蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者外周血淋巴细胞免疫表型和T细胞活化的研究

目的：观察蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者外周血淋巴细胞免疫表到和T细胞活化的变化,进一步探讨本病患者的免疫功能。方法：用流式细胞术检测8例活动性蚕蚀性角膜溃病患者外周血淋巴细胞对项免疫表型变化,用植物凝集素和沸被醉酯作为刺激剂,以HLA－DR,CD69、CD71、CD25的表达为T细胞活化的指标,用流式细胞术分析。结果：蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者外周血CD4、CD5、CD8、CD10、CD11b、CD15、CD16、CD19、CD23、CD25、CD41、CD69、HLA-DP、HLADR抗原表达阳性淋巴细胞以及HLA－DR、CD69、CD71、CD25在CD3和CD8细胞的表达均明显高于正常对照组。结论：蚕蚀性角膜溃疡患者具有增强的细胞免疫和体液免疫,外周血T细胞及其亚群出现异常活化,反映患者体内存在自身免疫反应而支持该病发病之自身免疫学说。     

山茱萸总甙对大鼠角膜移植排斥反应免疫抑制作用机制研究

目的：观察山茱萸总甙对大鼠角膜移植模型细胞免疫功能影响，并通过观察外周血淋巴细胞活化状态以期进一步阐明山茱萸总甙的免疫抑制机制。方法： 建立封闭群大鼠SD-Wistar组间同种异体穿透性角膜移植模型，观察脾淋巴细胞对丝裂原刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激的增殖反应和单向混合淋巴细胞反应；采用双标法流式分析技术(PE标记CD4单抗及FITC标记的CD8、CD25单抗)，观察角膜移植术后不同时间外周血淋巴细胞表型变化，并计算CD4/CD8比值。 结果： ①山茱萸总甙可以明显抑制同种异体穿透性角膜移植大鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖反应和单向混合淋巴细胞反应。②外周血淋巴细胞表型改变主要结果如下：空白对照组大鼠外周血CD4、CD8的表达及CD4/CD8比值在术后各时点其差别无显著。但术后表达CD25的CD4阳性细胞明显升高。治疗组CD4/CD8比值则下降，术后表达CD25的CD4阳性细胞明显低于对照组。 结论： 抑制T淋巴细胞的增殖、混合淋巴细胞反应、T淋巴细胞活化表达CD分子，IL-2受体的表达，可能是山茱萸总甙抑制机体细胞免疫功能的主要机制之一。     

角膜上皮细胞的免疫学特性

目的：探讨角膜上皮细胞刺激淋巴细胞增生的能力和共同刺激通路分子在角膜上皮细胞的表达。方法：体外共同培养人角膜上皮细胞和外周血单个核细胞，免疫组织化学染色方法测定HLAⅡ类抗原、CD40、CD154、CD80和CD86的表达．同时对比角膜移植排斥反应的移植片。荧光辅助细胞筛选、分析、测定CD69的上调。结果：HLAⅡ类抗原在角膜上皮细胞表达，γ-干扰素能够升高共同刺激通路分子CD40和CD80的表达；而且HLAⅡ类抗原和CD40均在角膜移植排斥反应的移植片上被检测出。T淋巴细胞在共同培养系统中被上皮细胞激活。结论：人角膜上皮细胞参与角膜移植排斥反应过程，移植免疫排斥反应被上皮细胞所诱导和初始化，但最终反应作用于内皮细胞。     

蛋白转导域介导BCR/ABL抗原对CML患者T细胞的活化作用

目的：研究蛋白转导域(PTD)介导的BCR／ABL抗原对慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)患者T细胞的特异性活化作用。方法：利用基因工程技术，将PTD基因与CML b3a2 bcr／abl基因融合并原核表达。将纯化的PTD—BCR／ABL融合蛋白与CML患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)体外共孵育，用流式细胞仪分别检测CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞上活化抗原CD25的表达。结果：终浓度为100mg／L的PTD—BCR／ABL抗原体外刺激4d后，10例CML患者中，5例表现为CD8^ T细胞活化，2例表现为CD4^ T细胞活化，其中有1例CD8^ 和CD4^ T细胞同时活化；而作为对照的BCR／ABL抗原刺激组无一例表现为CD8^ 或CD4^ T细胞活化。结论：PTD能将外源性BCR／ABL抗原转导入抗原呈递细胞内，加工呈递后激活抗原特异性CD8^ 及CD4^ T细胞，为CML特异性CD8^ 、CD4^ T细胞的体外活化及细胞免疫治疗开辟一条新的途径。     

