内镜直视下置放全覆膜可回收金属支架治疗食管狭窄

我院应用全覆膜可回收金属支架,在电子内镜直视下治疗各种食管及贲门部良、恶性狭窄,疗效满意,报道如下。     

全覆膜可回收支架在常见食管狭窄病变中的临床应用

【目的】探讨全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变的方法及疗效。【方法】采用全覆膜可回收支架（个性化设计）治疗食管狭窄病变107例,其中食管恶性肿瘤59例,食管恶性肿瘤合并瘘2例,食管癌术后恶性狭窄1例,食管癌术后吻合口良性狭窄12例,镍钛记忆合金支架后上端组织增生致狭窄1例,食管癌术后吻合口狭窄并瘘11例,贲门失弛缓症11例,化学性食管狭窄6例,放疗术后致食管狭窄3例,食管间质瘤致食管狭窄1例。吞咽困难症状按Stooler分级术前、术后30d评分。【结果】所有的食管狭窄病变支架置入后均能顺利恢复进食,生活质量明显提高,吞咽困难症状按Stooler分级评分术后总有效率为95．3％。【结论】全覆膜可回收支架治疗常见食管狭窄病变具有疗效好、创伤小、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广运用。     

体位管理在内镜下胃肿瘤全层切除术中的影响

目的 分析术中体位管理对胃黏膜下巨大肿瘤患者在内镜下全层切除术(EFTR)中的影响.方法 回顾性分析2017年12月-2019年7月在该院消化内科被诊断为胃黏膜下巨大肿瘤(肿瘤直径≥2.0 cm)并接受EFTR的患者.术中调整患者体位以避免肿瘤被胃腔内液体淹没,并分析患者的术中体位与肿瘤位置的关系以及对EFTR术后效果...     

高位食管癌食管-气管瘘内镜下封堵术的临床护理

【】目的：探讨高位食管癌,食管-气管瘘内镜下全覆膜金属支架置入封堵术的临床护理要点。方法：对25例高位食管癌食管-气管瘘的临床护理资料,进行了回顾性的分析。结果：25例内镜下全覆膜金属支架封堵术均获成功(手术成功率100%)。术中无出血、穿孔等严重并发症。支架置入封堵术后患者进食呛咳、吞咽困难症状迅速缓解,肺部感染有了明显好转,术后并发症发生率12%(3/25),其中2例为严重胸痛,经口服止痛药物缓解。1例支架移位,内镜下应用异物钳对支架进行了调整。结论：全覆膜食管金属支架置入封堵术治疗高位食管癌食管-气管瘘,不仅可立即缓解患者吞咽困难,而且患者耐受度高。术中良好的护理配合,严密的病情观察,有利于支架顺利置入封堵。术前术后护理干预,可减少术后并发症发生率,对术后并发症快速恢复,及时阻止并发症的继续恶化,有效控制肺部感染,改善患者生活质量,具有十分重要的意义。     

临时性支架在医源性食管穿孔中的应用总结

目的评估临时性覆膜金属支架(CZES-Ⅱ型)在内镜治疗相关的食管穿孔中的应用价值。方法总结105例食管平滑肌瘤和34例食管早癌的内镜下治疗,对出现食管穿孔的患者行临时性覆膜金属支架治疗。结果分别有1例食管平滑肌瘤及3例食管早癌发生手术相关的食管穿孔,4例均经支架、胸腔引流及抗生素治疗后好转,未行外科食管修补术,无死亡病例。结论临时性CZES-Ⅱ型覆膜金属支架在内镜治疗相关的食管穿孔中可能具有一定的价值     

覆膜食管支架在食管穿孔40例的应用分析*

目的探讨全覆膜食管支架治疗食管穿孔的效果和安全性。方法采用全覆膜金属支架治疗医源性、肿瘤及异物所致食管穿孔40例,观察对其的治疗效果及并发症。结果所有的食管穿孔患者一次性成功置入食管支架,术后均能顺利恢复进食;食管异物临时支架植入术后4天~1个月取出支架,复查胃镜及食管造影均明确穿孔愈合;3例食管癌并穿孔患者术后吞咽梗阻感明显缓解。主要并发症为术后胸痛及支架移位,6例(15%)出现支架移位,2例(5%)食管癌患者出现食物梗阻并支架移位。结论全覆膜金属支架治疗食管穿孔,具有疗效确切,并发症少,安全有效等优点。     

