丹参注射液对肝硬化脾亢脾切除术血液流变性的影响

目的:研究肝硬化脾亢(简称脾亢)患者脾切除术后使用丹参注射液对血液流变性的影响,探讨脾切除术后使用丹参注射液改善血液流变学特性,预防深静脉血栓的有效性.方法:40例择期全麻下脾亢脾切除术行患者随机分为对照组(n=20)和丹参注射液组(n=20).分别于术后当天起连续两周每日常规输液外静脉滴注丹参注射液30 mL(丹参注射液组)和每日常规输液外静脉滴注生理盐水30 mL(时照组),分别于手术前、给药后1、2周测定血液流变学指标:全血粘度、血浆粘度、血沉方程K值、红细胞聚集指数(简称RBC聚集指数)、血小板计数和血小板聚集功能.结果:对照组术后上述流变学指标显著升高(P<0.05).与对照组比较,丹参注射液组患者术后1、2周上述指标明显较低(P<0.05);与术前比较,丹参注射液组术后1、2周上述各项指标无明显变化(P>0.05).结论:丹参注射液能够改善脾亢脾切除患者术后的血液粘稠状态和微循环瘀滞情况,有助于防止术后静脉血栓形成等并发症发生.     

全髋关节置换术后下肢肿胀与血液流变学的相关性研究

目的: 观察全髋关节置换术(THA)后下肢肿胀与血液流变学指标的变化及其相关性,探讨下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素.方法: 对38例全髋关节置换术患者于术前1d,术后1,3,7d晨测量下肢髌上、髌下、踝上各10cm周径,空腹静脉穿刺采取血样,检测血液流变学指标.结果:术后1d下肢周径明显增加(P<0.05),7d时逐渐缓解与术前无明显差异(P>0.05);全血黏度和血浆黏度术后1d明显下降(P<0.05),术后3、7d逐渐上升超过术前水平(P<0.05);红细胞聚集指数(EAI)术后逐渐增高,于3、7d时明显(P<0.05);红细胞变形能力(TK值)术后7d时明显升高(P<0.05),表明红细胞变形能力明显下降;下肢周径与血液流变学各项参数之间无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论:THA术后早期下肢肿胀不能作为DVT形成的依据,但因下肢肿胀与血液流变学指标有明显改变,仍应做好下肢肿胀的观察与护理.     

预构血管化骨与非血管化骨游离移植的比较实验研究

目的:建立预构血管化骨游离移植的动物模型,探讨血管束植入预构血管化骨的过程及预构血管化骨游离移植后的骨生长及代谢变化。方法:通过将兔腹壁浅动静脉束植入股骨干中,预构血管化骨,然后用单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)检测,酶组织化学技术及组织学观察等技术对预构血管化骨与非血管化骨游离移植术后骨组织生长,代谢及血供等情况,进行了比较实验研究。结果:SPECT检测后,预构血管化骨可以在移植后继续保持移植骨的血供,维持骨的正常代谢。骨细胞的琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)研究显示:早期观察骨细胞的SDH的变化可了解移植骨组织的成活与生长情况。而移植骨组织学观察表明:血管化骨移植术后骨组织连续保持正常结构和活性,而非血管化骨组织移植后则出现吸收,坏死等改变。结论:预构血管化骨可以作为血管化骨游离移植,在游离移植后,提供血的血供,保持骨的正常结构和继续生长,可用作骨缺损的功能性修复。     

预构血管化骨与非血管化骨游离移植的比较实验研究

目的：建立预构血管化骨游离移植的动物模型，探讨血管束植入预构血管化骨的过程及预构血管化骨游离移植后的骨生长及代谢变化。方法：通过将兔腹壁浅动静脉束植入股骨干中，预构血管化骨，然后用单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)检测，酶组织化学技术及组织学观察等技术对预构血管化骨与非血管化骨游离移植术后骨组织生长，代谢及血供等情况，进行了比较实验研究。结果：SPECT检测后，预构血管化骨可以在移植后继续保持移植骨的血供，维持骨的正常代谢。骨细胞的琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)研究显示：早期观察骨细胞的SDH的变化可了解移植骨组织的成活与生长情况。而移植骨组织学观察表明：血管化骨移植术后骨组织连续保持正常结构和活性，而非血管化骨组织移植后则出现吸收，坏死等改变。结论：预构血管化骨可以作为血管化骨游离移植，在游离移植后，提供血的血供，保持骨的正常结构和继续生长，可用作骨缺损的功能性修复。     