协同刺激分子CD28在结核杆菌抗原体外激活人外周血γδT细胞中的作用

目的 :为了探讨CD2 8协同刺激分子在结核杆菌 (Mtb)低分子多肽抗原体外激活人外周血γδ T细胞中的作用。方法 :采用激发型抗CD2 8单抗模拟第二信号 ,Mtb低分子多肽抗原作为刺激原 ,对纯化的人外周血T细胞进行体外刺激和培养 ;用流式细胞仪检测γδ T细胞上CD2 8分子的表达、γδ T细胞的增殖效应及活化的γδ T细胞上CD6 9分子的表达。结果 :人外周血γδ T细胞中有 5 0 %左右表达CD2 8分子 ;抗CD2 8单抗协同Mtb抗原可刺激γδ T细胞的活化和增殖 ;但抗CD2 8单抗或Mtb抗原单独刺激则无作用。活化的γδ T细胞表面表达CD6 9分子。结论 :Mtb抗原在选择性活化人外周血γδ T细胞时需要第二信号的参与 ;CD2 8在Mtb抗原激活γδ T细胞时可提供协同刺激信号 ;CD6 9可作为γδ T细胞的早期活化标志。     

慢性乙肝患者外周血T细胞早期活化的研究

已有证据表明乙肝病毒携带者体内存在免疫紊乱，但对于这些个体中T淋巴细胞早期激活标志CD69的研究在国内外尚未见报道。CD69是T淋巴细胞激活后最早表达的表面抗原，当其表达后，可作为共刺激信号促进T细胞进一步活化和增殖。我们研究乙肝病毒携带者外周血CD4^ CD8^ T淋巴细胞CD69的表达，现报告如下。     

IL-2调节人外周血T淋巴细胞CTLA-4表达

目的 探讨人外周血T淋巴细胞CTLA-4的表达情况及IL-2对其表达的调节作用。方法 采用流式细胞仪定量测定人外周血T淋巴细胞内及细胞膜上CTLA-4的水平，半定量RT-PCR检测T淋巴细胞内CTLA-4mRNA的水平，并在体外用IL-2刺激T淋巴细胞后观察CTLA-4及CTLA-4mRNA水平的变化。结果 人外周血T淋巴细胞膜表面几乎不表达CTLA-4，7．6％-18．0％的T淋巴细胞有胞内表达，CD4^ T淋巴细胞表达CTLA-4的阳性比例略高于CD8^ T淋巴细胞；人T淋巴细胞可溶性形式的CTLA-4mRNA半衰期短于全长CTLA-4mRNA；IL-2可以通过诱导人T淋巴细胞CTLA-4mRNA的转录上调CTLA-4的表达，IL-2诱导的细胞多为CD25^ T淋巴细胞。结论 CTLA4多存在于人外周血T淋巴细胞内，参与T淋巴细胞活化过程的调节。IL-2的免疫抑制作用可能与其诱导T淋巴细胞内CTLA-4mRNA转录，从而上调CTLA-4的表达有关。     

