体外心肺复苏应用于心脏骤停患者神经功能预后的系统评价和Meta分析

目的 通过系统评价探讨体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)辅助下心肺复苏(CPR)对心脏骤停(CA)患者神经功能预后的影响。方法 检索从建库至2023年2月PubMed、Web of Science、Ovid、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等。根据文献纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选、质量评价和资料提取，应用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计分析。结果 共纳入9项研究，共计2 694例患者，其中体外心肺复苏(ECPR)组717例患者，传统心肺复苏(CCPR)组1 977例。Meta分析结果显示，与CCPR相比，ECPR可以提高CA患者短期(出院或1个月内)神经功能预后[OR=2.93,95%CI(1.76,4.87),P<0.000 1]及长期神经功能预后[OR=0.12,95%CI(0.07,0.17),P<0.000 01]。亚组分析表明，在院内心脏骤停(IHCA)和院外心脏骤停(OHCA)患者中实施ECPR对改善出院时的神经功能预后方面异质性较大(组内I²≥50%,P<0.05),而在改善...     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏效果影响的Meta分析

目的评价使用机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏结局的影响。方法系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、PUBMED、Web of Science等数据库中关于机械心肺复苏和徒手心肺复苏的相关文献,提取有效数据后用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共计纳入20项临床研究,包含29 727例患者,其中11 104例患者在复苏过程中使用了机械心肺复苏,18 623例患者在复苏过程中全程使用徒手心肺复苏。Meta分析结果显示,机械心肺复苏相对于徒手心肺复苏不能有效改善心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复发生率(RR=1.10,95%CI:0.99~1.23,P<0.01)、入院存活率(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.95~1.08,P=0.67)、出院存活率(RR=1.00,95%CI:0.86~1.15,P=0.14)、神经功能预后(RR=0.81,95%CI:0.61~1.06,P=0.69)。结论机械心肺复苏对比徒手心肺复苏,并不能显著改善心脏骤停患者的预后。不推荐机械心肺复苏完全替代徒手胸外按压。     

ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的相关临床因素分析

目的 分析影响ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的相关因素.方法 收集ICU心脏骤停并行心肺复苏抢救病例131例,分为自主循环恢复(ROSC)组与未恢复(Non-ROSC)组,分析患者临床资料及影响ROSC的相关因素.结果 单因素分析显示,ROSC 组和Non-ROSC 组有统计学意义的项目:原发病(χ2=11.015,P=0.026)、心脏骤停形式(χ2=7.048,P=0.029)、目击察觉(χ2=15.886,P＜0.001),无统计学意义的项目:性别、年龄及心脏骤停时间点等.Logistic回归分析显示,原发病为心血管疾病(OR=0.129,P=0.003)、脑血管疾病(OR=7.818,P=0.002)、严重多发伤(OR=0.141,P=0.014),心脏骤停形式为心脏停搏或无脉电活动(OR=4.573,P=0.006),目击察觉(OR=0.078,P=0.000)是影响ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的重要因素.结论 原发病、心脏骤停形式及目击察觉是影响ICU心脏骤停患者心肺复苏的重要因素.     

78例体外心肺复苏患者的临床特点回顾性分析

目的:总结体外膜肺氧合辅助心肺复苏患者(extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECPR)的临床特点并分析临床结局的影响因素。方法:回顾性纳入2015年03月至2020年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院(江苏省人民医院)急诊医学科收治的ECPR患者78例。根据患者的临床结局分为存活组和死亡组。分别比较两组的基本资料,CPR资料及ECPR启动前实验室检验。结果:共纳入ECPR患者78例,男性51例,女性27例,存活23例,其中男性10例,女性13例。组间患者年龄、体质量指数、基础疾病(高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病)均差异无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。存活组男性患者比例低于死亡组( P=0.017)。同时存活组患者SAVE（survival after veno-arterial ECMO）评分显著高于死亡组[(-1.57±4.15) vs. (-9.36±5.36), P<0.001]。存活组中旁观者心肺复苏比例高于死亡组( P=0.014)。存活组ECPR启动前存活组血清AST、ALT、Cr水平均低于死亡组( P<0.05)。二分类多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示旁观者心肺复苏( OR=0.114,95% CI: 0.015~0.867, P=0.036)和SAVE评分( OR=0.625,95% CI: 0.479~0.815, P=0.001)是预测ECPR患者ICU死亡的独立危险因素。 结论:单中心资料显示ECPR是救治呼吸心搏骤停患者的有效手段,旁观者心肺复苏、SAVE评分是预测ECPR患者ICU死亡的独立危险因素。     

