血浆透析患者血浆脂多糖水平与TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的关系

【目的】探讨血浆透析患者血浆脂多糖(LPS)水平与肿瘤坏死因于(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-8水平的关系。【方法】选取本院2018年6月至2020年6月收治的72例血浆透析患者(血浆透析组),另选取同期健康体检者42例作为健康对照组,比较两组LPS、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8水平。采用Pearson直线相关性方法分析LPS与TNF-α,IL-6和IL-8水平的关系。【结果】血浆透析组LPS,TNF-α、IL-6,IL-8水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05).Pearson相关性分析显示血浆透析患者LPS水平与TNFa和1L-8水平呈正相关(P<0.05);与IL-6无相关关系(P>0.05)。【结论】血浆透析患者LPS,TNF-α和IL-8水平高于正常人群,且随着TNF-α和IL-8水平的不断增加,LPS水平也不断升高。     

4种血清标志物联合检测对急性胰腺炎的诊断和预后判断的价值

目的探讨血液淀粉酶(AMY)、脂肪酶(LPS)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)联合检测对急性胰腺炎(AP)的诊断和预后判断的价值。方法检测50例急性胰腺炎患者,包括28例轻型急性胰腺炎(MAP)患者和22例重型急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者入院时以及50例非胰腺炎急腹症(NAA)患者入院时和50例健康者的血清AMY、LPS、CRP和IL-6的水平,并检测50例AP患者入院后第3、5、7天血清CRP和IL-6的水平。结果入院时AP患者AMY、LPS和CRP水平明显高于NAA患者和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),SAP患者IL-6水平明显高于健康组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),NAA患者AMY、CRP和IL-6水平明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01),但NAA患者LPS水平和健康组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SAP患者CRP和IL-6水平明显高于MAP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但SAP患者AMY和LPS水平和MAP患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。入院后SAP组CRP和IL-6水平最高值均出现于第3天,SAP患者CRP和IL-6水平均明显高于同期MAP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),SAP患者和MAP患者治疗后第7天CRP和IL-6水平均明显低于同组入院时水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合检测AMY、LPS、CRP和IL-6敏感性、特异性和诊断符合率均明显高于单项检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 AMY、LPS、CRP和IL-6联合检测有助于AP的早期诊断、病变程度的判断、治疗效果的观察及预后判断。     

肝硬化腹水患者血清二胺氧化酶、内毒素和IL-18水平的改变及其临床意义

目的:探讨血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)、内毒素(ETX)及IL-18水平在肝硬化腹水患者中的改变及临床意义。方法:76例乙肝后肝硬化腹水患者分为自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)组22例和无菌性腹水(SA)组54例,分光光度法检测血清DAO,评估其肠黏膜屏障功能;分光光度法和ELISA法分别检测血清ETX和IL-18,偏相关分析DAO、ETX及IL-18间的关系。以15例健康体检者作为对照组。结果:SBP组和SA组患者血清DAO、ETX及IL-18均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);其中SBP组患者三项指标均显著高于SA组患者(P<0.01);肝硬化腹水患者血DAO与ETX、ETX与IL-18均呈正相关(r=0.437,P<0.01;r=0.686,P<0.01)。结论:肠屏障功能障碍可能是肝硬化内毒素血症发生的关键环节之一,合并SBP可加重肠黏膜损伤和内毒素血症,IL-18与肝硬化腹水及SBP的发生有关,联合监测血DAO、ETX与IL-18有助于判断肝硬化腹水患者病情,对于指导治疗、改善预后可能具有重要作用。     