CD226在系统性红斑狼疮患者T淋巴细胞亚群上的表达

目的：研究CD226在SLE患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群上的表达，以阐明CD226抗原在SLE患者体内T细胞活化中作用以及与SLE发病的关系。方法：31例SLE患者和30例健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞，在体外培养72h后，三色荧光标记的单克隆抗体染色，利用流式细胞仪测定T细胞亚群细胞表面CD226抗原的表达。结果；SLE患者组的CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T淋巴细胞上CD226^ 表达均高于正常对照组（P＜0．01）；活动期SLE组、静止期SLE组的CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞上CD226^ 表达均显著高于对照组（P＜0．01），而活动期与静止期患者之间T细胞亚群上CD226^ 表达则无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。SLE患者CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ T细胞CD226^ 抗原表达水平与SLEDAI之间无明显相关性（P＞0．05）。结论：SLE患者体内存在T细胞亚群异常活化；活动期、静止期SLET淋巴细胞CD226^＋表达均增高，CD226^ 可能参与了SLE的免疫发病。     

Caspase-8信号分子对SLE患者T细胞亚群的双向调节作用研究

目的 分析SLE患者外周血T细胞内活化Caspase-8、Caspase-3和T细胞膜上Fas、CD69以及外周血中Foxp3 CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞的表达,探讨他们在SLE患者免疫失衡中的作用.方法 用流式细胞术检测活化Caspase-8、Caspase-3和Fas、CD69以及Foxp3 CD4 CD25 Treg的表达.结果 与健康对照相比,SLE患者外周血CD3 CD4 T细胞上Fas表达显著升高(P＜0.05),无论稳定期或活动期SLE患者CD3 CD4 T细胞和CD3 CD8 T细胞中活化Caspase-8的表达均显著增加(P＜0.05),且稳定期和活动期SLE患者CD3 CD8 T细胞中活化Caspase-8的表达高于其在CD3 CD4 T细胞中的表达(P＜0.05);但是仅活动期SLE患者T细胞内活化Caspase-3表达增加(P＜0.05),同时稳定期和活动期SLE患者CD3 CD4 T细胞中活化Caspase-3的表达高于其在CD3 CD8 T细胞中的表达(P＜0.05).同时SLE患者CD3 CD8 T细胞上CD69表达率升高(P＜0.05),但是CD69在CD3 CD4 T细胞上的表达率与健康对照相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05).SLE患者外周血中Foxp3 CD4 CD25 Treg比例显著低于健康对照(P＜0.05).结论 Caspase-8介导的信号事件同时参与诱导SLE患者淋巴细胞的凋亡与活化,促使SLE患者体内免疫反应向Th2极化,同时由于SLE患者外周血中Foxp3 CD4 CD25 Treg表达降低所介导的免疫抑制效应缺陷,他们共同作用促使SLE患者外周免疫平衡障碍.     

黄连素对T淋巴细胞活化和增殖的抑制作用

目的:研究黄连素(Ber)对T细胞体外活化和增殖的影响及作用机制。方法:正常人外周血全血培养,以植物血凝素(PHA)或佛波醇酯(PDB)加离子霉素(Ion)刺激活化淋巴细胞,双荧光染色及溶血获取有核细胞后,以流式细胞仪分析T细胞表达活化抗原CD69和CD25的水平,并以碘化丙锭染色分析细胞周期分布,7-AAD活染分析细胞死亡率。结果:浓度为100μmol/L和50μmol/L的Ber对PDB+Ion或PHA激活T细胞表达CD69有明显抑制,而25μmol/L的Ber抑制效应无显著性;随时间延长,对CD69表达的抑制程度下降;对于CD25表达,上述3个浓度的Ber抑制作用均有显著性,且呈剂量依赖性。同时,这3个浓度的Ber均能明显阻止淋巴细胞进入S期和G₂/M,对细胞周期的抑制作用没有时相特异性。活染分析显示Ber对淋巴细胞无明显细胞毒性。结论:Ber通过干扰早期活化信号转导通路而抑制T细胞活化和增殖,发挥其免疫抑制作用。     

Cytolytic function for pseudorabies virus-stimulated porcine CD4+ CD8dull+ lymphocytes