心肺复苏中机械通气选择时机对院内心脏骤停患者预后的影响

目的:探讨心肺复苏过程中机械通气的选择时机对院内心脏骤停患者预后的影响.方法:以院内心脏骤停自主循环恢复的机械通气患者48例为研究对象,按开始机械通气的时间不同分为早期上机组22例和晚期上机组26例.统计两组患者年龄、性别、心脏骤停心律类型以及心脏骤停原因;统计两组患者的心肺复苏成功率、心脏骤停第24小时有无角膜反射、有无瞳孔反射、有无疼痛躲避反应、有无运动反应、出院时神经功能分类(CPC)以及成活出院率.比较两组患者上述指标之间有无差异性.结果:两组患者年龄、性别、心脏骤停心律类型以及心脏骤停原因之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05):两组患者的心肺复苏成功率、第24小时角膜反射(+)、第24小时瞳孔反射(+)、第24小时疼痛躲避反应(+)、第24小时运动反应(+)以及出院时神经功能(CPC)分类等指标差异具有统计学意义,早期上机组明显优于晚期上机组(P＜0.05);两组患者成活出院率(45.45% VS 23.08%)之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),共计成活出院16例(33.33%).结论:尽早给予有效的机械通气呼吸支持,可提高院内心脏骤停患者的心肺复苏成功率和改善神经功能预后.     

心脏骤停后心肺复苏和心肺脑复苏成功病例的对比分析

目的 探讨影响心脏骤停患者成功脑复苏的相关因素.方法 回顾对比分析心脏骤停后成功心肺脑复苏(A组,n=38)和仅心肺复苏成功(B组,n=42)患者之间的相关指标,包括性别、年龄、原发疾病、心脏骤停原因、心脏骤停环境、心脏骤停相关时间和心肺复苏后相关治疗持续时间.结果 两组性别比和平均年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).原发疾病:A组以外科为主(78.9%),B组以内科为主(61.9%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停原因:A组31例(81.6%)为急性缺氧、低血压、内脏神经反射和单纯心脏疾患, B组30例(71.4%)为慢性缺氧和慢性心脏病,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停环境:A组24例(63.2%)发生在手术室和ICU,B组22例(52.4%)发生在普通病房,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).心脏骤停相关时间:A组心脏骤停持续时间(8.2±8.7)min,自主心跳恢复时间(6.7±8.4)min,脑缺血缺氧时间(1.5±1.3)min,均明显短于B组[分别为(30.8±26.2)min、(27.7±24.9)min和(3.1±3.1)min,P＜0.001或P＜0.005].心肺复苏后相关治疗持续时间:A组亚低温持续时间(4.0±2.6)d,呼吸机持续时间(11.1±19.7)d,与B组[(5.9±3.8)d和(15.4±29.3)d]比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).Logistic多因素回归分析显示,原发疾病(OR=6.22,95%CI 1.64～23.46)、心脏骤停持续时间(OR=1.11,95%CI 1.04～1.19)和心脏骤停发生环境(OR=4.51,95%CI 1.22～16.61)与成功脑复苏的关系更密切,成为三个独立影响因素.结论 没有明显慢性疾病,在手术室和ICU以急性缺氧、低血压和单纯心脏原因发生的心脏骤停,抢救及时有效,复苏后处理恰当、合理,尽早实施全面脑保护是成功脑复苏的有利因素.     

目标体温管理对体外心肺复苏患者神经功能结局和出院生存率影响的系统评价

目的 系统评价目标体温管理对体外心肺复苏(extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ECPR)患者神经功能结局和出院生存率的影响。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Elsevier、Web of Science、Ovid、中国知网、万方、SinoMed、中华医学期刊全文数据库中关于目标体温管理对ECPR患者结局指标影响的文献,检索时限均从建库至2023年6月1日。严格按照纳入排除标准进行筛选,提取资料,评价文献质量,采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入研究进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入8篇研究,包括3 687例ECPR患者。与非目标体温管理组比较,目标体温管理未能显著改善患者神经功能结局(OR=1.37, 95%CI 0.89～2.13,P=0.16)和出院生存率(OR=0.98, 95%CI 0.82～1.15,P=0.77),且两组出血、下肢缺血、肾损伤和感染等ECMO相关并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(OR=1.24,95%CI 0.91～1.68,P=0.17)。结论 目标体温管理对ECPR患者的神经结...     

