Preptin对人成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨preptin对人成骨细胞增殖和分化的影响及其信号途径.方法 体外培养人成骨细胞,用10-10、10-9、10-8和10-7mol/L preptin干预24 h,以[3H]脱氧胸腺嘧啶苷掺入法分析细胞增殖,用分光光度计法测定细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性判断细胞分化程度.Western印迹法检测细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)的磷酸化水平.并在preptin干预前以ERK抑制剂(PD98059)、p38 MAPK抑制剂(SB203580)和JNK抑制剂(SP600125)预处理,观察preptin诱导人成骨细胞增殖和分化的途径.结果 Preptin剂量依赖地增加人成骨细胞的增殖和ALP活性,10-9mol/L浓度时达最大效应(均P<0.01).Preptin刺激人成骨细胞ERK的磷酸化,对p38MAPK和JNK无作用.PD98059阻断preptin刺激的成骨细胞增殖及ALP活性增加(均P<0.05),而SP600125和SB203580无此效应.结论 Preptin通过ERK途径促进人成骨细胞的增殖和分化.     

机械应力对MG63成骨样细胞结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

目的 观察力学刺激对MG63成骨样细胞的结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达的影响以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号途径在这一过程中的作用.方法 应用Western印迹法检测MG63细胞CTGF蛋白表达及细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、p38磷酸化水平,应用RT-PCR检测CTGF mRNA表达.结果 环状应力刺激可显著上调CFGF蛋白及mRNA表达,3～6 h达高峰,升高2～3倍;并且激活ERK及JNK信号途径,刺激10 min开始活化,ERK在60 min达高峰,而JNK在15～30min达高峰,对p38信号途径没有明显活化作用.JNK信号通路阻断剂SP600125能够阻断应力刺激对CTGF的上调作用,而ERK信号阻断剂PD98059及p38信号阻断剂SB203580却无此作用.结论 环状机械应力通过JNK依赖的途径上调了MG63细胞的CTGF表达.     

脂联素调控人成骨细胞OPG/RANKL表达的信号转导机制

目的 研究脂联素调控人成骨细胞护骨素(OPG)和NF-кB受体活化凶子配体(RANKL)表达的作用机制.方法 人成骨细胞OPG和RANKL mRNA的表达以实时PCR检测,p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)、c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)的磷酸化水平用Western印迹法检测.廊用小分子RNA干扰技术(siRNA)阻断脂联素受体(AdR)表达,并以p38 MAPK抑制剂(SB203580)和JNK抑制剂(SP600125)干预,以观察脂联素对人成骨细胞OPG/RANKL作用的调节机制.结果 用siRNA沉默AdRl的表达可消除脂联素促进人成骨细胞RANKL表达和抑制OPG表达的作用;脂联素干预前予SB203580阻断p38 MAPK后,也可消除脂联素对成骨细胞RANKL和OPG的作用,而SP600125并无作用.结论 在人成骨细胞中,脂联素通过AdR1/p38 MARK途径促进RANKL表达和抑制OPG的表达.     

重组人结缔组织生长因子对人成骨细胞骨保护素/RANKL表达的影响

目的 研究重组人结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)对体外培养的人成骨细胞骨保护素/RANKL(receptor activator of NF-κB ligand)表达的影响,并探讨重组人CTGF调节骨保护素/RANKL表达的信号转导机制.方法 用重组人CTGF干预体外培养的人成骨细胞,采用Western印迹法检测骨保护素/RANKL蛋白表达水平的变化,同时观察重组人CTGF对人成骨细胞FAK、MAPK磷酸化的影响.结果 重组人CTGF可呈时间-剂量依赖性抑制人成骨细胞RANKL的表达,200 ng/ml重组人CTGF作用24～48 h达最大抑制效果,而对人成骨细胞骨保护素的表达无明显影响.重组人CTGF可明显增强p38MAPK磷酸化,并减少FAK磷酸化,重组人CTGF干预对ERK、JNK磷酸化无明显影响;p38MAPK阻断剂SB23058可阻断重组人CTGF对RANKL表达的抑制效应.结论 重组人CTGF通过增强p38MAPK磷酸化,减少FAK磷酸化下调人成骨细胞RANKL的表达.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1对大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡及MAPK通路的影响