We previously observed that pseudorabies (PRV) virus-specific killing in vitro was mediated by CD6+ CD8+ lymphocytes. Also a high percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes, among these CD6+ CD8+ lymphocytes, was observed. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to further characterize the killing ability of PRV-stimulated CD4+ CD8+ lymphocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from blood of PRV-immune pigs and were stimulated in vitro with PRV. After 6 days, the frequency of CD4+ CD8+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry analyses. Lymphocytes were separated using a magnet-activated cell sorter or a FACSVantage SE, and the cytolytic activity of the isolated populations was determined. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that PRV stimulation of immune PBMC resulted in the occurrence of 26% +/- 4% CD4+ CD8dull+ lymphocytes. We further demonstrated that killing by PRV-stimulated PBMC was mediated by CD4+ CD8dull+ T lymphocytes and CD4- CD8+ T lymphocytes (classic cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells). The CD4+ CD8dull+ T lymphocytes showed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-restricted PRV-specific killing. The CD4- CD8+ T lymphocytes showed both PRV-specific and natural killing. The CD4+ CD8dull+ lymphocytes, which are unique in the pig, seemed to have a more heterogeneous function than was earlier demonstrated. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PRV-specific CD4+ CD8dull+ lymphocytes are able to kill PRV-infected target cells in a MHC II-restricted manner.     

Mononuclear cell subpopulations in human follicular fluid from stimulated cycles

The study of lymphocyte subsets from human follicular fluid (FF) provides an opportunity to evaluate immunological features of the ovary. We investigated the mononuclear cell subsets in FF and peripheral blood obtained at the time of laparoscopy from ten in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. Midcycle nonpregnant peripheral blood was used as the control. A marked increase in the proportion of monocytes (CD14+) was observed in FF. Although FF was enriched with CD8+ lymphocytes, a decrease in the proportion of CD4+ lymphocytes was observed. "Memory" T cells in FF, identified by the CD4+ CD45R- phenotype, predominated over "naive" T cells (CD4+ CD45R+) at a ratio of 2:1, which differs from the ratio yielded by control blood samples (1:1). The percentage of activated T cells (CD3+ HLA-DR+ cell) increased significantly in FF. When lymphocyte subsets were studied in the peripheral blood of IVF patients, changes similar to but less significant than those in FF were found. These data support the concept that lymphocytes play an important role in ovarian physiology.     

CD4+CD8+ murine intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes

We have studied a population of CD4+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes using two-color flow cytometric analyses, and in highly purified fluorescent-activated cell-sorted preparations. Although CD4+ T cells present within the epithelial immune compartment comprised only approximately 10-20% of the total intestinal epithelial lymphoid cells, an unusually high proportion of those CD4+ lymphocytes expressed a CD4+CD8+ phenotype which is rarely encountered in peripheral T cells. By comparison, CD4+ lymphocytes from spleen or lymph nodes existed exclusively as single-positive T cells. Analyses of CD4 and CD8 expression on lymphocytes from Peyer's patches, the lamina propria, and IEL indicated that CD4+CD8+ lymphocytes were unique to the IEL. Using CD4+CD8+ preparations obtained by fluorescent-activated cell sorting, CD4+CD8+ epithelial T cells were found also to express CD3 and Thy-1 surface markers. This heretofore undescribed extrathymic population of double-positive T cells constitutes a unique peripheral T cell subset which may be involved in intestinal T cell maturation and development, or could represent a highly specialized effector population.     

流式细胞术检测过敏性紫癜患儿外周血调节性T细胞的研究

目的了解过敏性紫癜（HSP）患儿外周血调节性T细胞数量的改变及其在过敏性紫癜患儿免疫功能紊乱中的调控作用。方法应用四色流式细胞术,对35例过敏性紫癜患儿和35例正常儿童的CD4^＋CD25^hi调节性T细胞、CD3^＋T淋巴细胞、CD3^＋CD4^＋辅助T细胞、CD3^＋CD8^＋抑制T细胞、CD19^＋B淋巴细胞、CD3^-CD16^＋ 56^＋NK细胞进行测定。结果HSP患儿外周血CD4^＋CD25^hi调节性T细胞、CD3^＋CD4^＋辅助T细胞、CD3-CD16^＋56＋NK细胞的百分率下降均明显低于对照组;CD19^＋B淋细胞的百分率则显著增高;而两组间CD3^＋T淋巴细胞、CD3^＋CD8^＋抑制T细胞的变化差异无统计学意义。结论HSP患儿体内存在细胞及体液免疫功能紊乱,CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞具有维持自身免疫耐受和调节免疫应答的功能,其数量下降可能是导致过敏性紫癜发病的重要原因之一。     