尼龙绳联合钛夹荷包缝合在内镜胃壁全层切除术中的应用

目的探讨尼龙绳联合钛夹荷包缝合在内镜下行胃壁全层切除术(EFTR)中的应用价值。方法回顾分析该院15例胃黏膜下固有肌层肿瘤的住院患者采用尼龙绳联合金属钛夹行荷包缝合修补"主动穿孔"的方法行EFTR术的临床资料。结果 15例患者均经内镜手术将肿瘤完整切除,采用尼龙绳联合金属钛夹行荷包缝合修补EFTR术后的"主动穿孔",15例患者均成功修补。平均所用钛夹(5.0±1.0)枚。随访6个月,手术创面愈合,未见肿瘤复发。结论应用尼龙绳联合钛夹荷包缝合行EFTR术是安全、微创及快速康复的一种治疗方法。     

食管黏膜下肿瘤的内镜下诊断与治疗

目的基于食管黏膜下肿瘤(SMTs)内镜检查及治疗手段,分析食管SMTs的临床病理学特征,同时评价食管SMTs内镜下诊治的安全性、经济性和有效性。方法选择2012年1月-2017年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的98例食管SMTs患者,并同时完善普通胃镜和超声内镜(EUS)检查,所有患者均接受内镜下治疗,所有切除的肿瘤均行病理学检查。结果共98例患者。其中,女55例(56.12%),男43例(43.88%)。肿瘤位于食管上段27例(27.55%),中段28例(28.57%),下段43例(43.88%),56例病例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),25例行内镜黏膜下肿瘤挖除术(ESE),12例行内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER),另3例行电凝电切除术,1例孤立性纤维性肿瘤因术中发现肿瘤基底部深转为外科手术,另1例平滑肌瘤因肿瘤体积太大致内镜操作困难,中途转胸腔镜下治疗。1例神经鞘瘤,ESD术后出现气胸、胸腔积液、术后瘘及食管狭窄等并发症,1例胸腔镜下行肿瘤摘除术的平滑肌瘤,术后发生气胸和胸腔积液,另外2例出现纵隔气肿和皮下气肿,均于术后2或3 d自行好转。病理学检查及免疫组化结果证实,最常见的食管SMTs为平滑肌瘤,共90例,占所有病例91.84%。结论食管SMTs以女性多见,好发于中下段食管,病理以平滑肌瘤最为常见;应用EUS技术能够对病变性质及组织学来源进行较准确的评估;内镜下治疗食管SMTs不仅能提供完整的病理学资料,而且有效安全。     

全下咽全喉全食管切除及胃代食管术围手术期护理

晚期下咽癌和颈段食管癌的治疗是以手术和放疗为主的综合治疗。但对下咽癌侵犯食管人口或颈段食管,手术切除肿瘤后,下咽或颈段食管缺损一般方法难以修补,胃代食管、胃咽吻合成功率高,并发症少,是理想的修复方法。2007年4月～2008年8月,我院对15例下咽癌累及食管患者进行了全喉、全食管切除、胃上提胃咽吻合术加气管造瘘术,报告如下。     

内镜全层切除术治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤的临床效果分析

目的研究内镜下全层切除术(EFTR)在治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2015年12月-2017年6月宿州市第一人民医院应用EFTR治疗的52例胃SMT的临床资料,统计手术成功率、SMT完整切除率,记录手术时间;观察患者术后有无出血、穿孔等并发症;术后内镜随访,评估患者术后创面愈合及病变残留、复发情况。结果运用EFTR成功剥离52例患者合计53枚SMT,手术时间35.0～78.0 min,平均45.2 min,手术成功率100.0%,肿瘤完整切除率100.0%,肿瘤直径大小为1.0～3.2 cm,平均1.5 cm。病灶位于贲门下23枚(43.4%),胃底17枚(32.1%),胃体10枚(18.8%),胃窦2枚(3.8%),胃角1枚(1.9%);术中2例患者发生动脉性出血(3.8%),应用热活检钳止血成功。术后随访3～6个月,所有病例创面愈合良好。术后石蜡病理诊断结果为间质瘤36枚(67.9%),平滑肌瘤15枚(28.3%),异位胰腺2枚(3.8%)。术后无迟发性出血及迟发穿孔发生。52例患者术后3～6个月复查胃镜,病灶均完全消失,术后创面愈合良好,治疗有效率为100.0%(52/52)。结论 EFTR治疗胃SMT是一种安全、有效的临床技术。     

