HPLC法测定红曲灵芝丹参胶囊中4种成分的含量

目的建立同时测定红曲灵芝丹参胶囊与丹参提取物中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA含量的HPLC法。方法采用Agilent TC-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为2 mL·L~(-1)甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B),梯度洗脱;流速为0.6mL·min~(-1);柱温:30℃;检测波长:280nm;进样量:20μL。结果测定红曲灵芝丹参胶囊中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA 4种成分的含量,每1g中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的含量分别为0.451 2,0.119,1.398和3.789mg,与丹参提取物中各成分的含量相比差异较大。结论该方法简便、准确,灵敏度高,专属性好,可用于红曲灵芝丹参胶囊与丹参提取物的质量控制。     

多波长高效液相色谱法同时测定丹红注射液中7种成分含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定丹红注射液中7种成分的含量。方法:采用Aglient zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.4%甲酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL.min-1;尿苷、腺苷、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、香豆酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B的检测波长分别为260,260,280,280,310,320,286nm;柱温为30℃。结果:尿苷、腺苷、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、香豆酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B分别在1.56～58.4,0.57～21.2,15.7～590.0,6.8～255.2,1.69～63.2,4.2～156.0和13.7～514.4μg.mL-1范围内线性良好,其平均回收率分别为95.6%,96.5%,100.6%,100.6%,102.9%,99.5%和100.2%。结论:该方法简便、快速、准确、重复性好,可用于丹红注射液中尿苷、腺苷、丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、香豆酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B的同时测定。     

HPLC法测定丹参胶囊中丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸及丹酚酸B的含量

目的:建立 HPLC 法测定丹参胶囊中丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸及丹酚酸 B 的含量.方法:采用 waters Symmetry - C18(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,以乙腈为流动相(A)- 0. 1% 三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相(B)进行梯度洗脱,流速 0. 8 ml/ min,柱温为 25 ℃ ,检测波长为 286 nm.结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸 B 的线性范围分别为0. 010 827 ~ 1. 082 7 μg、0. 000 424 6 ~ 0. 042 46 μg、0. 006 755 ~ 0. 675 5 μg 和 0. 109 76 ~ 3. 292 8 μg;丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸及丹酚酸 B 平均回收率分别为 102. 65% 、101. 21% 、101. 13% 和 102. 96% ,RSD 分别为 0. 63% 、1. 56% 、0. 87% 和0. 70% .结论:所建立的 HPLC 法可准确测定丹参胶囊丸中丹参素、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸及丹酚酸 B 的含量.     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定补肾活血方中丹参素、葛根素、大豆苷和丹酚酸B的含量北大核心CSCD

目的:建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定补肾活血方中丹参素、葛根素、大豆苷、丹酚酸B含量。方法:采用Inertsil ODS-SP C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈(A)-0.2%磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,波长切换(0~12 min,282 nm,检测丹参素;13~22 min,250 nm,检测葛根素、大豆苷;23~36 min,286 nm,检测丹酚酸B)。结果:丹参素、葛根素、大豆苷、丹酚酸B线性范围分别为0.205 6~2.056μg(r=0.999 7)、0.1~1.0μg(r=0.999 6)、0.050 1~0.501μg(r=0.999 4)、1.0~10.0μg(r=0.999 5);平均回收率(n=6)分别为99.3%、100.7%、99.3%和98.8%,RSD分别为1.1%、1.6%、1.6%和1.6%。含量测定结果(n=3)分别为3.328 4~4.707 0、0.919 6~1.631 4、0.455 1~0.610 8、29.478 4~31.116 9 mg·g^(-1),RSD分别为1.6%~2.2%、0.4%~1.1%、1.2%~2.0%、0.8%~1.3%。结论:方法学验证结果表明,本法能为补肾活血方的质量标准研究提供参考。     

RP—HPLC法同时测定丹红粉针中丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素A和丹酚酸B的含量

目的:建立 RP-HPLC 法测定丹红粉针中丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素 A 和丹酚酸 B 等4种有效成分的含量。方法:采用 Apollo-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;以1%冰醋酸-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱;流速1.0 mL·min~(-1);柱温25℃;检测波长280 nm。结果:丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素 A 和丹酚酸 B 浓度分别在1.12～11.2,0.256～2.56,3.46～34.6,36.2～362μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r≥0.9995),方法平均回收率分别为99.5%、101.0%、98.8%和100.8%(RSD<3.0%,n=9)。结论:本方法简便、准确,重复性好,可用于同时测定丹红注射剂中丹参素、原儿茶醛、红花黄色素 A 和丹酚酸 B 的含量。     