中国恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)外周血CD4+CD25+T淋巴细胞的研究

目的:研究中国恒河猴外周血中CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞亚群及其分布频率。方法:利用流式细胞术对50只中国恒河猴外周血CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞进行了分析。结果:发现所有被检测的恒河猴个体中均存在明显的CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞亚群;CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞大约占CD4 T淋巴细胞的9.1%(变化范围为2.6%～18.1%);其中CD4 CD25highT淋巴细胞约占2.5%(0.3%～5.5%)。对不同年龄和性别个体中CD4 CD25 T淋巴细胞频率的初步分析未发现统计学上有年龄或性别差异。结论:中国恒河猴可用于与CD4 CD25 T细胞相关的人类疾病的研究中。     

Characterization of pancreatic T lymphocytes associated with beta cell destruction in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse.

Pancreatic beta cell destruction in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages and accelerated by cyclophosphamide. We purified pancreatic T lymphocytes from the NOD mouse for comparative phenotypic and functional analysis with T lymphocytes from spleen, peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes. Pancreatic T lymphocytes from NOD-Wehi mice, which have an incidence of spontaneous diabetes of less than 5%, had a CD4:CD8 ratio of 1.25 +/- 0.23 compared with 2.44 +/- 0.31 for peripheral blood lymphocytes. After cyclophosphamide, the CD4:CD8 ratio of pancreatic lymphocytes increased to 2.30 +/- 0.24 at day 7. T lymphocytes bearing IL-2 receptors increased two- to three-fold in number and their secretion of GM-CSF/IL-3 and IFN-gamma increased to a maximum on day 7. Pancreatic insulin content and mRNA levels declined sharply between days 10 and 12, at which time the majority of pancreatic T lymphocytes in hyperglycaemic mice were CD8+ (CD4:CD8 ratio 0.63 +/- 0.04 compared to 4.14 +/- 1.05 in peripheral blood). The pancreatic T lymphocyte CD4:CD8 ratio in prediabetic NOD-Lt mice, which have an incidence of spontaneous diabetes of about 60% at 150 days, was similar to that in untreated NOD-Wehi mice, but 25% of their pancreatic CD8 T lymphocytes were IL-2-receptor positive. Thus, significant changes in the phenotype of NOD pancreatic T lymphocytes following cyclophosphamide were not reflected in peripheral blood or spleen T lymphocytes. The earliest change after cyclophosphamide was an increase in activated, predominantly CD4+ T lymphocytes; with the development of beta cell destruction and hyperglycaemia, pancreatic T lymphocytes were, as in human IDDM, predominantly CD8+.     

脐血来源间充质干细胞可抑制异体T细胞的反应

目的研究脐血间充质干细胞(HUCB-MSCs)对异体T细胞的抑制作用。方法体外培养HUCB-MSCs,流式细胞术测表面标记;取正常人外周血,免疫磁珠分离CD3+T细胞,将分离的CD3+T与HUCB-MSCs 1∶1混合培养5 d,PHA刺激或不刺激,采用3H-TdR掺入法观察T细胞增殖,ELISA方法检测细胞因子,流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡。结果 HUCB-MSCs呈纺锤样的细胞形态,不表达CD14、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR,而表达CD29、CD44、HLA-ABC。HUCB-MSCs抑制PHA引起的T细胞增殖(5 230±550 vs 10 500±800 counts/min,P<0.001);HUCB-MSCs还能抑制异体T细胞分泌IFN-γ(510±60 vs 1 580±100 pg/mL,P<0.001)和TNF-α(590±20 vs 1 180±30 pg/mL,P<0.001),上调IL-4(16.3±8.2 vs 4.1±1.8 pg/mL,P<0.001)和IL-10(105±5 vs 17±2 pg/mL,P<0.001)分泌;HUCB-MSCs不诱导T细胞的凋亡。结论 HUCB-...     