插入式腹部按压心肺复苏与标准心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏效果和安全性的Meta分析

目的 系统评价插入式腹部按压心肺复苏与标准心肺复苏抢救心脏骤停患者的效果和安全性.方法 检索The Cochrane Library、Embase、PubMed(Medline)、Web of Science、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库关于插入式腹部按压心肺复苏与标准心肺复苏相比较的随机对照试验,采用RevMan 5.3软件对插入式腹部按压心肺复苏与标准心肺复苏抢救心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复率、24 h及出院后存活率、复苏后呼气末二氧化碳分压、冠脉灌注压、并发症发生率进行统计学分析.结果 共纳入13篇文献,1284例患者.分析结果显示:插入式腹部按压心肺复苏组的自主循环恢复率显著高于标准心肺复苏组[RR=1.36,95％CI(1.21～1.54),P<0.001];24 h存活率显著高于标准心肺复苏组[RR=1.99,95％CI(1.61～2.46),P<0.001];出院后存活率显著高于标准心肺复苏组[RD=0.21,95％CI(0.21～0.32),P<0.001];复苏后呼气末二氧化碳分压值显著高于标准心肺复苏组[MD=8.18,95％CI(6.47～9.98),P<0.001];冠脉灌注压显著高于标准心肺复苏组[MD=1.89,95％CI(1.53～2.26),P<0.001];并发症骨折发生率无统计学意义[RR=0.68,95％CI(0.42～1.1),P=0.110];呕吐发生率无统计学意义[RR=0.94,95％CI(0.78～1.14),P=0.550].结论 插入式腹部按压心肺复苏复苏成功率、24 h及出院后存活率、复苏后呼气末二氧化碳分压、冠脉灌注压均高于标准心肺复苏,但并不能减少并发症的发生率.     

气管内插管与声门上气道放置对院外心脏骤停患者心肺复苏疗效的Meta分析

目的综合评价并探讨院前气管内插管（ETI）与声门上气道（SGA）放置对院外心脏骤停（OHCA）患者的心肺复苏疗效。 方法检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库从建库至2018年9月8日以来关于对比由急诊医疗服务系统（EMSS）人员实施的ETI和SGA高级气道管理对OHCA患者心肺复苏效果的相关文献。由2位研究者按照纳入及排除标准独立进行文献筛选、数据提取及质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入13篇队列研究,1篇随机对照试验,包括了40 063例ETI患者和47 897例SGA患者。Meta分析结果显示,ETI组患者的自主循环恢复率[比值比（OR）= 1.20,95%置信区间（CI）（1.06,2.51）,Z=2.98,P=0.003]及出院后神经系统功能完整性[OR=1.09,95%CI（1.01,1.19）,Z=2.09,P=0.04]明显高于SGA组患者,而ETI组与SGA组患者间入院存活率[OR=1.14,95%CI（1.00,1.30）,Z=1.97,P=0.05]及出院存活率[OR=1.04,95%CI（0.97,1.12）,Z=1.16,P=0.25]比较,差异均无统计学意义。 结论对于由EMSS人员操作的成人OHCA患者的心肺复苏中气道管理而言,使用ETI优于SGA。     

Comparing the survival between extracorporeal rescue and conventional resuscitation in adult in-hospital cardiac arrests: Propensity analysis of three-year data

Aim

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has been shown to have survival benefit over conventional CPR (CCPR) in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest of cardiac origin. We compared the survival of patients who had return of spontaneous beating (ROSB) after ECPR with the survival of those who had return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after conventional CPR.

Methods

Propensity score-matched cohort of adults with in-hospital prolonged CPR (>10 min) of cardiac origin in a university-affiliated tertiary extracorporeal resuscitation center were included in this study. Fifty-nine patients with ROSB after ECPR and 63 patients with sustained ROSC by CCPR were analyzed. Main outcome measures were survival at hospital discharge, 30 days, 6 months, and one year, and neurological outcome.

Results

There was no statistical difference in survival to discharge (29.1% of ECPR responders vs. 22.2% of CCPR responders, p = 0.394) and neurological outcome at discharge and one year later. In the propensity score-matched groups, 9 out of 27 ECPR patients survived to one month (33.3%) and 7 out of 27 CCPR patients survived (25.9%). Survival analysis showed no survival difference (HR: 0.856, p = 0.634, 95% CI: 0.453-1.620) between the groups, either at 30 days or at the end of one year (HR: 0.602, p = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.333-1.088).

Conclusions

This study failed to demonstrate a survival difference between patients who had ROSB after institution of ECMO and those who had ROSC after conventional CPR. Further studies evaluating the role of ECMO in conventional CPR rescued patients are warranted.     