HPLC法同时测定中风回春丸中丹参素和丹酚酸B的含量

目的建立同时测定中风回春丸中丹参素和丹酚酸B含量的高效液相色谱法。方法采用ACE Excel 5 Super C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;柱温为25℃,进样量为10μL,流速为1.0 m L·min^-1;检测波长为280 nm。结果丹参素的线性范围为46.03~1380.9 ng(r=1.000),平均回收率为101.3%(RSD=1.7%,n=6),丹酚酸B的线性范围为56.55~1696.5 ng(r=1.000),平均回收率为96.6%(RSD=2.6%,n=6)。结论本方法简便,准确,重现性好,适用于中风回春丸的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定丹香冠心注射液中3个成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法同时测定丹香冠心注射液中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B 3个成分的含量。方法:采用AgilentZorbax SB-Cl8(3.0 mm×100 mm,3.5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.5%醋酸为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL.min-1,检测波长288 nm。结果:丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B浓度分别在76.84～1921μg.mL-1(r=0.9996)、9.624～240.6μg.mL-1(r=0.9999)、10.08～252.0μg.mL-1(r=0.9994)范围内呈良好的线性关系;上述3个成分精密度试验的RSD<1%,48 h内稳定性试验的RSD<2%,加样回收率试验的RSD<2%。结论:本文方法简便可靠,能同时测定丹香冠心注射液中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B 3个有效成分的含量,可用于丹香冠心注射液的质量控制。     

建立同时测定大鼠血浆中丹参素钠与原儿茶醛和咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A含量的液质联用方法

目的建立HPLC-MS/MS法测定丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A在大鼠血浆中浓度的方法。方法用乙腈蛋白沉淀法处理血浆样本,色谱柱为Synergi Hydro-RP 80 A(150 mm×2 mm,4μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,0~2 min,10%~60%乙腈;2~3 min,60%~95%乙腈;3~6.5 min,95%乙腈;6.5~7 min,95%~10%乙腈;7~12 min,10%乙腈,流速为0.4 m L·min-1;电喷雾电离(ESI)离子源离子化,采用多重反应监测(MRM)方式进行负离子检测。结果丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A的线性范围分别为10~1000,5~500,2~200,5~500,10~1000ng·m L-1;定量下限分别为10,5,2,5,10 ng·m L-1。日内精密度(RSD)均小于8.31%,日间RSD均小于12.73%,提取回收率均大于50%。结论本检测方法专属性高,操作简便,稳定性好,可以同时准确地检测丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、咖啡酸、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A的血药浓度。     

丹参素钠、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B在大鼠体内的药动学

目的建立用于同时测定大鼠血浆中丹参素钠、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B的HPLC法,并研究丹参水溶性提取物在大鼠体内的药动学特征。方法大鼠灌胃给予丹参水溶性提取物(丹参素钠78.1 mg·kg-1、迷迭香酸40.4 mg·kg-1、丹酚酸B1.2 g·kg-1)后,眼眶静脉丛取血,经盐酸酸化及乙酸乙酯萃取后采用HPLC测定不同时间点的血药浓度。结果丹参素钠、迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B分别在0.4~10.0、0.24~6.00、0.8~10.0 mg·L-1内线性良好,方法回收率均在85%~115%之间,日内、日间精密度良好,稳定性符合要求。主要药动学参数t1/2(ka)分别为0.052、0.172、0.080 h;ρmax分别为1.072、2.290、4.128 mg·L-1;AUCo-t分别为6.674、6.933、8.943 mg·h·L-1。结论丹参素钠在大鼠体内的药动学过程符合单室模型,迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B符合二室模型。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定丹参中6种化学成分的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定丹参中迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA含量的方法。方法采用Thermo C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;以甲酸水和乙腈进行梯度洗脱;柱温30℃;流速1mL·min-1;检测波长为270nm。结果迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA的线性范围分别为:0.336~3.36μg(r=0.999 9),4.772~47.72μg(r=0.999 8),0.019 3~0.192 8μg(r=0.999 8),0.072~0.72μg(r=0.999 7),0.077 2~0.772(r=0.999 8)和0.174 4~1.744μg(r=0.999 9);平均加样回收率分别为:100.2%,100.4%,98.6%,100.0%,99.3%和99.1%,RSD值分别为1.58%,1.25%,1.09%,1.21%,1.10%和1.06%。结论该法同时测定了丹参中迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、二氢丹参酮Ⅰ、隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ及丹参酮ⅡA6种化学成分的含量,结果准确可靠。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.