内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗食管贲门周围黏膜下肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER)治疗食管贲门周围黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)的临床效果及安全性。方法收集2012年9月-2018年6月在南京医科大学附属南京医院内镜中心采用STER治疗的50例食管贲门周围SMT患者的临床资料,并进行分析。结果 50例患者均完成STER。食管病变33例,贲门周围、胃底病变17例,1例病变为2个瘤体,其他均为单个瘤体。成功切除所有SMT,一次性完整切除率96.0%,手术时间32～115 min,平均(54.0±24.5)min,完整缝合创面所需金属夹4～8枚,平均(5.6±2.1)枚。术后瘤体直径0.8～3.3 cm,平均(1.6±0.4)cm。术后经常规病理及免疫组化染色确诊为平滑肌瘤40例(80.0%),间质瘤7例(14.0%),食管支气管源性囊肿2例(4.0%),钙化性纤维性肿瘤1例(2.0%),切缘均为阴性。4例术中发生穿孔,3例术中发生皮下气肿,3例术后出现发热,均经保守治疗痊愈。住院时间6～15 d,平均(7.8±3.7)d。结论 STER对食管贲门周围SMT有较高的完整切除率,且手术创伤小,恢复快,并发症较少,住院时间较短。     

Esophageal intramural metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction

Among a total of 143 patients examined for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the cardia, intramural esophageal metastases were verified in six patients (4.19 %). In each case the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. The histological structure of the primary tumors and metastases was the same. Metastases were detected by endoscopic ultrasound examination in three cases. All the cardia tumors proved to be well advanced. As well as endoscopic identification of the primary tumor, thorough examination of the proximal part of the esophagus is of great importance.     

Fixation of a modified covered esophageal stent: its clinical usefulness for preventing stent migration

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Membrane-covered self-expandable metal stents are effective in preventing tumor ingrowth and stent obstruction in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer, but migration of stents continues to be a major problem. We therefore constructed a modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stent capable of being fixed using a silk thread. The stent was studied prospectively to define its palliative characteristics and whether it is effective in preventing migration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Modified covered self-expandable metal stents were placed in 17 patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer involving the esophagogastric junction, 41 patients with esophageal cancer, and three patients with tracheoesophageal fistulas. Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were carried out at regular intervals. RESULTS: Placement of the stent was successful in all patients, with good symptomatic relief and no serious stent-related complications such as esophageal perforation or hemorrhage. Acute stent placement problems, such as incomplete expansion or acute angulation of the stent, were noted in four patients. However, during a mean follow-up period of 7.5 months (range 1 to 17 months), there was no stent migration. CONCLUSIONS: Modified covered self-expandable esophageal metal stents of this type would be very effective in preventing stent migration, especially in patients with malignant gastric cardiac cancer extending to the lower esophagus, those with short-segment esophageal cancer, and those with tracheoesophageal fistulas.     

Advances in esophageal stenting: the evolution of fully covered stents for malignant and benign disease

Self-expanding metal stents have become a leading palliative therapy for dysphagia resulting from esophageal, proximal gastric, and mediastinal cancers. Increasingly, fully covered self-expanding plastic stents and now fully covered metal stents have been used to treat a variety of benign esophageal conditions as well as cancer. Several stent designs are available in the United States and many more internationally. Each design has advantages and limitations. Knowledge of the indications for esophageal stenting and the common side effects associated with different designs allows physicians to choose the best stent for a given condition as well as to anticipate complications such as stent migration or restenosis. Compared with partially covered stents, newer, fully covered metal stents may promote less granulation tissue and subsequent stenosis and may be removable even after several weeks. However, the tradeoff may be more frequent migration. Interest in fully covered metal stents in place of fully covered plastic stents for use in strictures and leaks has also grown, despite the lack of a formal indication for metal stents in benign disease. Unfortunately, rigorous studies of newer stent designs are currently lacking.     