炎症相关细胞因子与Ph阴性骨髓增殖性肿瘤的相关性

目的探讨经典型骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者血清炎症相关细胞因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、白细胞介素2受体(IL-2R)、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10]水平及其临床意义。方法选取50例费城染色体(Ph)阴性(Ph-)的初诊MPN患者[MPN组,其中真性红细胞增多症(PV)16例、原发性血小板增多症(ET)25例、原发性骨髓纤维化(PMF)9例],以20名体检健康者作为正常对照组,采用化学发光法检测血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2R、IL-6、IL-8及IL-10水平,采用Sanger测序法检测MPN患者JAK2及MPL基因突变,采用实时荧光聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测CALR基因突变。结果MPN组血清TNF-α、IL-2R、IL-6和IL-8水平均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.001),血清IL-10水平显著低于正常对照组(P<0.001)。2个组之间血清IL-1β水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PMF组血清IL-2R水平高于PV组和ET组(P<0.05)。在JAK2 V617F突变阳性患者中,PMF组血清IL-2R水平显著高于PV组和ET组(P<0.01),血清TNF-α和IL-8水平高于ET组(P<0.05),血清IL-6水平高于PV组(P<0.05)。骨髓纤维化分级为MF-3级的MPN患者IL-2R水平高于MF-2级患者(P<0.05),TNF-α水平高于MF-0级患者(P<0.05)。结论MPN患者炎症相关细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2R、IL-6、IL-8及IL-10)水平异常,且在3种MPN亚型之间也存在差异,或许可作为MPN诊断分型及随访的辅助参考指标。     

血必净对严重烧伤患者肠道功能及炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨血必净注射液对严重烧伤患者肠道功能及炎症反应的影响.方法 将同期严重程度相当的32例严重烧伤患者随机(随机数字法)分为血必净治疗组(n=16)和对照组(n=16).对照组按烧伤常规治疗;治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予血必净注射液,每次100 mL,静脉滴注,2次/d,连续使用7 d.检测两组患者治疗前与治疗后3 d和7 d血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)、内毒素(LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平变化.采用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果 两组烧伤患者治疗后,血浆DAO,LPS,TNF-α及IL-6水平均较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);血必净治疗组在治疗后3 d和7 d,血浆DAO,LPS,TNF-α及IL-6水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 血必净注射液可保护烧伤患者肠道功能,减少内毒素人血,对改善严重烧伤患者的炎症反应有积极作用.     

血浆置换联合大黄灌肠治疗对重型肝炎患者血清细胞因子的影响

目的:观察血浆置换联合大黄灌肠治疗对重型肝炎患者血清细胞因子即肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)及内毒素(LPS)的影响及其临床意义.方法:将收冶的76例重型肝炎患者分为两组,A组40例,给予常规内科治疗加人工肝血浆置换术:B组36例,在A组治疗基础上联合大黄煎剂灌肠治疗.于治疗前后检测两组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8及LPS的浓度,并与健康体检者30例(C组)进行比较.结果:A、B两组治疗前TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8及LPS浓度均高于C组(P＜0.01);治疗后A组和B组血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、LPS水平均有所下降,其中B组治疗后血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8、LPS水平下降尤为显著(P＜0.01),与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:血浆置换联合大黄灌肠治疗能促进患者康复,并有纠正患者TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8及LPS紊乱之功效.     

针刺治疗对AGI患者的血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的影响

目的 观察针刺治疗对急性胃肠损伤(AGI)危重症患者的血清脂肪酶(LPS)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)、肠脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)水平的影响。方法 将64例患者按照随机数字表法随机分成两组,常规组32例,给予西医抗炎、抑酸护胃常规治疗;针刺组32例,在常规治疗基础上予针刺治疗,疗程为7d。两组均在治疗第1、4、7天采集静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清LPS、DAO、I-FABP的水平,比较两组患者在治疗第1、4和7天LPS、DAO、I-FABP的变化。结果 治疗第1天,两组各项指标间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗第4、7天,针刺组的LPS、DAO、I-FABP均较常规组下降明显(P<0.05)。结论 针刺联合常规西医治疗,可明显降低LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平,可能通过改善LPS、DAO、I-FABP水平促进肠康复。     