肿瘤患者胸/腹水和外周血中TCR Vβ亚家族表达及调节性T细胞亚群的研究

目的:探讨肿瘤患者胸/腹水中肿瘤浸润性淋巴细胞(TIL)和外周血T细胞中T细胞受体(TCR)Vβ亚家族的表达变化情况、CD4/CD8细胞比例变化和Treg细胞的分布情况,分析肿瘤患者的免疫状态。方法:分离11例肿瘤患者胸/腹水和外周血以及4例健康人外周血的T细胞,采用流式方法检测Vβ24个亚家族及CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD127的表达情况,统计分析T细胞中Vβ24个亚家族、Treg细胞的特点。结果:TCR Vβ亚家族的表达在肿瘤患者胸/腹水TIL中与血液淋巴细胞中存在着显著差异,其中肺癌患者(4/5)TIL中TCR Vβ8,结肠癌患者(3/4)TIL中TCR Vβ2等亚家族显著高表达;11例肿瘤患者胸/腹水样本中Treg的比例均比外周血高(P<0.05),其中5例肺癌患者胸腹水中CD8+T细胞比例降低。结论:肿瘤患者胸/腹水中的淋巴细胞TCR Vβ亚家族表达与外周血存在差异,表明肿瘤患者体内淋巴细胞发生了明显的优势取用和定向趋化。此外肿瘤微环境可能影响了TIL中CD4+细胞的分化导致胸腹水中Treg细胞的比例升高,同时伴随着CD8+T比例的下降,并可能因此影响到TIL中TCR Vβ亚家族的优势取用情况,且导致免疫耐受。     

Epidermal keratinocytes do not activate peripheral T-cells: interleukin-10 as a possible regulator

The immunogenicity of allogeneic cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (cHEKs) has been studied in several models with contradictory results. We studied human T-cell activation in an in vitro assay by incubating, for 4 and 24 hr, cHEK confluent sheets with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); parallel HEK cultures were incubated with interferon (IFN)-gamma to induce the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules before their interaction with PBMC. T-cell activation was evaluated by flow cytometry. T cells neither expressed the early and late activation markers CD69 and CD25, respectively, nor proliferated after incubation with the epidermal sheets, despite the IFN-gamma-induced expression of MHC and adhesion molecules in cHEKs. Interleukin (IL)-10 was detected in the medium from the co-cultured PBMC and HEK sheets, but not from HEK alone. The results suggest that HEKs are unable to stimulate T lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines that might contribute to the immunosuppressive effect in this in vitro model.     

中国健康人外周血中具有CD4+CD25nt/hiCD127lo特征的调节性T细胞频率

目的：初步确定健康人外周血中具有CD4^＋ CD25^nt/hi CD127^lo特征的调节性T细胞（Treg）频率，为临床相关疾病的研究及Treg的分选提供参考。方法：采集312名8—60岁（5个年龄组）、不同性别健康人的静脉血，经三重免疫荧光染色，用流式细胞术分析CD4^＋ CD25^nt/hi CD127^lo Treg细胞频率，并观察细胞内Foxp3转录因子的表达。结果：健康人CD4^＋ CD25^nt/hi CD127^lo Treg细胞在外周血中约占CD4^＋ T细胞的（6．55±0．11）％，各年龄组之间有差异（P=0．015），组内性别之间也存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）； CD25^nt/hi CD127^lo细胞特异性地表达Foxp3转录因子。结论：初步确定了中国健康人外周血中具有CD4^＋ CD25^nt/hi CD127^lo表达特征的细胞频率，为Treg细胞的临床研究奠定了基础； CD25^nt/hi CD127^lo作为CD4^＋ CD25^＋ Treg细胞表面的特征性标志，可在分选时排除其他细胞干扰，获得较完整的Treg细胞。