内镜超声在食管黏膜下肿物临床诊疗中的应用价值

目的探讨内镜超声在食管黏膜下肿物(SMT)临床诊疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析该院113例胃镜下发现的食管SMT并行超声内镜(EUS)检查的患者,收集患者115处SMT病变的临床特点、内镜检查治疗和病理组织学结果等资料,并对术后患者进行随访。结果 SMT好发于食管上段44处(38.26%)和中段(38/115,33.04%);病理结果显示,84.35%为平滑肌瘤(97/115),另外5处食管囊肿(4.35%),5处黏膜下固有腺体增生伴导管扩张(4.35%),2处间质瘤(1.74%),2处脂肪瘤(1.74%),1处神经鞘瘤(0.87%),1处血管瘤(0.87%),1处浆液性腺瘤(0.87%),1处颗粒细胞瘤(0.87%);EUS诊断符合率分别为平滑肌瘤93.00%(93/100),食管囊肿55.50%(5/9),间质瘤0.00%(0/3),脂肪瘤100.00%(2/2),血管瘤100.00%(1/1)。EUS诊断起源于黏膜肌层者,主要选择内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)(76.12%,51/67)和内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)(23.88%,16/67)治疗,起源于黏膜下层者,主要选择EMR(35.71%,5/14)和ESD(64.29%,9/14)治疗,起源于固有肌层或累及固有肌层者,多选择经内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER)(84.85%,28/33)治疗。免疫组化结果示平滑肌瘤98.97%(96/97)平滑肌肌动蛋白(SMA)和97.94%(95/97)结蛋白(Desmin)表达阳性。结论 EUS对SMT的病理性质可进行较准确的诊断,并指导食管SMT内镜下微创手术方式的选择,能进行安全有效的治疗,但对食管间质瘤、神经鞘瘤等少见食管肿瘤的诊断具有一定的局限性。     

内镜直视下带膜支架置入治疗晚期食管贲门恶性狭窄

目的探索内镜直视下应用带膜记忆合金支架对晚期食管、贲门恶性狭窄的介入治疗方法。方法2005年1月-2009年11月对49例失去手术机会或拒绝手术的晚期食管癌或贲门癌致食管或贲门狭窄患者,行电子胃镜引导下放置镍钛合金支架;对狭窄程度重、胃镜不能通过者,先行Savary探条扩张再放置支架。结果49例均成功置入支架,解除狭窄有效率达100%。结论内镜直视下带膜支架置入操作方法简便、安全,可改善患者的生存质量,延长生存时间。     

全覆膜金属可回收支架在治疗食管顽固性良性狭窄中的应用价值

目的探讨全覆膜金属可回收支架治疗食管顽固性良性狭窄的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析行全覆膜金属可回收支架治疗的33例食管顽固性良性狭窄患者的临床资料,评价治疗的可行性、安全性及疗效。结果 33例患者共计放置可回收支架41支,其中8例患者行二次可回收支架置入,术后均有不同程度胸痛及异物感;术后并发支架移位11例(共计14支),移位发生率34.1%(14/41);其余22例患者(共计27支支架)均于术后4~8周顺利回收。术中及术后无明显出血、穿孔等并发症发生,无支架相关死亡病例。所有患者定期参加随访(12个月),其中12例成功解除梗阻,临床缓解率为36.4%(12/33)。结论全覆膜金属可回收支架用于治疗食管顽固性良性狭窄是安全可靠的,可使部分患者成功解除梗阻,但支架移位发生率高,有待于临床进一步研究解决。     

Esophageal stent for cervical esophagus and esophagogastric junction

Tumors in the cervical portion of the esophagus have traditionally been more difficult to manage. The implantation in the cervical esophagus is a technically demanding procedure. The implantation of modified self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) was very effective perorally under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. Experience with SEMS has revealed an increased risk of migration when either covered stents are used or a stent is implanted across the gastroesophageal junction. The modified, covered, esophageal stents appear to prevent stent migration and improve dysphagia in patients with malignant tumor stenosis at the esophagogastric junction. Besides heartburn, regurgitation is sometimes very distressing to patients and may lead to fatal aspiration due to reflux after stenting in esophagogastric junction. These symptoms can be reduced by the use of valved stent. The long S-shape valve is very effective in preventing acid reflux and valve inversion.     

自发性食管破裂的诊断和治疗

目的：总结自发性食管破裂后早期诊治方法和经验。方法：回顾性分析1987年1月～2004年1月金山医院和解放军第149医院15例自发性食管破裂患者的治疗效果。结果：15例中手术修补7例，死亡2例；保守治疗6例，2例死亡；成功行食管带膜金属支架介入治疗2例。结论：食管破裂通过选择适当时机行手术治疗是可行的；同时，带膜金属支架介入治疗食管破裂具有操作简单、封闭瘘口、创伤小、并发症少的优点。