兔内毒素血症时胃黏膜内pH的改变

目的　研究兔内毒素血症时胃黏膜内pH (pHi)的变化。方法　选用雄性家兔 10只 ,随机分成 2组。组Ⅰ (n =5 )为正常对照组静注生理盐水 :组Ⅱ (n =5 )实验前 2 4h静注大肠杆菌内毒素 [EColiLPS ;3μg/ (kg·ml) ],并进行大剂量LPS (10 0 μg/kg ;5 0ml/ 4h)滴注。监测动脉血压 (MAP)。应用胃肠张力仪测得胃黏膜局部CO2 张力 ,计算胃黏膜内pH (pHi)。留取血浆测定NO水平。实验观察大剂量LPS滴注前 (T0 )、后 2h (T2h)和 10h (T1 0h)上述参数变化。静注 10 %KCl 5ml处死后取空肠作HE染色观察。结果　MAP在组Ⅰ无变化 ,组Ⅱ在T1 0h 时血压明显下降 ;血浆NO水平在组Ⅰ无变化 ,组Ⅱ在T0 、T2h 和T1 0h各点均较组Ⅰ显著升高 ,并呈进行性增高。组Ⅰ动脉血pH和pHi值无变化 ,组Ⅱ在T2h和T1 0h均较组Ⅰ为低 (P <0 0 5 )。空肠病理形态学检查组Ⅱ绒毛显著肿胀 ,基底膜增厚。结论　小剂量LPS即可导致血浆NO水平升高 ;大剂量LPS给入后 ,动脉血pH和pHi下降早于动脉血压改变 ,且pHi下降与空肠绒毛的病理损害变化一致。     

脂多糖和细胞因子水平与慢性HBV/HCV重叠感染患者肝损伤的相关性

目的:探讨慢性HBV/HCV重叠感染患者血浆脂多糖(LPS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)及一氧化氮(NO)水平与肝损伤指标血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)的相关性.方法:选择慢性HBV/HCV重叠感染患者(HBV/HCV组)42例,其中重型肝炎(SH组)25例,慢性肝炎(CH组)17例;慢性HBV单独感染患者(HBV组)60例;慢性HCV单独感染患者(HCV组)60例和正常对照者(NC组)60例.应用鲎三肽基质显色法、酶联免疫吸附试验(EUSA)及硝酸还原酶法分别检测血浆中LPS、TNF-α、IL-10及NO水平,全自动生化分析仪测定血清ALT活性、TBIL浓度.结果:HBV/HCV组血浆LPS、TNF-α及NO水平明显高于HBV、HCV组及NC组(均P＜0.01),SH组LPS、TNF-α及NO水平明显高于CH组(均P＜0.01),HBV/HCV组血浆IL-10水平则明显低于HBV、HCV组及NC组(均P＜O.01),SH组IL-10水平明显低于CH组(P＜O.01).HBV组与HCV组间血浆LPS、TNF-α、IL-10及NO水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).相关性分析显示,HBV/HCV组血浆LPS、TNF-α及NO水平与ALT、TBIL呈显著正相关,而血浆IL-10水平与ALT、TBIL呈显著负相关.结论:HBV/HCV重叠感染患者血浆UPS、TNF-α、IL-10及NO水平的变化与肝损伤程度密切相关.     

创伤性休克大鼠血浆AM与血管阻力变化的关系研究

目的 :观察创伤性休克大鼠血浆肾上腺髓质素 (AM)与血管阻力的变化 ,探讨 AM在创伤性休克病理生理过程中的作用。方法 :应用放射免疫法检测创伤性休克大鼠血浆 AM浓度 ,采用生物电阻抗方法测定平均动脉压 (MAP)、总外周血管阻力 (TPVR)和心脏指数 (CI)。结果 :休克复苏与未复苏组血浆 AM浓度分别为(1 4 6 .2 7± 9.83) ng/ L和 (6 8.34± 3.71 ) ng/ L ,均明显高于对照组 (32 .6 2± 7.5 5 ) ng/ L (P<0 .0 1和 P<0 .0 5 )。休克复苏组 TPVR为 (1 0 .5 7± 0 .35 ) k Pa· s· L- 1 ,明显低于休克未复苏组 (1 6 .75± 0 .2 3) k Pa· s· L- 1 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;CI明显高于休克未复苏组〔(2 1 5 .5 9± 1 .2 9) ml· min- 1· kg- 1比 (1 4 3.1 1± 0 .86 ) ml· m in- 1· kg- 1 ,P<0 .0 1〕。结论 :AM与血管阻力变化密切相关 ,并参与了创伤性休克的病理生理过程     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.