Protective effect of extracorporeal membrane pulmonary oxygenation combined with cardiopulmonary resuscitation on post-resuscitation lung injury

BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest (CA) is a critical condition that is a concern to healthcare workers. Comparative studies on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) technologies have shown that ECPR is superior to CCPR. However, there is a lack of studies that compare the protective effects of these two resuscitative methods on organs. Therefore, we aim to perform experiments in swine models of ventricular fibrillation-induced CA to study whether the early application of ECPR has advantages over CCPR in the lung injury and to explore the protective mechanism of ECPR on the post-resuscitation pulmonary injury. METHODS: Sixteen male swine were randomized to CCPR (CCPR; n=8; CCPR alone) and ECPR (ECPR; n=8; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with CCPR) groups, with the restoration of spontaneous circulation at 6 hours as an endpoint. RESULTS: For the two groups, the survival rates between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), the blood and lung biomarkers were statistically significant (P<0.05), and the extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index were statistically significant (P<0.01). Compared with the ECPR group, electron microscopy revealed mostly vacuolated intracellular alveolar type II lamellar bodies and a fuzzy lamellar structure with widening and blurring of the blood-gas barrier in the CCPR group. CONCLUSIONS: ECPR may have pulmonary protective effects, possibly related to the regulation of alveolar surface-active proteins and mitigated oxidative stress response post-resuscitation.     

An optimal transition time to extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for predicting good neurological outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity-matched study

Introduction

Prolonged conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR) is associated with a poor prognosis in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Alternative methods can be needed to improve the outcome in patients with prolonged CCPR and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can be considered as an alternative method. The objectives of this study were to estimate the optimal duration of CPR to consider ECPR as an alternative resuscitation method in patients with CCPR, and to find the indications for predicting good neurologic outcome in OHCA patients who received ECPR.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis based on a prospective cohort. We included patients ≥ 18 years of age without suspected or confirmed trauma and who experienced an OHCA from May 2006 to December 2013. First, we determined the appropriate cut-off duration for CPR based on the discrimination of good and poor neurological outcomes in the patients who received only CCPR, and then we compared the outcome between the CCPR group and ECPR group by using propensity score matching. Second, we compared CPR related data according to the neurologic outcome in matched ECPR group.

Results

Of 499 patients suitable for inclusion, 444 and 55 patients were enrolled in the CCPR and ECPR group, respectively. The predicted duration for a favorable neurologic outcome (CPC1, 2) is < 21 minutes of CPR in only CCPR patients. The matched ECPR group with ≥ 21 minutes of CPR duration had a more favorable neurological outcome than the matched CCPR group at 3 months post-arrest. In matched ECPR group, younger age, witnessed arrest without initial asystole rhythm, early achievement of mean arterial pressure ≥ 60 mmHg, low rate of ECPR-related complications, and therapeutic hypothermia were significant factors for expecting good neurologic outcome.

Conclusions

ECPR should be considered as an alternative method for attaining good neurological outcomes in OHCA patients who required prolonged CPR, especially of ≥ 21 minutes. Younger or witnessed arrest patients without initial asystole were good candidates for ECPR. After implantation of ECPR, early hemodynamic stabilization, prevention of ECPR-related complications, and application of therapeutic hypothermia may improve the neurological outcome.     

Clinical benefits of corticosteroid administration during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systemic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDThe clinical benefits of steroid administration during cardiac arrest remain unclear. Several studies reported that patients who received steroids after achieving a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) had better outcomes, but few studies have investigated the benefits of steroid administration during resuscitation. We hypothesized that administration of steroid during cardiac arrest would be associated with better clinical outcomes in adults with cardiac arrest.AIMTo investigate the effect of steroid administration during cardiac arrest and the outcomes of resuscitation.METHODSWe included studies of participants older than 18 years of age who experienced cardiac arrest and included at least one arm that received corticosteroids during cardiac arrest. A literature search of PubMed and Embase on 31 January 2021 retrieved placebo-controlled studies without limitation for type, location, and initial presenting rhythm of cardiac arrest. The study outcomes were reported by odds ratios (ORs) compared with placebo. The primary outcome was survival rate at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included a sustained ROSC, survival rate at hospital admission, and neurological outcome at hospital discharge.RESULTSSix studies including 146262 participants were selected for analysis. The risk of bias ranged from low to high for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) and low (for non-RCTs). Steroid administration was associated with increased survival at hospital discharge [OR: 3.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.98-6.20, P < 0.001], and steroid administration during cardiac arrest was associated with both an increased rate of sustained ROSC (OR: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.91-4.02, P < 0.001) and a favorable neurological outcome at hospital discharge (OR: 3.02, 95%CI: 1.26-7.24, P = 0.01).CONCLUSIONSteroid administration during cardiac arrest was associated with better outcomes of resuscitation. Further study of the use of steroid in the selected circumstances are warranted.     