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)对大鼠结肠平滑肌细胞(SMCs)增殖、凋亡及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号转导通路的影响.方法 利用酶解法分离培养Sprague-Dawley大鼠结肠SMCs,进行免疫组化染色鉴定后,将其分为对照组、IGF-1组和IGF-1+ PD98059[细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)抑制剂]组,分别采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测SMCs增殖,流式细胞术AnnexinV-FITC/PI检测SMCs凋亡,Western印迹检测磷酸化ERK、ERK、磷酸化p38MAPK、p38MAPK和磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)、JNK的表达.结果 分离培养的细胞经免疫组化鉴定为结肠SMCs,IGF-1组较对照组细胞增殖增强[(1.786 ±0.271)比(0.998±0.057),P＜0.01],凋亡率降低[(2.59±0.28)％比(20.68±2.48)％,P＜0.01],磷酸化ERK表达增强,磷酸化ERK/ERK比值升高[(42.71±3.74)％比(23.88±2.52％),P均＜0.01];磷酸化p38MAPK、p38MAPK、磷酸化JNK、JNK表达无差异(P均＞0.05).IGF-1+ PD98059组较对照组细胞增殖下降[(0.154±0.021)比(0.998±0.057),P＜0.01],凋亡率升高[(84.31±7.54)％比(20.68±2.48)％,P＜0.01],磷酸化ERK表达减弱,磷酸化ERK/ERK比值降低[(10.47±1.22)％比(23.88±2.52)％,P均＜0.01].结论 IGF-1可能通过激活结肠SMCs MAPK通路中的ERK途径,促进细胞增殖,抑制凋亡,可能与p38MAPK途径和JNK途径无关.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞表达纤维连接蛋白的影响及其作用机制

目的：观察血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）对大鼠腹膜间皮细胞（RPMCs）纤维连接蛋白（FN）表达的影响，以及有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶通路（mitogen—activated protein kinases，MAPKs）在AngⅡ诱导FN表达中所起的作用。方法：酶消化法于大鼠大网膜中分离间皮细胞，以AngⅡ刺激后，分别应用realtime．PCR及Western印迹法检测FN的表达情况。应用Western印迹法观察AngⅡ（1μmol／L）对MAPK通路的主要信号传导蛋白ERK1／2、p38MAPK和JNK活化的影响，并分别应用ERK1／2、p38MAPK和JNK的抑制剂以及AngⅡ的Ⅰ型受体（AT1）阻断剂进行干预，Western印迹法观察上述抑制剂对AngⅡ诱导FN表达的影响。结果：AngⅡ促进RPMCs表达FN，活化ERK1／2和p38MAPK信号传导通路，而不影响JNK通路的活化。ERK1／2通路抑制剂PD98059及AT1受体阻断剂（losartan）可明显抑制AngⅡ诱导的FN表达增加，而p38MAPK和JNK抑制剂对FN的表达无影响。结论：AngⅡ促进RPMCs合成FN增多。AT1受体和ERK1／2通路介导了AngⅡ诱导RPMCs表达FN。     

软脂酸通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路促进血管内皮细胞凋亡

目的探讨软脂酸(PA)诱导的血管内皮细胞凋亡中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路的作用。方法将人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)分对照组、PA组、MAPK通路干预组[分别先用p38抑制剂SB203580、氨基末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂PD98059、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)抑制剂SP600125干预]再分为PA+SB组、PA+PD组、PA+SP组。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;Western blot法检测caspase-3、磷酸化p38、JNK和ERK1/2表达水平;分光光度法检测caspase-3的活性。结果与对照组比较,PA组、PA+SB组、PA+PD组、PA+SP组HUVEC凋亡及caspase-3表达和活性明显增加,PA组磷酸化p38MAPK表达明显增加(P<0.05)。与PA组比较,PA+SB组HUVEC细胞凋亡率、caspase-3表达和活性明显降低(P<0.05);而PA+PD组和PA+SP组HUVEC凋亡率、caspase-3表达和活性无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论 PA通过p38MAPK通路促进内皮细胞凋亡。     