全髋关节置换术患者围术期血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标的变化

目的观察全髋关节置换术患者围术期血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标的变化情况,为促进患者术后康复提供依据。方法选取2012年6月至2014年7月进行全髋关节置换术治疗的41例患者为观察组,选择同期41名健康同龄者为对照组,对观察组术前和术后1、3、7、10、14 d的血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标进行检测,并与对照组进行比较。结果观察组术前和术后1、3、7 d的血黏度及其他血流变指标均高于对照组(P均<0.05),同时观察组术前和术后1、3、7、10、14 d的甲襞微循环指标均高于对照组,观察组术后1、3 d的检测水平均高于同组其他时间段(P均<0.05)。结论全髋关节置换术患者围术期血液流变学及甲襞微循环指标的变化较大,尤其应重视其术后短时间(3 d)内的血液流变学及甲襞微循环的改善。     

体外循环心脏手术重危病人血液流变性变化

对采用体外循环行心内直视手术的３８例重危病人围术期血液流变学指标及肌组织超微结构变化进行了观测。心肺转流中及术后早期。血液粘度显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），红细胞刚性指数增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；微血管内红细胞变形、聚集。血液稀释、低温、体外循环机械作用及预充液成分等是影响血液流变性的主要因素；调节血液粘度、改善血液流变性状态，对体外循环重危病人术中及术后心肺等脏器的保护至关重要。     

脊柱外科病人术后应用抗栓药对血液流变学的影响

[目的]观察脊柱外科病人术后应用抗栓药对血液流变学的影响,根据其变化特点为病人提供针对性的护理措施。[方法]对我院收治的脊髓损伤病人32例、脊柱退行性变病人19例按是否应用抗栓药分为抗栓药组和非抗栓药组,于术前、术后3d、术后2周分别测定血液流变学指标。[结果]抗栓药组术后3d全血黏度和红细胞聚集指数较术前下降,术后2周较术后3d略有升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。抗栓药组与非抗栓药组相比,术后3d、2周时全血黏度和红细胞聚集指数差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]脊髓损伤和脊柱退行性变病人手术后应用抗栓药,可明显改善脊柱外科术后血液流变学指标,结合针对性的护理措施,可以安全、有效地预防下肢深静脉血栓形成。     

突发性耳聋的血流变检查结果分析

目的　观察突发性耳聋患者的血液流变学指标变化。方法　对 31例突发性耳聋患者组及 44例正常对照组进行血流变指标检测。结果　突发性耳聋组的全血粘度 (5 0s- 1 、10s- 1 、3s- 1 )、低切还原粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1)。结论　突发性耳聋患者血液流变性有异常变化 ,对此类病人进行血液流变学指标检测具有临床意义。     

手术患者输入佳乐施注射液前后血液流变学指标检测及其分析

目的探讨手术患者输入佳乐施注射液前后的血液流变学指标变化.方法测定手术患者术中输入佳乐施者和未输入者的术前和术后血液流变学各项指标,并分组对结果进行统计学分析.结果术中输入佳乐施组的血液流变学各项指标术后均比术前有明显降低,其中全血粘度,还原粘度和RBC压积等指标降低显著(P<0.05及0.001).未输入佳乐施组的血液流变学指标术后比术前明显增高,且有统计学意义.结论手术患者术中输入佳乐施对维持和/或降低血液粘度,改善微循环,减少心脏负荷和对于疾病的恢复有重要意义.     

股骨头坏死的血液流变学实验研究

目的：探讨股骨头坏死的发病机理。方法：未成年雄性日本大耳白兔 ６０只,分成三组：Ａ组股骨头坏死组,共４０只,分为 ４小组。Ｂ组预防组,１０ 只。Ｃ组 创伤组,１０只。所有动物在术前及术后（Ａ,Ｂ两组动物分别术后２周,４周,８周,１２ 周,Ｃ组在术后２周,４周）抽耳缘静脉血作血液流变学检测。结果：Ａ组的血液粘度 较术前明显升高,与 Ｂ组同期比较,相差非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｂ组血液粘度明显 低于Ａ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与术前比较相差不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,Ｃ组在术后２周内血液 粘度较术前升高,术后４周恢复到术前水平。结论：１．在兔股骨头坏死发病过程中, 血液维持高粘滞状态。２．肝素加山莨菪碱能明显改善血液高粘滞状态,预防实验 兔股骨头坏死的发生。３．在兔股骨头坏死早期,血液高粘滞状态出现在Ｘ线片异 常之前。血液流变学因素在股骨头坏死的发病机理中可能起重要作用。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.