Comparison of extracorporeal and conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A meta-analysis of 2 260 patients with cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), improves outcomes in adult patients with cardiac arrest (CA).     

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients

Cardiac arrest is a major cause of unexpected death in developed countries, and patients with cardiac arrest generally have a poor prognosis. Despite the use of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few patients could achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Even if ROSC was achieved, some patients showed re-arrest and many survivors were unable to fully resume their former lifestyles because of severe neurological deficits. Safar et al reported the effectiveness of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass in an animal model and discussed the possibility of employing cardiopulmonary bypass as a CPR method. Because of progress in medical engineering, the system of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) became small and portable, and it became easy to perform circulatory support in cardiac arrest or shock patients. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has been reported to be superior to conventional CPR in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Veno- arterial ECMO is generally performed in emergency settings and it can be used to perform ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Although there is no sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, encouraging results have been obtained in small case series.     

海南省多中心心肺复苏Utstien模式注册研究

目的 本研究以心肺复苏乌斯坦因(Utstein)评估模式评价海南省13家医院心搏骤停患者流行病学特征、心肺复苏结果及其影响因素。方法 在Utstein指南基础上设计“海南省心肺复苏Utstein注册登记表”,在2007年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间对海南省13家医院急诊科心搏骤停心肺复苏患者实施注册登记。通过方差分析等统计学方法,对心肺复苏患者实施前瞻性描述性研究。结果 1125例心搏骤停患者男性占73.8％,女性26.2％,年龄为(53.9±13.1)岁,既往病史以冠心病最为多见,其次为高血压病;自主循环恢复率为23.8％,成活出院为7.4％。自主循环恢复和成活出院的患者中发病l min内获得心肺复苏患者所占比例分别为41.8％和49.4％。院内心搏骤停(IHCA)患者和院外心搏骤停(OHCA)患者ROSC率分别为36.3％,11.6％,成活出院率分别为11.5％,3.3％。心室纤颤/无脉性室性心动过速患者188例(16.7％),其自主循环恢复率及成活出院率分别为58.0％,21.8％。心源性心搏骤停448例(39.8％);其中院内与院外心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复率分别为36.3％,11.6％,成活出院率分别为11.5％,3.3％。非心源性心搏骤停677例(60.2％)。三级医院和二级医院自主循环恢复率分别为69.8％和30.2％,成活出院率分别为7.4％和7.3％。结论 心搏骤停更常见于男性。慢性疾病在本组患者中普遍存在,其中以冠心病和高血压病最为多见。院内心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复和成活出院率均明显高于院外心搏骤停患者。心室纤颤/无脉室性心动过速患者心肺复苏自主循环恢复及成活出院率高于其他类型初始心律的患者。缩短心肺复苏启动时间有助于提高自主循环恢复率及成活出院率。     

Relationship between Time-to-ROSC and Survival in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest ECPR Candidates: When is the Best Time to Consider Transport to Hospital?

Objective: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) may improve outcomes for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Transport of intra-arrest patients to hospital however, may decrease CPR quality, potentially reducing survival for those who would have achieved return-of-spontaneous-circulation (ROSC) with further on-scene resuscitation. We examined time-to-ROSC and patient outcomes for the optimal time to consider transport. Methods: From a prospective registry of consecutive adult non-traumatic OHCA's, we identified a hypothetical ECPR-eligible cohort of EMS-treated patients with age ≤ 65, witnessed arrest, and bystander CPR or EMS arrival < 10 minutes. We assessed the relationship between time-to-ROSC and survival, and constructed a ROC curve to illustrate the ability of a pulseless state to predict non-survival with conventional resuscitation. Results: Of 6,571 EMS-treated cases, 1,206 were included with 27% surviving. Increasing time–to–ROSC (per minute) was negatively associated with survival (adjusted OR 0.91; 95%CI 0.89–0.93%). The yield of survivors per minute of resuscitation increased from commencement and started to decline in the 8th minute. Fifty percent and 90% of survivors had achieved ROSC by 8.0 and 24 min, respectively, at which times the probability of survival for those with initial shockable rhythms was 31% and 10%, and for non-shockable rhythms was 5.2% and 1.6%. The ROC curve illustrated that the 16th minute of resuscitation maximized sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.85–0.89). Conclusion: Transport for ECPR should be considered between 8 to 24 minutes of professional on-scene resuscitation, with 16 minutes balancing the risks and benefits of early and later transport. Earlier transport within this window may be preferred if high quality CPR can be maintained during transport and for those with initial non-shockable rhythms.