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对软脂酸培养的肌细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活子表达的调控作用

目的研究软脂酸对C2C12细胞过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活子(PGC-1α)表达的影响,揭示丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)信号通路与PGC-1α表达的关系,寻找软脂酸诱导C2C12细胞PGC-1α表达变化的上游调节通路。方法检测软脂酸培养的C2C12细胞PGC-1α、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)、jnk氨基末端激酶(JNK)、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)及其磷酸化蛋白phosp-38MAPK(P-p38MAPK)的表达变化。寻找发生变化的MAPKs信号通路,用筛选到的p38MAPK抑制剂进行干预,分为对照(Con)组、软脂酸(Palmitate)组、p38MAPK抑制剂组和Palmitate+p38MAPK抑制剂组,测定PGC-1α、p38MAPK总蛋白及其P-p38MAPK的表达。结果软脂酸培养的C2C12细胞PGC-1α蛋白表达下降,呈时间依赖性;ERK、phospho-ERK、JNK、phospho-JNK及p38MAPK表达无变化,P-p38MAPK表达升高。用p38MAPK抑制剂干预C2C12细胞,PGC-1α表达在Palmitate组最低,p38MAPK抑制剂组和Palmitate+p38MAPK抑制剂组较Palmitate组升高,p38MAPK抑制剂组最高。结论软脂酸诱导的PGC-1α表达下降可能由p38MAPK信号通路调控。     

吡格列酮对L6肌细胞脂联素和葡萄糖转运蛋白4表达的影响及其机制研究

建立棕榈酸诱导的大鼠L6肌细胞胰岛素抵抗模型后,以吡格列酮、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂SP600125、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)抑制剂SB203580进行干预.应用Western 印迹法检测脂联素、葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)蛋白表达和JNK、p38MAPK磷酸化水平.结果显示,吡格列酮可显著增加胰岛素抵抗状态下L6细胞p38MAPK磷酸化、脂联素和GLUT4蛋白表达(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),降低JNK磷酸化水平(P＜0.01).阻断p38MAPK信号通路后,吡格列酮上调L6细胞GULT4蛋白表达的效应显著降低(P＜0.01),而阻断JNK信号通路却无显著影响(P＞0.05).     

姜黄素抑制白细胞介素8诱导的血管内皮细胞迁移的分子机制

目的探讨姜黄素对白细胞介素(IL)-8诱导的血管内皮细胞迁移的影响及分子机制。方法应用IL-8、姜黄素及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路抑制剂PD98059(PD)处理HUVECs细胞,Transwell和Western印迹实验检测细胞迁移、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、ERK1/2和磷酸化(p)-ERK1/2蛋白表达。结果 IL-8可显著促进HUVECs细胞迁移并上调VEGF和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达;姜黄素或PD可有效抑制IL-8诱导的HUVECs细胞迁移和VEGF表达。结论姜黄素和PD均能抑制IL-8诱导的HUVECs细胞迁移和VEGF表达,并且姜黄素能够显著抑制pERK1/2蛋白表达,提示抑制MAPK/ERK信号通路可能是姜黄素抗血管生成的部分机制。     

Prevention of ERK activation involves melatonin-induced G(1) and G(2) /M phase arrest in the human osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19

