术;双侧者行甲状腺全切或近全切除术;高危患者(年龄>45岁,肿瘤>4 cm,肿瘤≤4 cm但超出甲状腺包膜)行颈淋巴结清扫术,术后辅以内分泌治疗.患侧腺叶+峡部切除术11例,患侧腺叶+峡部切除术+对侧腺体部分切除术19例,甲状腺近全切除术26例,双侧甲状腺全切除术22例;功能性颈淋巴结清扫术25例,中央区(Ⅵ区)颈淋巴结清扫术23例.结果 乳头状癌68例(87.18%),滤泡状癌10例(12.82%);中央区淋巴结转移26例.术后并发症:短期低钙手足麻木12例(15.38%),暂时性喉返神经麻痹8例(10.26%),永久性声音嘶哑2例(2.56%),乳糜漏3例(3.85%).74例获随访,随访率为94.87%,随访6个月～6年.6例局部复发淋巴结转移,经再次手术切除,无远处转移.生存率97.30%(72/74).结论 肿瘤大小、病灶数量、颈部淋巴结转移和年龄应作为分化型甲状腺癌手术方式选择的依据,对于高危患者应常规行中央区淋巴结清扫.     

岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床治疗研究

【目的】通过65例岩骨尖斜坡区脑膜瘤临床外科治疗的疗效分析，探讨显微手术切除岩斜区脑膜瘤的手术方法及术后疗效，达到提高显微手术的全切率，总结临床治疗经验。【方法】熟练掌握肿瘤与岩骨尖斜坡区周围解剖关系，总结65例岩骨尖斜坡区脑膜瘤的临床表现，手术入路，手术结果和术后处理。【结果】肿瘤全切除50例(77％)，死亡4例(6．1％)。经岩骨乙状窦前幕上下联合入路30例，全切除20例(66．7％)，死亡3例(10％)。【结论】选择好手术入路和运用好显微外科技术可以提高岩骨尖斜坡区脑膜瘤的切除率，加强手术后的临床治疗可降低病死率。     

蝶骨嵴内侧型脑膜瘤的显微神经外科手术治疗

目的 探讨蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤的显微手术入路、切除技巧,提高肿瘤全切率及降低术后并发症.方法 回顾性分析49例内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤病例的临床资料、显微手术过程疗效及预后情况.结果 所有病例均接受显微外科手术,并按Simpson手术分级评定手术结果.肿瘤全切(I、II级)42例,其中I级19例、II级23例;III级切除4例;Ⅳ级切除3例.无手术死亡,术后并发视力下降3例,不全瘫痪2例.结论 采用精细的显微外科技术,术中对视神经、海绵窦及其内神经、颈内动脉及其分支的保护,提高内侧型蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤全切率,可显著提高疗效,减少肿瘤复发.     

经蝶垂体瘤切除术后低钠血症的危险因素分析

目的探讨经蝶垂体瘤切除术后低钠血症危险因素及预防措施。方法选择2017年5月至2019年5月医院124例经蝶垂体瘤切除术患者为研究对象,将其中出现低钠血症的22例纳为病例组,未出现低钠血症的102例纳为对照组,收集患者年龄、合并症、术后并发症等病历资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析调查经蝶垂体瘤切除术后低钠血症的高危因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析发现,垂体功能紊乱、术后脑性耗盐综合征(CSWS)、术后抗利尿激素异常分泌综合征(SIADH)、术后尿崩症是经蝶垂体瘤切除术后低钠血症的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论经蝶垂体瘤切除术后易发生低钠血症,影响因素包括垂体功能紊乱、术后CSWS、术后SIADH、术后尿崩症等,应采取针对性预防措施以降低低钠血症发生率。     

显微手术切除颅咽管瘤

目的：探讨切除颅咽管瘤的手术入路和显微手术技巧。方法：本组颅咽管瘤5例。其中2例为实质性视交叉后肿瘤、1例为实质性鞍内鞍上型肿瘤、2例为囊性肿瘤。采用不同的手术入路(双侧额、翼点和经蝶窦手术入路)进行肿瘤切除。结果：4例经颅手术的病例皆达全切除，1例鞍上鞍内型肿瘤采用经蝶窦手术次全切除。所有病例恢复良好。结论：根据肿瘤不同质地、部位和范围，采用恰当的手术入路，结合应用熟练的显微技巧，可以取得良好的临床疗效。     

经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除第三脑室肿瘤术后并发下丘脑反应分析

目的探讨经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除第三脑室肿瘤术后,近期下丘脑反应的发生情况及相关因素,为防治第三脑室肿瘤术后下丘脑反应提供参考。方法回顾分析2003年1月-2008年12月经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除的78例第三脑室肿瘤患者手术后近期(1个月内)下丘脑反应的发生情况,并将其按照肿瘤部位、病理性质、大小、血供、手术切除程度进行分类统计,用SPSS 13.0软件logistic回归分析影响这些并发症的因素。结果 78例术后下丘脑反应37例,发生率47.4%;死亡5例,下丘脑反应病死率为13.5%(5/37)。其中电解质糖代谢紊乱33例(42.3%),尿崩症27例(34.6%),激素水平低下16例(20.5%),高热6例(7.7%)。好转痊愈率:激素水平低下43.7%,其余均>70%。第三脑室前部颅咽管瘤术后最容易发生下丘脑反应(P<0.05)。结论经胼胝体-穹窿间入路切除第三脑室肿瘤术后近期存在程度不同的下丘脑反应,其发生与肿瘤部位、病理性质有密切关系。经积极治疗,大部分下丘脑反应能在术后1个月内好转甚至痊愈。