Melatonin regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt signaling pathways. The MAPK family mainly includes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Our previous study documented that melatonin delays osteoblast proliferation; however, the mechanism of action of melatonin remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that melatonin significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK but not p38, JNK, or Akt in a human osteoblastic cell line 1.19 (hFOB), as measured by western blot. The expression of ERK, p38, JNK, and Akt was not altered. PD98059 (a selective inhibitor of MEK that disrupts downstream activation of ERK) and melatonin alone, and especially in combination, significantly induced an antiproliferative effect, G(1) and G(2) /M phase arrest of the cell cycle, and downregulation of the expression at both the protein and mRNA levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4, related to the G(1) phase, and of cyclin B1 and CDK1, related to the G(2) /M phase, as measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining, and both western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. Moreover, the combination of PD98059 and melatonin synergistically and markedly augmented the action of either agent alone. Coimmunoprecipitation further confirmed that there was an interaction between phosphorylation of ERK and cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin B1, or CDK1, which was weaken in the presence of melatonin or PD98059. These results suggest that the prevention of ERK activation is involved in melatonin-induced G(1) and G(2) /M phase arrest, and this inhibitory effect is potentially via the ERK, but not p38, JNK, or Akt, pathway.     

Requirement of mitogen-activated protein kinase for collagenase production by the fibronectin fragment in human articular chondrocytes in culture

Abstract

Fibronectin fragments have been shown to up-regulate matrix metalloproteinase production in chondrocytes. We investigated the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways activated by the COOH-terminal heparin-binding fibronectin fragment (HBFN-f) in collagenase production by human chondrocytes in culture. In articular cartilage explant culture, HBFN-f stimulated type II collagen cleavage by collagenase in association with increased secretion of MMP-1 and MMP-13. In human articular chondrocytes, HBFN-f induced the collagenases with activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and the c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase (JNK). PD98059 that inhibits the ERK pathway blocked HBFN-f-stimulated production of MMP-1 and MMP-13 in explant culture. SB203580 at 1?µM, the concentration that inhibits p38 only, partially suppressed HBFN-f-induced collagenase production, whereas at 10?µM, the inhibitor that blocks both p38 and JNK almost completely inhibited collagenase induction. PD98059 and SB203580 individually blocked HBFN-f-increased cleavage of type II collagen in the explant culture, although 10?µM SB203580 strongly inhibited the collagen cleavage compared with 1?µM of the inhibitor. These results indicate that collagenase production leading to type II collagen cleavage in cartilage explants requires ERK, p38, and JNK.     

Porcine von Willebrand factor and thrombin induce the activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) whereas only thrombin induces activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 2 (ERK2) in human platelets

The interaction of platelets with subendothelial von Willebrand factor (VWF), especially under high shear stress, is considered to be the first activation step which primes platelets for subsequent haemostatic events. The signalling cascade which results from the interaction of VWF and its receptor GPIbIX has only been partially defined. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a family of downstream transmembrane signalling serine-threonine kinases and have been demonstrated to be present and functional in platelets; these include the extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs), c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK. Previously, we showed that p38 MAPK was not required in VWF-induced human platelet activation. It is not known whether VWF-dependent platelet activation involves the activation of the JNK and ERK family of signalling molecules. This report demonstrates that porcine von Willebrand factor (pVWF) induced a sustained and stable JNK activation measurable by 1 min after activation. Thrombin also induced JNK activation assessed at 1 min after activation. In contrast to thrombin, pVWF did not induce ERK2 activation at any time point tested. To ensure that ERK activation was unnecessary for pVWF-dependent platelet activation, we functionally inhibited ERK-dependent signalling with PD98059, a potent and selective inhibitor of the MAP kinase kinase (MEK-1), which is the upstream kinase of ERK1 and ERK2. Although PD98059 inhibited ERK2 activation in platelets, it had no effect on pVWF- or thrombin-induced platelet alpha or lysozomal granule release, modulation of membrane glycoprotein CD41, microparticle formation, platelet shape change or platelet agglutination. It is concluded that pVWF and thrombin induced JNK activation, but whereas thrombin induced ERK2 activation VWF did not; functional ERK2 activity was also not required for pVWF- or thrombin-dependent platelet activation.